EINDRA

Physiology
Class Test Question Collection
1/2019 Batch
 Physiology Eindra

Class Test Question Collection

No Topic Page Number

1. Cell Physiology 2

2. Physiology of Blood 3

3. Excitable Tissue 4

4. Autonomic Nervous System 5

5. Cardiovascular Physiology 6

6. Respiratory Physiology 7

7. Gastrointestinal Physiology 8

8. Renal Physiology 9

9. Endocrine Physiology 10

10. Reproductive Physiology 11

11. Central Nervous System 12

12. Skin & Thermoregulation 13

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Class Test Question Collection

Cell Physiology

UM -1

1. Describe the functions of cell membrane proteins. ( 10mks )

2. List the transport mechanisms in the body, giving one example for each. ( 10 mks )

3. Describe the transport of glucose across the biological membrane. ( 10mks )

UM -2

1. List the transport mechanisms across cell membrane and give a brief account on
secondary active transport. ( 8mks )

UMM

1. Describe how proteins are transported into and out of the cells. ( 10mks )

UMMG

1. What is negative feedback? State the significance of negative feedback

mechanisms. Give one example of negative feedback system in your body. ( 10mks )

2. Describe Na +-K +pump in terms of

a. Units making up the molecule

b. How it is functioning

c. What is the usefulness of this molecule

d. What will happen it is not working ? ( 10mks )

UMTG

1. Describe the transport function of cell membrane. ( 9mks )

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Physiology of Blood

UM -1

1. You accidentally cut your left index finger with a knife while preparing meal.

a. There is bleeding from the cut. What are the responses to stop the bleeding ?
Explain the mechanisms. ( 12mks )

b. You feel pain at the site of the cut. Explain how you perceive pain sensation (
with the aid of diagram ). ( 8mks )

2. Which nutritional factors are essential for erythropoiesis ? Why does the deficiency
of these factors lead to anaemia. ( 10mks )

UM -2

1. Describe physiological basis of anaemia and explain why anaemia occurs in renal
failure. ( 8mks )

2. Define haemostasis. Describe any one of the four main systems involved in
haemostasis. ( 9mks )

3. Add notes on Natural or Innate Immunity ( 5mks )

UMM

1. State the role of non-granulocytes in the defense of the body against the
infections.(12mks)

2. Write notes on importance of ABO blood grouping. ( 10mks )

3. Add note on Anaemia in renal failure. ( 5mks )

UMMG

1. Define haemostasis. Describe role of platelets in haemostasis. ( 10mks )

UMTG

1. Describe the control of erythropoiesis. ( 8mks )

2. Write a short account on fibrinolytic system. ( 7mks )

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Excitable Tissues

UM -1

1. Draw and label action potential of a neuron, and state ionic basis of the spike
potential. (10mks )

2. Describe how nerve impulse is transmitted from somatic motor nerve ending to
myofibrils of the skeletal muscle. ( 10mks )

3. Compare and contrast the types of muscle contraction found in the leg while running
and in the arm while lifting weight. ( 10mks )

4. Add notes on

a. Refractory period

b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum ( 10mks )

UM -2

1. Explain positive and negative feedbacks in action potential of a neuron. ( 9mks )

2. Add notes on Saltatory conduction. ( 5mks )

UMM

1. With the help of diagram discuss about the Excitation – Contraction coupling of
skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. ( 12mks )

2. Add note on Compound action potential. ( 5mks )

UMMG

1. Outline the process of conduction of nerve impulse in unmyelinated axon. ( 10mks )

2. Describe the molecular basis of muscle contraction in cardiac muscle. ( 10mks )

UMTG

1. State the operation of positive feedback mechanism and negative feedback

mechanism in the genesis of action potential of neuron. ( 8mks )

2. List the sequence of events during the skeletal muscle contraction. ( 10mks )

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3. Draw and label the prepotential and action potential in the SA node. ( 5mks )

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Autonomic Nervous System ( ANS )

UM – 1

1. Compare and contrast

a. Muscarinic repectors and nicotinic receptors ( 5mks )

b. Noradrenergic effect and cholinergic effect on cardiovascular system. ( 5mks

)

UM -2

1. A known asthmatic with peripheral vascular disease ( vasoconstriction in skeletal

muscles is having tachycardia ( very rapid heart rate ). Would you give drugs that
block beta adrenergic receptors to reduce heart rate ? Give reasons. ( 6mks )

UMM

1. What is cholinergic neurone? State the cholinergic receptors and their effects. (
10mks )

UMMG

1. Add notes on

a. Cholinergic neuron ( 5mks )

b. The Reflex Arc ( 5mks )

2. Compare the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. (

9mks )

3. State the effects of sympathetic stimulation. ( 9mks )

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Cardiovascular Physiology

UM -1

1. Describe the role of medullary centers in regulation of arterial blood pressure. (

10mks )

2. Describe the factors increasing stroke volume. ( 10mks )

UM -2

1. Describe the neural control of heart activities. ( 10mks )

2. Describe the haemodynamic changes that occur during ventricular systole. ( 10mks
)

UMM

1. Describe how the homeostatic mechanisms operate to maintain the arterial blood
pressure when it falls below the lower limit of normal. ( 12 mks )

2. Draw and label the waves, segments, and intervals of a normal ECG and state the
underlying electrical events. ( 10mks )

3. List the causes of generalized odema. Explain why patient with heart failure usually
presents with ankle odema. ( 13mks )

UMMG

1. Stroke volume increases in response to isotonic ( rhythmic or dynamic ) exercise but

it changes very little in isometric ( static ) exercise. Explain the difference in terms of
preload and afterload. ( 10mks )

2. Define Blood Pressure. Describe how the baroreceptor reflex operates to bring down
the arterial blood pressure when it rises above the normal. ( 12.5mks )

UMTG

1. Draw and label a normal typical electrocardiogram. ( 6.5mks )

State the underlying electrical event of P wave, QRS complex, PR interval, ST

segment and T wave. ( 2mks )

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2. What are the causes of Oedema ? ( 8mks )

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Respiratory Physiology

UM -1

1. What are the effects of surfactant deficiency ? ( 10mks )

2. What is normal arterial Pco2 level ? Explain how arterial Pco2 level is regulated in the
body. ( 10mks )

UM -2

1. Role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration. ( 12.5mks )

2. Define Hypoxia. What are the types and causes of hypoxia ? ( 10mks )

UMM

1. Explain why an infant born prematurely in gestational week 32 has Infant Respiratory
Distress Syndrome ( IRDS ) ? ( 10mks )

2. Describe the ventilation and perfusion and their relationship at various lung zones.(
10mks )

UMMG

1. Describe the role of surfactant in functions of respiratory system. ( 10mks )

2. Explain how an increase in arterial Pco2 stimulates the respiration. ( 10mks )

UMTG

1. Explain about the role of respiratory chemoreceptors in the regulation of respiration.

( 11.5mks )

2. Add note on FEV1 / FVC ratio. ( 7mks )

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Gastrointestinal Physiology

UM -1

1. Describe the mechanism of HCl secretion and factors influencing HCl secretion. (
10mks )

2. ( a ) What is mucosal barrier? What are the factors important for integrity of mucosal
barrier ?

( b ) Explain why those who frequently take Non-steroidal Anti-analgesic and

Anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAID ) usually have Peptic Ulceration . ( 10mks )

UM -2

1. Describe , with diagram, the mechanism of formation of HCL in the oxyntic cell. (
10mks )

2. Add notes on

a. Secretin ( 5mks )

b. Peristalsis ( 5mks )

UMM

1. Describe the mechanism of gastric HCL secretion. From this knowledge how would
you reduce the HCL secretion in a case of gastric hyperacidity. ( 10mks )

UMMG

1. Enumerate the gastrointestinal hormones that involve in pancreatic exocrine

secretions. Describe how these hormones regulate the pancreatic exocrine
secretions. ( 10mks )

2. Add notes on

a. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia ( 5mks )

b. Gastroduodenal pump ( 5mks )

UMTG

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1. Write a short account on the control of gastric juice secretion. ( 9mks )

2. Explain about the fat absorption in the small intestine. ( 8mks )

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Renal Physiology

UM -2

1. Can urine formation occur at systemic arterial pressure of 60/40 mmHg ? Give
reasons. ( 10mks )

2. Does the renal plasma threshold for glucose change in diabetes mellitus ?

Discuss the renal handling of glucose in a person suffering from uncontrolled

diabetes mellitus. ( 10mks )

UMM

1. Describe the role of the Starling forces on GFR and Na + reabsorption. ( 10mks )

2. Describe the role of kidney in regulation of blood pH. ( 10mks )

UMMG

1. Define GFR. Explain the condition of ‘’ Anuria ‘’ with reference to altered renal
function. ( 10mks )

2. Explain how kidneys regulate the ECF volume for homeostasis. ( 12.5mks )

UMTG

1. Describe the renal handling of Na +. ( 8mks )

2. State the functions of kidneys. ( 8mks )

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Endocrine Physiology

UM -2

1. Describe about the Grave’s disease. ( 10mks )

2. State the normal range of plasma calcium level. Describe how plasma calcium level
is regulated. ( 10mks )

UMM

1. List the hormones produced from adrenal gland. Explain why adrenal cortex is
essential for life. ( 10mks )

2. Explain the consequences of hypoparathyroidism.

UMMG

1. Compare and contrast the cardiovascular actions of noradrenaline and adrenaline. (

7mks )

2. List the anabolic hormones. Explain the actions of Any One. ( 12mks )

UMTG

1. Why is adrenal cortex essential for life ? ( 9mks )

2. Explain about the regulation of plasma Ca2 +. ( 8mks )

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Reproductive Physiology

UM -2

1. Outline the sequences of hormonal changes that leads to ovulation. ( 10mks )

2. Add notes on

a. Characteristics of ejaculated human semen. ( 7.5mks )

b. Penis at 12 syndrome. ( 5mks )

UMM

1. Give an account of the role of neuroendocrine reflexes in reproduction. ( 10mks )

2. Outline the sequence of hormonal changes that leads to ovulation. ( 10mks )

UMMG

1. Explain how positive feedback mechanism play a role in female reproduction. (

11mks )

2. Add notes on

a. SIADH ( 5mks )

b. Lactational Amenorrhoea ( 5mks )

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Central Nervous System

UM-1

1. You accidentally cut your left index finger with a knife while preparing meal.

a. There is bleeding from the cut. What are the responses to stop the bleeding ?
Explain the mechanisms. ( 12mks )

b. You feel pain at the site of the cut. Explain how you perceive pain sensation (
with the aid of diagram ). ( 8mks )

2. Explain ( with the diagram ) how tapping of biceps muscle tendon causes flexion of
elbow joint. ( 10mks )

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Skin & Thermoregulation

UM -1

1. The weather is humid. A group of 2nd MBBS male students are playing football on the
lawn. Doing physical activity increases body metabolism resulting in an increase in
body temperature. Discuss the physiological responses of the body regarding body
temperature regulation in these students. ( 10mks )

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