I.

PURPOSE

Find out the way and learn how to make Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO).

Find out the way and learn how to make transparent soap from coconut oil.

II. PRINCIPLE

1. Make Virgin coconut oil

To get oil with the way of separation use separation funnel for 1 hour until the skim
and cream separate, and then heat the mixture with hot plate at temperature 55-75°C
until get the VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil).

2. Make Transparent Soap

Fat or oil can be hydrolyzed by an alkaline solutions into salt from fatty acids which
know everyday as soap. This hydrolyzed is called saponification. Saponification
reaction using alkali is tryglyceride reaction with alkali (NaOH or KOH) which
produces soap and glycerin. Saponification reaction :

C3H5(COOR) + 3NaOH C3H15(OH)3 + 3RCOONa

(Tryglyceride) (Alkali) (Glycerin) (Soap)

The soap making or saponification reaction produces soap as the main product and
glycerin as a by-product.

III. TOOLS AND MATERIALS Materials :

Tools : 1. Coconut 500g
1. Beaker Glass 1000mL (1 piece) 2. Water 500mL
2. Beaker Glass 500mL (1 piece) 3. NaOH 0,1N
3. Beaker Glass 300mL (1 piece) 4. Oxalic acid
4. Beaker Glass 100mL (2 pieces) 5. Fenolftalein indicator

5. Glass Funnel 100mL (2 pieces) 6. Stearic acid

6. Measuring Glass 100mL (1 piece) 7. Sugar

7. Separation Funnel 1000mL (1 piece) 8. Glycerin

8. Pycnometer 10mL (1 piece) 9. Ethanol 95%

9. Watch glass (1 piece) 10. Vco (Barco)

10. Erlenmeyer 250mL ( 2 pieces)

11. Burette 50mL (1 piece)

12. Drops pipette (1 piece)

13. Volumetric pipette 10mL (1 piece)

14. Stirring Rod (1 piece)

15. Thermometer (1 piece)

16. Klem & Statif (1 piece)

17. Hot plate (1 piece)

18. Analytical balance (1 piece)

19. Food Balance (1 piece)

20. Rice Spoon (1 piece)

21. Container (1 piece)

22. Filter fabric ( 1 piece)

23. Spatula ( 1 piece)

24. Soap molds ( 1 piece)

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Make Virgin Coconut Oil

Prepare materials rasp

coconut 500g
(1 coconut)

Squeezing with using

filter fabric

Squeeze the coconut

and add water 500mL

Put the coconut milk

into the separation
funnel ± 1 hour

Separate cream layer

with open separation
funnel’s kran
 Put cream into beaker glass
and heating with hot plate
at temperature 55-75°C

Then heat until get

blondo / oil waste
(colorless) separate it

Filtrat with filter paper and

heat it with water bath at
temperature 60-75°C

2. Standardizition 0,1N NaOH with Oxalic Acid

Take 10mL oxalic acid for

titration with NaOH

Added fenolftalein indicator

enough

Titration with NaOH 0,1N

 Titration twice (Duplo)

3. FFA Test (Free Fatty Acid)

Take 10mL Virgin Coconut Oil

Added 50mL hot ethanol

Added two drops of

fenolftaein indicator

Titration with 0,1N NaOH

 4. Density Test

Weighing empty pycnometer

Added VCO to pycnometer

Weighing pycnometer with

VCO

Note it. Calculation the

density of VCO

5. Make Transparent Soap

Mix 25mL of VCO with 7,35M

NaOH (5 grams NaOH
dissolved in 17mL H2O)
 Heat on hot plate while
stirring at 60°C - 70°C for 20
minutes

Cool the mixture and melt 15g

of stearic acid

Added stearic acid that has

been melted while continuing
to stir

Heat again on the hot plate

while continuing stir

Added 20 mL ethnol and

added 20mL glycerin
 Cool the mixture, then add
15g sugar dissolved in 15mL of
aquadest

Chill to 60°C then add coloring

Put the soap mixture in the

mold

Put the soap mixture in the

mold

Let stand until solid for 10

minutes

Organoleptic test like pH test

and etc.
IV. OBSERVATION DATA

1. VCO Data

A. Weighing Data

No. Material Name Material Weight

1. Coconut 500 g

B. Experiment Data

No. Trial Results

1. Sequeeze grated coconut into 720ml of coconut milk is obtained
coconut milk
2. Separate layers of cream and Obtaineed 2 layers
skim in separating funnel
3. Separating cream and skim into Obtained 175ml cream and 500ml skim
beaker glass
4. Heat the cream until it releases The oil is separate from cream
the oil, temperature between 55-
75˚C
5. Filter coconut oil by filtering 3 Obtained golden yellow coconut oil
levels
6. Coconut oil Obtained 46ml
 C. Titration Data

1. Standardization Sodium Hydroxide 0,1 N with Oxalic Acid 0,1 N

NO. Sample Start Last Volume Titration

Volume Volume
1. Oxalic Acid 0ml 11ml 11ml
2. Oxalic Acid 11ml 22,3ml 11,3ml
Mean Volume = 11,15ml

2, FFA Test

NO. Sample Start Volume Last Volume Titration Volume

1. VCO 22,3ml 23,5ml 1,2ml

D. Density Data

NO. Sample w empty pycnometer w pycnometer + Sample w sample

1. Aquadest 14,29g 26,68g 12,39g
2. VCO 14,32g 25,62g 11,30g

2. Transparent soap Data

A. Weighing Data

NO. Materials W empty watch glass W watch glass + materials W materials

1. Sodium Hydroxide 27,8733g 32,9032g 5,0299g
2. Stearat Acids 50,10g 65,10g 15g
3. Sugar 48,97g 68,97g 20g
 B. Experiment Data

No. Trial Results

1. Heat up the mixture of vco and mixture The starts to thick and mix
NaOH for 20 minutes
2. Add stearic acid solution The mixture is more thicken
3. Add 20ml ethanol The mixture starts to clot
4. Add 20ml glycerin The mixture starts to melt and clear
5. Add 20g sugar dissolved in 15ml The mixture be clean and obtained
aquadest,add green food coloring green mixture
6. Print on soap molds Obtained soap that is not transparent
enough and obtained ph 9

V. CALCULATION

1. Concentration Oxalic Acid

Know : w oxalic acid : 0,6350g

Volum : 10mL

BE H2C2O4.2H2O : 63g/mL

Ask : N H2C2O4.2H2O :?

Answer : N= mass(g)/BE x 1000/V(mL)

N=0,6350g/63 x 1000/100

N= 0,01008 x 10

N= 0,1008N

2. Standardization NaOH with Oxalic Acid

 Know : V NaOH : 11,15mL

N oxalic acid : 0,1008N

V oxalic acid : 10mL

Ask : N NaOH :?

Answer : V1. N1(NaOH) = V2. N2(Oxalic acid)

11,15ml x N1= 10ml x 0,1008N

N1 = 10ml x 0,1008/11,15

N1 = 0,0904N

3. FFA (Free Fatty Acid)

Know : NNaOH : 0,0904N

VNaOH :1,2ml

Mvco :10ml

Ask : %FFA=?

Answer : %FFA= 0,0904 x 1,4 x 200 /10 x 1000 x 100%

=25,312/10000 x 100%

= 0,25%

4. Density

Know :W1akuades :14,29g W2akudes : 26,68g

W1vco : 14,32g W2vco : 25,32g
Density of water :1
Ask : Density ?
 Answer : -W1= 26,68g-14,29g -W2= 25,62g-14,32g

W1= 12,39g W2= 11,30g

℘= W/V

= (W2-W1)VCO / (W2-W1)WATER X ℘water

= 11,30 / 12,39 X 1

℘= 0,9120 g/mL

VI. DISCUSSION

Practicum this time is making virgin coconut oil with testing FFA and making
transparent soap. Practicum this time have purpose to find out and learn how to make VCO
with testing FFA and make transparent soap.

Virgin coconut oil is oil which made from coconut fresh and processed by heating
methods. Meanwhile transparent soap is soap which made from coconut oil. In process
make virgin coconut oil before heating process, coconut milk put in separation funnel to
separate skim and cream. During heating process, themperature must be maintained so that
the color of oil not murky, and also keep stirring so that not burn. After heating process the
oil is put into the glass funnel with filter paper so that oil can be filtered from the blondo.
What my group get in this practicum is the oil not crystal clear but the oil is yellow.

Testing FFA is step should we do until we get the oil. Before start, do
standardization NaOH 0,1N with Oxalic acid with titration methods and did it twice
(duplo). And then testing FFA which is titration the VCO with NaOH. %FFA we get in
this practicum is 0,24%. Beside testing FFA we also should testing the density and etc
about transparent soap.
 Transparent soap is soap which made from coconut oil, and in practicum this time
the oil is used is instant coconut oil with merk barco. First step is weighting all the
materials ,which is NaOH, sugar, and stearic acid, beside it things we also should prepare
other materials like coconut oil, ethanol, sugar, sodium hydroxide, and glycerin. In process
make transparent soap themperature must be maintaned during heating process between
55-70degree celcius.

In making transparent soap, all materials to be used should be prepared first.

Because it’s can take effect to the transparent soap. According this practicum the
transparent soap my group get is almost transparent and the soap has pH 9.

VII. CONCLUSION

Based on practicum this time, can be concluded that the ALB level of vco is
0.25% and the density is 0,9120g/mL and from transparent soap has a pH of 9 and the
soap is almost transparent.
COVER