UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

KABACAN, COTABATO

GRADUATE SCHOOL

Detailed Lesson Plan

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. identify the different kinds of bacteria;

2. draw the different shapes of bacteria;
3. appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Bacteria
B. Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bact
eria_02.ppt
b. Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-
microbes/bacteria
c. Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved
fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
C. Materials: visual aids (mp and pictures)
D. Skills: drawing
E. Values: appreciation, patience
F. Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it
has more benefits to humans and the environment.

III.Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities (take 5 mins)

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review (this will take 5 mins)

Before we proceed to our lesson, Sir bacteria and protozoa.

let’s have a review about unicellular
organism. Can you give me an
example of a unicellular organism?

Very good, what else? Sir, unicellular algae and unicellular

fungi or yeasts.
 Yes. That’s correct! And why are Sir because they are single-celled
they called unicellular organism? organism. From the root word uni
which means one or single.

Very good. These unicellular

organisms are single-celled and
also called prokaryotes. Now, do
you have any idea if what is the Sir Bacteria!
smallest type of unicellular
organism?

You’re right!

C. Motivation (this will take 10 mins)

Class, I have here a picture which

shows different words that are
related to bacteria. I want you to (students choose a word and explain)
choose one word and use it to
describe or define bacteria.

(show picture)

D. Developmental Activities
(this will take 20 mins)

Okay class, since we already

describe and define bacteria; let us
now study the different shapes of
bacteria. Look at this photo
Sir , the white colored bacterium has a
carefully and tell me the shape of
round shape.
each bacterium. (show picture)

Very good. What else?

Sir the bacterium on the center has a
rod shape.

Sir it is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Correct. And the last one?

Yes. Very good. These are the

three basic shapes; rod shaped
called bacilli, round shaped called
cocci and the spiral shaped also
called spirillum. Some exist as
single cells, others are clustered
together.

Do you think bacteria are alive?

Yes Sir
Why do you think so?
Sir because the bacteria can
reproduce.
You’re right. Very good! What else
Sir because they eat.
can make you think that a
bacterium is alive?
Yes. What else? Sir because the bacteria can move.

Sir they use their flagella to move.

Very good. What do they use to
move?

Yes. Most motile bacteria move by

the use of flagella There are helical
bacteria which have a specialized
internal structure known as the
axial filament which is responsible
for rotation of the cell in a spiral
fashion and consequent locomotion
and others are gliding bacteria.
Sir they reproduce through binary
Since we said a while ago that a fission wherein they multiply through
bacteria can reproduce, do you division.
have any idea how they reproduce?
Sir through conjugation, wherein the
Very good. There is one more way cilia of the bacterium connects to other
on how bacteria reproduce, what is cilia of a bacterium then transfers
it? genetic material to another.

Sir some make their own food from

You’re right! Now, what do you sunlight, like the photosynthetic
think do they eat? bacteria.

Sir some are scavengers like the

Yes. Another? bacteria in our stomach which eat what
we eat.

Sir some bacteria eat other bacteria

Correct! What else? which are also called pathogens.

Sir bacteria that make us sick.

Very good! So what are

pathogens? Do you have any idea? Sir they produce poisons that result in
fever, headache, vomiting, and
And how do they make you sick? diarrhea and destroy body tissue.

Sir through direct contact with people

who are sick.
Correct! Where do you get a
pathogen? Sir from food, Water, or other surfaces
that are contaminated.
Yes, what else?
Yes Sir . For example, you could
become infected if you come into
Is it also possible that you get contact with equipment that has
infected through indirect contact? been touched by an ill person.
How?

Sir some pathogenic bacteria rely on

 insect carriers such as mosquitoes,
Yes. What else? fleas, lice or ticks to move from host to
host.

No Sir.

Very good! Are all bacteria

pathogens? Sir not all bacteria are pathogenic
because there are some types of
Why? Explain further. bacteria that help with digestion and
also used as ingredients of some foods
like cheese for fermentation.

Sir it is also used for production of

antibiotics and the photosynthetic
Correct. Anymore more idea? bacteria produces oxygen.

Very well said! Can you give some

example of helpful bacteria as we Sir , one is Pediococcus which is used
have said a while ago that not all in production of fermented meats.
bacteria are pathogenic and some
are helpful? So what are these
helpful bacteria? Sir Lactobacillus casei which is found
in human intestines and mouth to
Yes. What else? improve digestion.

Sir Leuconostoc cremoris which is

used in the production of buttermilk
Anymore? and sour cream.

Sir Lactobacillus bulgaricus which is

used in the production of yogurt and
No more? cheese.

Sir Pathogenic E. coli which is found in

ground beef, contaminated fruits and
Very good. Do you know some vegetables.
common pathogens?
Sir Salmonella which is found in raw
meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit and
Yes. What else? vegetables

Sir Listeria which is Found in deli

foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
Correct. What else? vegetables.

Sir washing our hands often will avoid

the transfer of bacteria to our mouth or
You’re right. So what can we do to food.
prevent or avoid these pathogenic
bacteria? Sir food should be cook thoroughly to
kill any pathogens that may be in the
Yes. What else? food.

Sir let us store food properly to limit


Correct. Anymore?
Very good!
E. Application (this will take 5 mins)
Direction: Bring out a piece of bond
paper and draw the different
shapes of bacteria.
F. Generalization (this will take 5 mins)
Okay class, let’s have a recap on
what we have discussed today.
What are bacteria?
What are the different shapes of
bacteria?
What are the evidences or proof
that bacteria are alive?
What are pathogens?
How do we get pathogens?
What are the examples of good
bacteria?
What are the common pathogenic
bacteria?
How can we avoid pathogenic
bacteria?
Very good!
pathogen growth.
(students will now draw)
Sir bacteria are the smallest unicellular
organism.
Sir the rod shaped called bacilli, round
shaped called cocci and the spiral
shaped also called spirillum.
Sir they move, reproduce and eat.
Sir the bacteria that make us sick.
Sir through direct and indirect contact
with other people. And also from the
contaminated foods, water and
surfaces.
Sir Pediococcus which is used in
production of fermented meats,
Lactobacillus casei which is found in
human intestines and mouth to
improve digestion, Leuconostoc
cremoris which is used in the
production of buttermilk and sour
cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
which is used in the production of
yogurt and cheese.
Sir Pathogenic E. coli which is found in
ground beef, contaminated fruits and
vegetables, Salmonella which is found
in raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts,
fruit and vegetables and Listeria which
is Found in deli foods, lunch meats,
smoked fish and vegetables.
Sir we should wash our hands often,
food should be cook thoroughly and
food should be stored properly to avoid
pathogenic bacteria.
IV. Evaluation (this will take 5 mins)

Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is
beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)

1. Pediococcus
2. Pathogenic E. coli
3. Lactobacillus casei
4. Salmonella
5. Leuconostoc cremoris
6. Listeria
7. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

V. Assignment

Read about multicellular organism.

Prepared by:

Lexter Gabica, LPT, RN

MST - Biology

Presented to:

Dr. Eva May Garcia

Professor
Photo used in Motivation:

Photo used in the developmental activity: Identification of shapes.