5G Trends & Technologies

September 4th , 2018

Joonsung Lee, PhD
Head of Advanced Technology Center in Korea, Nokia Bell labs
1
1 © Nokia 2018
CONTENTS

1 2 3 4
Recap 5G story &5G Commercial Massive MIMO Advanced
View Technology

2 © Nokia 2018
Nokia 5G (and IoT) Activities in South Korea

5G Standard 5G Customer
Collaborations
Advanced
Technology
Industry Forums/Organizations
Center in KOREA Seminars & Workshops
since 2015 Collaborations

5G Research 5G Trials & Commercial

Deliver 5G demos & trials
Collaborative Research with
along the way towards 5G
Korean Academies & Industry
field trial in 2018 Winter
being explored
Olympic Games,
Commercial launch 2019.1H

3 © Nokia 2018
Korea Customer Engagement Highlight

Active engagement: cmWave, Radio Cloud, and more

• cmWave demonstration (2015.10) : 256QAM, 8X8, 19.1Gbps
• Technical support to TSA (2016.03~)
• Cloud RAN demo (2016.08)
• to demonstrate 5G system/service during 2018 Winter Olympic
• Commercial deal now

Active engagement: cmWave, LTE-M/IoT, Radio Cloud, and 5G SIG

• Strong contributor for KT 5G SIG
• Active member for 5G development forum
• NB-IoT world first demonstration (2016.10)
• to demonstrate 5G system/service at 2018 Winter Olympic
• Commercial deal now

Active engagement : Giga project by Korea government

• cmWave demonstration (2016.03) : 3D-Beamforming
• 5G telematics application cooperation (2017.03)
• Good relationship with LG U+ and LG Electronics relationship for UE
• Commercial deal now

4 © Nokia 2018
360°VR Omni View

5G Services Verified at Test Event

5G
5
Bus
© Nokia 2018
Sync View
 Require 400Mbps for a 360° VR & Time Slice Service

6 © Nokia 2018
Differentiation in Experience

7 © Nokia 2018
 5G Bus

Transparent Display/AR

5G Control Screen

8 © Nokia 2018
360 VR
5G 28GHz : handover demonstration with Verizon

https://www.verizon.com/about/news
/5g-move-verizon-and-nokia-
complete-first-5g-nr-mobility-call

• 5G 28GHz
• Using 5G AirScale gNB and Nokia test device
• Handover between two sectors.

9 © Nokia 2018
5G 3.5GHz : 1.4Gbps DL throughput demonstration with China Mobile

• 5G 3.5GHz
• Using 5G AirScale gNB and Prisma UE
• Single user DL peak throughput of
1.4Gbps
• Based on 2.5ms China Frame Structure
(DDDSUDDSUU)

https://www.nokia.com/en_int/about-us/news-events/newsroom/nokia-and-cmcc-successfully-demonstrated-5g-single-user-
downlink-peak-throughput-of-14gbps?utm_source=PR&utm_medium=social&utm_content=Hootsuite

10 © Nokia 2018
Japan: 5G Spectrum Candidate – Sub 6 bands (3.7GHz & 4.5GHz)
500MHz 300MHz 80MHz

3600 4100 4200 4400 4500 4820 4900

5G Candidates GB GB GB

3400 3480

4G 4G
New 4500 4800 5000
Existing Systems
Satellite System Radar Altimeter Public Commercial
5GB Sys
Radio (Self-defense)

3400 3600

SB DCM DCM KDDI SB

3.7GHz band: 4.5GHz band:

• Total 500MHz BW with many restriction
• Severe restriction due to interference with Satellite System.
• Macro restricted for dense urban areas (Kanto, Chubu, Kinki),
only rural area
• Limited to Small Cell for most of dense urban areas
• Min. 100MHz GB required with Radar Altimeter System
• Total 300MHz BW with restriction. 80MHz could also have restriction
subject to prior coordination with Public Commercial Radio operator
• Macro restricted for the band being used by Public Com Radio (PCR).
Only indoor solution could be allowed with conditions.
• Min. 100MHz GB required with Radar Altimeter System
• At least 20MHz GB required with PCR

11 © Nokia 2018
Japan: 5G Spectrum Candidate – mmWave (28GHz)

2500MHz

5G Candidates 27GHz 29.5GHz

25.25GHz 27.5

FIXED Radio Access Low Power

Data Com.

Inter Satellite Communication

Existing Systems 31GHz

Earth Resource Satellite Satellite System

25.5

Observation (Current View) :

• Some coordination with Satellite System will be needed.
• High possibility to locate many ‘Very Small Aperture Terminal (Portable Earth Station) in 5G areas. In this cases, the operation with same
spectrum could be restricted and coordination among operators will be required individually.
• Other than that there is no major blocker identified.

12 © Nokia 2018
China 5G Spectrum – current understanding

New 5G ID 100MHz
ID+OD ID+OD ID+OD ID+OD
Not issued 100MHz 100MHz 100MHz 100MHz
3300 3400 3500 3600 4800 4900 5000
High chance CTC+CUC High chance CMCC+CTC+CUC

Current CUC CMCC 60MHz CTC

2555 2575 2635 2655
Few usage Few usage

New 5G
CMCC 165MHz
Not issued
2515 2575 2635 2675/2680

NR D3 D3 D3 NR

100 MHz (NR + TD-LTE) dual mode 20MHz 45MHz (empty no

NR (100, 80, 60M) ,TD-LTE (20, 40) TD-LTE use in stage 1)

13 © Nokia 2018
CONTENTS

1 2 3 4
Recap 5G story &5G Commercial Massive MIMO Advanced
View Technology

14 © Nokia 2018
3GPP RAN Release 15 – early drop ASN.1 frozen & new late drop added in RAN79

2017 2018 2019

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

… 5G Release 15
NEW
 5G NR NSA  5G NR SA  Late drop
completion completion 5G NSA
architectures
4 and 7
NEW

5G NR NSA 5G NR SA 5G late drop

ASN.1 ASN.1 ASN.1

 5G Release 16 …

15 © Nokia 2018
Nokia 5G RAN Architecture
Towards 4G
1 5 X2
Classical BTS Stand alone solution
for small scale 5G
Adaptive antenna Non cloud or virtualized

1 2
Cloud BTS Radios connected via
vRAN1.0 AirScale to radio cloud F1 Core Cloud –
Adaptive Airscale Data Center
Towards 4G
antenna RealTime BB
X2
Cloud Radios connect directly 4
3
Optimized to radio cloud – RT function E1
F1
BTS embedded in the AAS
Adaptive antenna +
L2RT BB Data Center or
Edge Cloud

Full Cloud BTS Radios connected directly 1

vRAN2.0 to radio cloud Edge Cloud –

RT enabled
LTE PoC ongoing Adaptive antenna

1 Adaptive Antenna 2 Airscale System module w. real-time baseband 3 Airframe with 5G VNF (non-realtime baseband)
Ethernet CPRI or Ethernet
4 Cloud optimized 5G RF + 5 Airscale System module w. real-time and non-real-time baseband
antenna (w. L1, L2 RT )

16 © Nokia 2018
 High Availability thanks to stateless VNFs

Common Data Layer (shared data layer) Stateless VNF machines

Real-time analytics

RAN optimization States & data

and Mobile Edge 3rdparty registration – session – subscriber
Computing service Smart Travel
VNF business logic

Data Export API’s

VoLTE data IoT data Other data Smart Living

• Radically simplified architecture

Subscriber Session Operational Other
Data Data Data Data • Plug & play installation
Standard Protocol API (e.g. LDAP, CQL) Smart City • Extreme Resilience

17 © Nokia 2018
E2E service delivery platform with E2E Network Slicing

SLICE 1 SLICE 2 SLICE 3

18 © Nokia 2018 (Latency) (Reliability) (Throughput)

AirScale SM Evolution Plan
5G
AirScale Baseband
Multi-RAT HW: 2G, 3G, 4G,
4.5G, 4.5G Pro, 4.9G
4G ,5G
• Common PIU (ASIA)
• Capacity PIU (ABIA)
• High capacity indoor
subrack (AMIA)
• High capacity outdoor
subrack (AMOB) 4G
• Basic capacity outdoor
subrack (AMOC)
• Throughput 10 Gbps
19 © Nokia 2018
*) ReefShark Technology based product
PIU = Plug-In Unit
5G BB 4G, 5G
• ASIK Common PIU
ASIK • ABIL* Capacity PIU
• Throughput 28 Gbps
3-fold 5G Capacity
ABIL*
• Common PIU*
• Capacity PIU*
3-fold 4G Capacity – sub3GHz 5G • Throughput 84 Gbps
• ASIB Common PIU (ASIB) with
2G/3G/4G/5G capability
ASIB
• ABIC* Capacity PIU with 2G/4G/5G
capability
ABIC*
• Throughput 15 Gbps
6 Tbps connectivity: AirScale
Compact all-in-one 4G BB System Module backplane
• ASOC* Outdoor Core Unit with
2G/4G capability
ASOC*
• Tower or rack mount
3Q/2018 - 2Q/2019 4Q/2019 and onwards
 5G NR RAN Product Highlights
• Nokia’s Radio portfolio brings a comprehensive set of efficient radio units
• RF Solutions range from mMIMO in 3.5GHz to millimeter Wave and include high power macro products and small
form factor ultra deployable
• AirScale system module high capacity supporting 5G & LTE
• Nokia is ready to start deploying 5G in 2018 with a strong roadmap expanding the product portfolio in 2019

mMIMO @ 3.5GHz Millimeter Wave @ 28GHz

Airscale Base Band

AEQN 28GHz Macro

32TRX AEQJ 28GHz Ultra
AEUA/B
64TRX Deployable
20 © Nokia 2018 AEUD+E
 3.5GHz Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna (MAA) Nokia Portfolio of
3.5GHz mMIMO Portfolio
3.5GHz Massive
Specification AEQA AEQN AEQJ (RFIC) MIMO Radios
Frequency range 3.3 – 3.6 MHz 3.4-3.7GHz 3.4-3.7GHz
Number of TX/RX paths 64T / 64R 32T/32R 64T/64R
MIMO Layers/Data Streams 16 8 16 • 64TRX with 16 layers for
Instantaneous Bandwidth IBW 100 MHz 100MHz 200MHz High Capacity Trial in 2018
Occupied Bandwidth OBW 100 MHz 100MHz 100MHz • 32TRX optimized for cost
Total Max EIRP 76dBm 71.5dBm 70.5dBm effective coverage
Antenna Physical / Logical (8,8,2) / (4,8,2) (6,8,2) / (6,8,2) (8,8,2) / (4,8,2)
• Small Form Factor 64 TRX
Horizontal steering angle 120° 120° 120°
for dense urban
Vertical steering angle 45° 45° 54°
Volume 62L 53L 30L
Weight (w/o mounting brackets) 40 kg 22.5Kg 23Kg
Supply Voltage -48VDC -48VDC -48VDC
Optical Ports 2 x QSFP+ 2x(4x9.8 Gbps) 2xSFP28 25Gbps 2xSFP28 25Gbps
Fronthaul Interface CPRI eCPRI eCPRI
Availability 5G18A 5G19(Q4 2018 target) 5G19A(Q2 2019 target)

AEQA AEQN AEQJ (RFIC)

21 © Nokia 2018
AEUD/E Nokia AirScale AAS 28 GHz 5G Ultra Deployable
5G Ultra Deployable hot spot capacity site solution mmW
Specification Details*
Frequency range 26.5 - 29.5GHz • Small form factor “ultra deployable”
Site Configurations AEUD for 180° Site Solution millimeter wave (mmW) radios
AEUD + AEUE for 360° Site Solution
• Designed to support 5G deployments in
Number of TX/RX paths 2T/2R very dense urban areas
Instantaneous Bandwidth IBW 800MHz
• Multiple deployment scenarios including 360
Occupied Bandwidth OBW 800MHz degrees coverage for pole mounting and
Total Average EIRP 51dBm 180 degrees for wall mount
Peak EIRP 61dBm
• eCPRI Fronthaul
Antenna Type / Polarization Phased array / horizontal and vertical polarity
Horizontal beamwidth ~ 10° (boresight)
Vertical beamwidth ~ 10° (boresight)
Horizontal steering angle (3 dB) 90° per phased array face
Horizontal steering angle (6 dB) 180° with two phased array faces AEWE
Vertical steering angle 22.5°
Volume AEWD: 10 L (AEWD), AEWE: 5 L
Weight AEWD: 22 lbs (10 kg) , AEWE: 15 lbs (7 kg)
AEWD
Supply Voltage AC 90 to 250 V
Fronthaul eCPRI
Optical Ports 2 x SFP28
22 © Nokia 2018
Availability 5G19
*Subject to change according to 3GPP 5G specifications and product optimization
Flexible Radio Architecture in 5G
100 MHz, 1-sector, 64TX/RX Massive MIMO, 16 MIMO Streams with no compression

CPRI eCPRI
BBU Layer 3 Layer 3

Layer 2 Layer 2

Layer 1 high Layer 1 high

Layer 1 low ~1.9 Gbps/stream

31 Gbps
5Gbps/antenna
320 Gbps
Layer 1 low

Antenna site RF RF

23 © Nokia 2018
 CPRI vs. eCPRI – Transport dimension
Number of links in 1 direction only
Higher
16TRX/100MHz/8 Layers ~Througput (Gbps) SFP QSFP SFP28
SFP
mMIMO 5G 16TRx CPRI 9.8 78.4 8 2
100MHz, 8 Layers CPRI 10.1 64.64 7 2
CPRI 9.8 compressed (factor 2 compression) 39.2 5 2
CPRI 10.1 compressed (f2) 32.32 4 1
CPRI 24.3 compressed (f2) 32.32 2 1
eCPRI 25.8 compressed 15.4 1 1 Gain vs CPRI 52.35%

Number of links in 1 direction only

Higher
64TRX/100MHz/16 Layers ~Througput SFP QSFP SFP28
SFP
CPRI 9.8 313.6 32 8
mMIMO 5G CPRI 10.1 258.56 26 7
64TRx 100MHz, 16 CPRI 9.8 compressed (f2) 158.6 20 5
CPRI 10.1 compressed 129.28 16 4
Layers CPRI 24.3 compressed 129.28 7 4
eCPRI 25.8 compressed 30.79 2 1 Gain vs CPRI 76.18%

In the most classic mMIMO 5G RF configurations, eCPRI Gain vs CPRI on transport is from >50% up to
~75%, over 80% if not compressed
24 © Nokia 2018
5G Chipset and Devices ecosystem
+ other OEM

Nokia collaborates with the lead chipset and

device manufacturers

 The first commercial chipsets will be available in

4Q2018, supporting Non-Standalone architecture and
mmWave and Sub6GHz frequency bands
 First commercial smartphones will be ready in 1H2019
(est.), to support the commercial deployment
 Standalone Architecture will be supported by
commercial chipsets in 2H2019.
 Flagship smartphones supporting multiple bands and
architectures, for volume markets, expected in 2020
 LowBand (<1GHz) chipsets availability in 2019 is under
evaluation, depending also on 3GPP progress

25 © Nokia 2018
CONTENTS

1 2 3 4
Recap 5G story &5G Commercial Massive MIMO Advanced
View Technology

26 © Nokia 2018
What is massive MIMO ?

Massive MIMO is the extension of traditional MIMO

technology to antenna arrays having a large number
(>>8) of controllable antennas

Required size and weight of massive MIMO < 2~30 liter,

below 20kg (one man lift condition)

The spatial domain is used more

Multi-antenna Spatial multiplexing (MIMO) and efficiently to focus the energy to
Beamforming techniques are combined in MU-MIMO the end users

TDD can utilize reciprocal channel with Release 9 (TM8)

devices. FDD uses Release 10 (TM9) or Release 13/14
(TM10) devices for feedback.

27 © Nokia 2018
Terminology - MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output, Multiantenna) Concepts

Antenna Element (AE): Transmits and receives an electromagnetic signal.

Beam: Spatial concentration of electromagnetic energy towards a given direction.
Two AEs in xPOL
• 1) A beam can be static (e.g. sector beam) (cross polarization)
arrangement.
• 2) Freely and dynamically configurable (as in user specific beamforming)
• 3) Configurable in discrete steps (e.g. grid of beams)
T (R): Transmit (Receive) path ≈ One Power (Low Noise) Amplifier One antenna can be composed of
several antenna elements, arranged
TRX: Transceiver ≈ One Transmitter/Receiver e.g. in columns and rows.
XTYR Radio: Radio with X Transmit paths and Y receive Paths (e.g. 64T64R = 64TRX
mMIMO Antenna)
Beam 1
Grid of beams
Transmission between transmitter and receiver happens
Beam 2
using certain time-frequency resources to send several data
streams. The number of independent data streams can be
Beam 3
defined as number of layers.

28 © Nokia 2018
Beamforming Methods

Grid of Beams Eigenbeamforming

UE proposes best beam eNB measures uplink channel and estimate beams

CQI/PMI

Reference
Signal
(SRS, DMRS)

29 © Nokia 2018
Massive MIMO Downlink Performance

86% additional gain

referenced to 8T8R

30 © Nokia 2018
The Proposed Light Weight Massive MIMO Solution

Proposed
Solution

Weight = below 20kg

• Nokia understands challenges in the current

massive MIMO
• Nokia sees opportunities with new innovative Conventional
& disruptive technology Solution

• Nokia has all enabling technologies, i.e.

components and also interfaces.
• Nokia approach is based on terminal
technologies Weight = 45~50kg

31 © Nokia 2018
CONTENTS

1 2 3 4
Recap 5G story &5G Commercial Massive MIMO Advanced
View Technology

32 © Nokia 2018
 ReefShark – Concentrated power for RF and baseband processing

RF Technology: RF Technology: RF Technology:

RFIC DFE SoCs Filters
higher integration high bandwidth and significant size
and efficiency capacity reduction

Baseband: mMIMO* RF Leadership

LTE/5G SoCs Beamforming through
innovation &
remarkable optimal Baseband expertise
performance / size/ functional split with
TCO benefits mMIMO – LTE/5G

33 ©©
Nokia
20182018
Nokia
 ReefShark: End-to-end chipsets for 5G base-station solutions
Most powerful base-station chipsets with embedded Artificial Intelligence

Nokia RFIC mMIMO Nokia Digital Front End SoCs Nokia Baseband SoCs
Baseband
x Digital
9.5 mm

SoC
Front
End SoC AirScale Baseband
x
32.0 cm Exponential performance
(Dual-Polarized, 8 x 8 X 2X 4X / capability improvement
x 2 = 128
8.5 mm
• 50% smaller mMIMO antennas • High bandwidth 5G/LTE • Fully integrated 5G/LTE
• > 40% lower cost • Power and cost optimization - Baseband
• High capacity, compact size, lower integrated beamforming, high • L1/L2/L3/Transmission
weight = easy to install speed ethernet • Beamforming
• Reduced energy consumption • 10 nm node • 16 nm node

34 © Nokia 2018
 Analytics and Application (AirFrame)
AI/Machine Learning for RAN
Solution Architecture RAN API VAS RAN API Optimization algorithms
2. Anomaly
1. Location, MEC, 3. RRM/ Scheduler/
detection /
AI/ML based algorithms embedded in the RAN [4-9] and outside etc. PHY/ BF Optimization
correction
the RAN [1-3] using AI/ML platform/middleware north of RAN API
for learning and training Analytics/ML Online Learning
Control API
platform Offline training
Front-end
Data Gathering (Storage-based, streaming, …)
Four foundational elements make Enabling Nokia with
Nokia AI approach unique Programable
A. Embedded AI HW accelerators @ RF, • Ability to process data API for RAN
Baseband & Edge provide raw instream now B/H I/f CU (AirFrame)
computational power for AI/ML GTP
• Highly distributed
B. Innovative AI Algorithms @ RAN solve RRC PDCP 5. UP/QoE opt
intelligence
most complex problems and provide Multi-conn
4. RRM (control plane)
differentiation [4-9]
• For offline and online
C. New AI communications interface
training of embedded RLC DU (Airscale)
enables a networked Intelligence
AI Algorithms & other 6. Scheduler MAC
D. AI accelerated middleware platform @ RAN API based 7. Rcvr/Ch Est. L1-Hi
edge of the network creates digital Optimization and VAS
value [1-3] 8. Digital BF LI-LO RU
9. DPD, Anlg BF RF

35 © Nokia 2018 AI/ML training data and

Data and Control Flow
AI/ML update (weights)
Machine Learning basis Massive MIMO
Problem
• Enhance 5G scheduler for massive MIMO to address challenges of
large number of antennas/beams/layers as compared to LTE.
• Objective of the ML-Powered scheduler is to achieve optimal spectral
efficiency with reasonable compute complexity

Approach
• Machine learning based scheduler that uses Deep Neural Network
(DNN and DQN) to obtain close to optimal spectral efficiency
• AI enabled ReefShark platform to provide in-stream complex cognitive
DNN/DQN processing in true real time.
• Scheduler 2.0 with DNN/DQN supported via offline training & online
learning

Benefits
• ML based scheduler for Massive MIMO provides higher throughput
and spectral efficiency than conventional mMIMO algorithms
• Computation can be offloaded from GPP onto Nokia proprietary HW

36 © Nokia 2018
Nokia active in open interfaces and open source leverage
Nokia believes in openness and open interfaces are key to Cloud RAN and 5G

Radio Management & RAN

De-composition Orchestration Programmability

Microservice Artificial Ecosystem

DevOps Intelligence Initiatives

37 © Nokia 2018
Nokia E2E solution & Integrated solution imperative

38 © Nokia 2018
Bell labs consulting TCO analysis

39 © Nokia 2018
Bell labs consulting
Modelling of impact on service reliability by frequency of SW upgrades for disjoint solutions and domains versus a tightly interworked and integrated solution

40 © Nokia 2018