SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE

6200 Dumaguete City

Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING

In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject

Nursing Informatics
(NCM 110)

Components of Computer Hardware

Submitted to:
Dr. Cliford Kilat, RN, MAN

Submitted by:
Emy Jane A. Acosta
BSN IIA

January 9, 2020
 SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING

Computer Hardware

- defined as all of the physical component of the

machine itself
- includes devices that are peripheral to the main
computer box

Computer

- a machine that uses electronic components and

instructions to the components to perform
calculations and repetitive and complex procedures,
process text, and manipulate data and signals
-
Computer Hardware Fundamentals
 Motherboard

- a thin, flat sheet made of a firm,

nonconducting material on which the
internal components-printed circuits,
chips, slots, and so on- of the computer are
mounted
- made of a dielectric or nonconducting
plastic material

 Central Processing Unit

- the brain of the computer
- consist of at least one arithmetic and logic
unit, a control unit, and memory
 SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING

1. Arithmetic and logic unit

- control mathematical functions such as addition and
subtraction and functions that test logic (Boolean) condition
2. Control Unit
- Carries out the machine language function called fetch,
execute, decode, and store
3. Memory
- Locations of the computer’s internal or main working storage
- Consist of registers, random access memory, data, and cache

 Memory
1. Read Only Memory (ROM)

- is a form of permanent storage

- generally, contains the programs, called firmware used by the
CPU to oversee computer function
- ROM storage is not erased when the computer is turned off

2. Random Access Memory (RAM)

- refers to working memory used for primary storage

- volatile (changeable)and used as temporary storage
- can be accessed, used, changed, and written on repeatedly
- contains instructions that are stored and processed by
computer programs called applications programs
- components are lost whenever the power to the computer is
turned off

 Input Devices

- allows the computer to receive

information from the outside world
- common input device: keyboard and
mouse
 SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING

1. touch screen
- both an input and output device combined

2. light pen
- is a device attached to the computer that has a special
software that allows the computer to sense when the light pen
is focused on a particular part of the screen
3. Voice
- allow the nurse to speak into a microphone to record data

 Output Device

- allow the computer to report its result to the external world

- can be in the form of text, data files, sounds, graphics, or
signals to other devices
- examples are: Monitor and printer

 Storage Media

- Includes the main memory but also external devices on which

programs and data are stored
- Most common storage devices include the hard drive,
diskettes, and CD-ROMs

 Hard Drive

- a peripheral that has very high speed and

high density
- a very fast means of storing and
retrieving data as well as having a large
storage capacity on comparison with the
other types of storage
 SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING

4. Diskettes

- allows input and output from a diskette, which is a round

magnetic disk encased in a flexible or rigid case
- allows the user to transport data and programs from one
computer site to another

 CD-ROM

- is a rigid disk that holds a much bigger density of

information than a diskette and has much higher speed

 USB Disk

- a form of small, removable hard drive that is

inserted into the port of the computer
- a device that can store 64 megabytes (MB)

 Other Output Devices

 Magnetic Tape Drives

- run magnetic tape which is similar to the tape in

any music tape drives
 SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING

 Zip Drives

- are more similar to ordinary floppy disks, but are

of higher capacity

 Jazz Drive

- stores 1 GB (1 billion bytes) of information

 Computer Power
- terms bits and bytes refer to how the machine stores
information at the lowest, or “closest to machine
registers and memory,” level.
- Computers do not process information as words or
numbers, they handle information in bytes. A byte is
made of 8 bits

 Bit (Binary digit)

- is a unit of data in the binary numbering system
- binary means two, so a bit can assume one of two
positions
- a bit is an on/off switch- on equals the value of
one and off equals 0
- are grouped into collection of eight, which then
function as a unit

 Bytes
- a unit that describes a single character in the
computer such as the letter A or the number 3
SAINT PAUL UNIVERSITY DUMAGUETE
6200 Dumaguete City
Philippines
COLLEGE OF NURSING