Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter includes the background information of the study, the statement of the problem,
scope and limitation, significance of the study, and definition of terms.

Background Information

Accessibility of good quality food on a sustainable basis has become a global life-threatening
problem. Iron oxide rust nanoparticles has proficient role in increasing the growth, development
and enhancement of the stress tolerance of plants and provision of nutrients eliminating the awful
effects of food shortage, heavy metal contamination, and other abiotic stresses (Azmar,
M.,2018). Iron-oxide nano particles also an essential element for the suitable functioning of
many metabolic and enzymatic processes related to electron transport, nitrogen fixation,
synthesis of DNA and hormones synthesis, therefore plays an important role in plant metabolism
(Fernandez et al., 2008)

Water that leaves a public utility's treatment plant travels through pipes that may be rusted or
cracked. When this happens, the clean water is contaminated with rust or whatever material it
comes in contact with. In a study done by the New York Times, over 49 million people between
2004 and 2009 received contaminated water. If you have a wound in your mouth or your
immune system is compromised, do not consume water that appears to be contaminated. Many
people associate rust with tetanus, and so are especially concerned about contracting this disease
if exposed to rust. However, tetanus infects people through deep wounds, not through ingestion.
Tetanus is bacteria present in dirt as well as rust and people are exposed to it every day,
especially in agricultural work, without becoming infected (Noble, S., 2017).
On the other hand, banana peel on soil compost pile helps add calcium, magnesium, sulfur,
phosphates, potassium, and sodium, all of which are important in flowering and fruiting plants
(Mclntosh, 2019). Another component that can be considered as good for plant is ground coffee
which gives the plant nitrogen but the excessiveness of it may increase the acidity of plants and
makes it stunt(Rhoades,H.,2018). Fertilizer product covers nitrogen, potassium, and phosphate.
Therefore the combination of these components is highly recommended to improve the
efficiency of the plant and prevent the excessive use of chemical that can lead to decrease the
nutrient content of the soil.
 It is relevant to other fertilizers on farm because this study aims to make a fertilizer out of rust
that is also accompanied by organic materials (banana peel and coffee grounds) that was already
used by other farmers. Locally coffee grounds that is rich in nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and
other minerals was used as organic fertilizer through directly applying small amount of it to the
top soil and due to its strong odor, it also acts as an insect repellant (Santos, 2017).
Banana peel and ground coffee are separately used as fertilizers to plant but recommended to
be combined with other organic fertilizers to be modified for maintaining the plants needs of
nutrient since coffee grounds component that releases nitrogen over a period of time (Rhoades,
H.,2018 and Adrija et al.,2018).
We, the researchers will make a prototype that can contains the main components of a good
fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) to ensure the efficiency of the chosen plant
which is tomato and the successfulness of the product is applicable to all types of plant.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the exact formulation of liquify rust, banana peel and coffee
grounds fertilizer to the physical growth of a tomato plant. Specific questions that the researcher
aims to answer are the following:
1. Which formulation of liquid fertilizer has most numbers of leaves, height, and leaves width?
2. What is the most effective fertilizer to use in planting tomato?
Hypotheses
The combination of liquify rust, banana peel and coffee grounds with different portion can
affect to the physical growth of tomato.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted in Cagayan de Oro City. During 2019 to 2020 academic school
year. This experiment will study the processes of using Liquid rust fertilizer with organic
fertilizers specifically banana peel and ground coffee and tomato plant is set to be the sample of
this study. It is limited only to the physical growth of plant specifically tomato plant. And the
effectiveness of liquid fertilizer will only be based on numbers of leaves and its width, and
height which will be observed every week. Moreover the reason of selecting the sample is that it
is one of most planted vegetables in the locality of Cagayan de Oro City.
Significance of the Study

This study will be significant to farmers/gardeners, agricultural company and future researchers.

1. Gardeners/ Farmers - study will help them to improve the quality of their product, save
time with their work, and get a higher profit.
2. Agricultural Company- This study will help them to give a good service to their
customers by giving them high quality products.
3. Future Researchers-This study can serve as a reference for future studies and take into
account any revisions.

Definition of Terms

For clarity of ideas, the following terms are defined according to how they are used in the study:

Iron-oxides nano particles also known as rust, act solute in the liquid fertilizer that is one of the
components of enzymes necessary in plant growth.
Banana peel is an organic component mixed with rust and coffee grounds that produces
potassium, phosphorus and calcium necessary for healthy growth of plant.
Coffee grounds is a coffee waste use as organic fertilizer that primarily releases nitrogen in plant
growth/ soil.
Organic fertilizers are fertilizer made with organic materials such as manure, kitchen
biodegradable waste and other organic material.
Cellulace is a producing bacteria.