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Assignment module 3
1. WRITE A COMPREHENSIVE NOTE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF SENSORIAL
EXERCISES.
Senses play a vital role in our lives. They act like a connecting bridge to the environment. Since a
child naturally uses all his powers of observation during his early years. it is important to provide
appropriate surrounding to sharpen his senses and use them properly over time. Dr. Maria
Montessori noticed that at certain ages children around the world engage in similar activities.
Children appear to have a natural inner interest in exploring their world through their senses and
refining their ability to use their senses schools should provide appropriate materials which suits
the child’s interest and activity. She carried on with making numerous materials of sensory
discrimination. She developed materials and activities for all the functions of the five senses.
IMPORTANCE OF SENSORIAL EXERCISES
From 0 to 7 years of life in every child is the period of rapid development, it is possible to sharpen
any ability of child. As development of our senses continues even after birth.at the time of birth, a
newly born child can hear, smell, see, feel, and taste, the ability to use the senses is very poor. The
modern research has proved that our ability to use our senses develops during the first six years of
life very rapidly as the nervous system is also developed during these years, providing proper
nutrition and adequate stimulation This can only be made possible by providing better
opportunities of sensory interaction with the environment. These exercises sharpen the ability to
uses the senses, the more information that can perceive from the environment. A person with the
better abilities to use the abilities to use the senses will always be ahead of others as he can adjust
in any kind of circumstances, can make better decisions and can learn fast.
DIFFERENT GROUPS OF SENSES
Sensorial exercises are grouped according the presence of senses. That are able to sense size, shape,
composition, texture, hardness, softness, matching, weight, temperature etc.in the module,
sensorial exercises are categorized into eight different groups that are,
I. VISUAL SENSE
Visual exercises make child to learn how to visually discriminate differences between
similar objects and differing objects that are exploring dimensions, colors, shapes and
patterns.
SORTING TRAYS
MATERIALS
1. A tray with three bowls/dishes:
Two small dishes are filled with collections of large items such as buttons and large beans
one type in each bowl. Each type of object should be different in shape or size and
preferably color also. Initially two to three large items are used and later the number of
items is increased and smaller items are used at an even later stage.
The relatively large dish is placed empty in the center of the tray.
2. Blindfold
EXERCISE
3. have the child carry the tray to the table and have him place it in the middle of the table.
4. pick up one of the large items from the bowl.
5. close your eyes and feel the item using both hands.
6. tell the child I feel different when I close my eyes.
7. have the child feel the item with his eyes opened and closed.
8. Then place the item into the large empty bowl.
9. Repeat the object from the second bowl.
10. Then place all the items from larger bowl into smaller two bowls.
11. Repeat until all the items have been placed into their correct bowls.
12. Then open your eyes and check each of the bowls for correct sorting.
NAME: SUNDUS FARASAT
ROLL NO.: D14898
13. Invite the child to repeat the work as you have shown and offer him the use of the blindfold.
CONTROL OF ERROR
The difference of color, shape and size of each set of objects provide control of error. After
removing his blindfold, the child can see if all the same type is in a dish.
LANGAUGE
The name of the shape, seeds and grains can be introduced.
AGE
3.5 to 4 years
MYSTERY BAG
MATERIALS
1. An attractive cloth bag
2. About 10 – 20 small objects (depending up the number of children and available time)
objects must be well known to the children and very different from each other such as key,
rubber, button, small pencil, bead, coin, ring, small toy, rock, etc.
EXERCISE
1. Invite the child/children to come and work with you.
2. Show the mystery bag and name the items in it to the child/children.
3. Make the children to sit in a semi-circle.
4. Take out all the objects on the table from mystery bag and allow the children to handle
them. When children are well familiar with contents of the bag, put them back in the
mystery bag.
5. Place the bag flat on the table with the opening near you.
6. Put one of the hands into the bag and feel the object and tell the children what it feels like
soft, light etc. say the name of the object loud enough like I think it is a ball. Take out the
object from the bag and you can say yes it is a cotton ball.
7. Place the object to the side of the table and allow the child sitting to your left to try.
8. Remind him to feel and guess the name of the object then Take it out.
9. Repeat with other children till all the objects are out of the bag.
AGE
Generally, before 5 years
With older children smaller objects can be included
NAME: SUNDUS FARASAT
ROLL NO.: D14898
MEMORY GAMES
Memory games can be introduced to the children before or after the Three Period Lesson,
depending on the type of game.it can be helpful in the following ways,
Helpful to rejuvenate the child’s interest in the material which he begins to know well.
Revise sometime of what children have already mastered.
help the child make classifications before moving on to another piece of material.
Prolong the child’s activity with the material which results in a deeper assimilation of
concepts.
Provide children with motive to discover more variations of the material.
Verify the child’s language of the material.
Following are some examples of memory games,
GAME 1
MATCHING AT A DISTANCE
Place 2 different tables or mats at a distance from each other.
Place one of a pair of materials, one on each table or mat.
Then directress selects one of the pairs, feels it thoroughly with hands and ask the child to
feel it. Then child bring the match from other table/mat.
Repeat until all matches have been made.
GAME 2
GRADING FROM A DISTANCE
For these game, the child must have completed his grading three period lesson.
From an extreme
Place two different tables or mats at a distance from one another
Place the grading materials for example pink tower, broad stairs, tablets at random on one
mat.
Pick up the extreme like largest cube of pink tower, move it to the other mat and place
there.
Ask the child to feel it and bring the cube which is slightly smaller than this one.
Continue up to the smallest cube.
From a midpoint
Place 2 different tables or mats at a distance from one another and place the grading
material at random on one table or mat.
Pick up one of the piece for example middle sized cubes of pink tower, move to the other
table and place it there.
NAME: SUNDUS FARASAT
ROLL NO.: D14898
Ask the child to feel it and bring the cube which is just a little bit smaller or bigger from
that one.
GAME 3
STEREOGNOSTIC
This is done in a group of children.
The directress asks the children to sit around the mat.
She would hand over the material for example one cube of the pink tower to each child.
The children hold the cube behind their backs and feel them.
The directress would ask for the largest cube to smallest cube.
GAME 4
MATERIAL TO THE ENVIRONMENT
In this game, the material is related to the environment for examples color tablets, shapes etc
Spread out a mat.
Place the material for example color tablets on to the mat at random.
Take one tablet and ask the child to find something form the environment of that same
color or shade.
Repeat for all the color or shade of color.
GAME 5
MATCHING AT A DISTANCE
this is opposite of above game.
Spread out the mat
Place the material for example color tablets or red rods onto the mat at random.
Give the children something like leaf, rock etc. and ask them to match it to its closet match
in the material on the mat.
NAME: SUNDUS FARASAT
ROLL NO.: D14898
VOCABULARY
Block 1: big-bigger-biggest and small-smaller-smallest
Block 2: deep-deeper-deepest and shallow-shallower-shallowest
Block 3: thick-thicker-thickest and thin-thinner-thinnest
Block 4: tall-taller-tallest and short-shorter-shortest
EXERCISE
i. spread the mat and take the consent of the child.
ii. If the directress is right handed, then the child should stand on
the left side of her.
iii. Hold the largest cube, take it among other cubes to figure out
its sizes and place it on the mat.
iv. Then look for the larger cube and place it on the largest cube.
v. Compare and place all the remaining cubes in the same way.
vi. Now move both hand around tower of cubes upward to give
the children idea about the tower that gradually it becomes
narrow.
VOCABULARY
Cube
Large, small
Large, larger, largest
Small, smaller, smallest
EXERCISE
i. spread the mat on the floor and mix the prisms on the mat.
ii. Hold the largest prism and compare it among others.
iii. Place it on the left side of the mat in such a way that square side of the prism is facing
towards you.
iv. Find the second thickest prism and place next to the first thickness prism in such a way no
space is left between them.
v. Continue to arrange rest of the prisms to form stairs.
VOCABULARY
Prism
Broad-narrow
Broad-broader-broadest
Narrow-narrower-narrowest
Or
Thick-thin
Thick-thicker-thickest
Thin-thinner-thinnest
EXERCISE
i. Bring board to the table with the help of the child.
ii. Sensitize fingertips and ask the child to sit on the left of directress.
iii. Secure board wit left hand and use right hand to stroke over the board.
iv. Remember to keep hand relaxed.
v. Invite the child to stroke gently over the board. Help him to stroke lightly over the board
by holding his hand.
vi. When you are touching the rough part say rough and for smooth say smooth.
vii. Complete three period lesson firstly with opened eyes then closed eyes.
viii. Repeat same with all boards
2.EXPLORING WEIGHT
Sense of touch also provide the information about weight or pressure of different objects. This
sense is called baric sense.
BARIC TABLETS
MATERIALS
3 boxes each containing 6 wooden tablets same in shape and size but differ in weight, color
and wood from each other.
A blindfold
EXERCISE
i. Bring two boxes on table which contains heaviest and lightest tablets.
ii. Directress shows the child how to hold the tablet in the palm of a hand.
iii. Feel the tablet and also let the child to feel it.
iv. now ask the child to feel two tablets at a time and decide they are same or different.
v. Later use the blindfold and mix all tablets on the table.
vi. Child will pick them up by himself and sort them by weight.
vii. When child is able to pair up two extremes light and heavy, the directress introduces the
medium weight tablets.
viii. Finally, child can handle all three sets. And sort them.
3.EXPLORING TEMPERATURES
Thermic sense is developed through exploring temperature of different objects. This will help
the children to discriminate the temperature and aware them from hot and cold.
THERMIC TABLETS
MATERIALS
2 tablets each of the following material
Steel
Wood
Marble
Glass
Rubber
NAME: SUNDUS FARASAT
ROLL NO.: D14898
EXERCISE
i. Put the above tablets in two vertical column
ii. The teacher places her left hand on the tablet, feels the temperature and look for the
same in other row by using right hand.
iii. Once she finds the right temperature she brings both the tablets together in the middle
and place them side by side.
iv. Continues the exercise until all the tablets are paired.
v. Do not place hand too long as it will change the temperature of tablet.
vi. Once the child knows how to do the exercise a blindfold can be introduced.
vii. Vocabulary hot and cold can be taught to the children by three period lesson and
memory games can be play.
4.EXERCISES OF STEREOGNOSTIC SENSE
It is the combination of tactile sense and muscular memory in which a child can
recognize to object just by feeling it.as Dr. Maria Montessori says;
“When the hand and arm are moved about the object, an impression of movements added
to the touch. Such an impression is attributed to a special, sixth sense, which is called a
muscular sense and which permits many impressions to be stored in a muscular memory
which recalls movement that have been made.”
MYSTERY BAG
MATERIALS
An attractive cloth bag
About 10 – 20 small objects (depending up the number of children and available time)
objects must be well known to the children and very different from each other such as key,
rubber, button, small pencil, bead, coin, ring, small toy, rock, etc.
EXERCISE
i. Invite the child/children to come and work with you.
ii. Show the mystery bag and name the items in it to the child/children.
iii. Make the children to sit in a semi-circle.
iv. Take out all the objects on the table from mystery bag and allow the children to handle
them. When children are well familiar with contents of the bag, put them back in the
mystery bag.
v. Place the bag flat on the table with the opening near you.
vi. Put one of the hands into the bag and feel the object and tell the children what it feels like
soft, light etc. say the name of the object loud enough like I think it is a ball. Take out the
object from the bag and you can say yes it is a cotton ball.
vii. Place the object to the side of the table and allow the child sitting to your left to try.
viii. Remind him to feel and guess the name of the object then Take it out.
ix. Repeat with other children till all the objects are out of the bag.
NAME: SUNDUS FARASAT
ROLL NO.: D14898
MYSTERY BAG
1. Cube
2. Toy car
3. Small spoon
4. Key
5. Button
6. Coin
7. Bottle cap
8. Ball
9. Rock
10. Small brush
11. Whistle
12. Sharpener
13. Rubber
14. Ring
15. pencil