ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to the following:

To parents who gave support to researchers, morally and financially.

To Professor, Dr. Lourdes D. Sabile, who gave her best for leading and helping us

morally and physically.

To Adviser, Director Alexander Salva, who gave his comments and suggestions

especially for correcting us and Ms. Lucy Aguado who gave us additional knowledge

and ideas that gave us a confidence that we can do it properly.

To their friends and classmates who are always giving their support.

Moreover, most especially to Almighty God who gave His blessings and unconditional

love.

The Researchers

1
CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Education is the key to acquire success. It is action of teaching a student in a school, or

university and he, may get knowledge, skill, and understanding. Thus, in Philippines,
parents send their children into school, taking nursery, kinder, elementary, middle school
and most challenging, college. Education also helps one to improve and have knowledge
to attain a bachelor degree. Hence, the pursuance of individual to have a degree and be a
professional requires a lot of time and financial. It made even more difficult. To be in
university is a lot harder than previous school. Despite of those problems, man still go to
university as it gives degree that helps to get better job.

In today’s time, finishing at least 4-year course is a necessity to be a professional. To

have stable and good job that depends on what course of man took. To a Filipino, being a
degree holder is important, because it makes him fulfilled and their parents proud and
happy. To finish a course may give someone confidence and intelligence to talk to other
people. Moreover, an employer also finds applicants that will fit the vacancy of job, and
unfortunately, they look for good educational background.

A college diploma helps individual to have more opportunities and edge, especially in the
competition of getting employment. Jobs such construction, security guard, vendors and
others is also good but to someone who finished a course tend to have more jobs with
good salary. In Philippines, there is famous saying, “one scrabble, one peck” (isang
kahig, isang tuka) that minimum or lower minimum earner compared to hen when it is
eating. It is someone who is unable to support his family with other financial necessity.
Say for example, a minimum wage earner that could only provide basic needs but will
struggle if one of his family members gets sick and he cannot provide medicine because

2
of financial deficiency. In that case, finishing college emphasized to have job
opportunities.

As the days pass by, our system also improves and technology as well. It helps making
the good quality education more accessible and possible to everyone wishes to study. The
problem with time and financial may lessen because of new way of getting admission to
the colleges and universities by enrolling into college or university that offers online
school. Online school provides virtual classes. This may also refer to distance learning or
Cyber School. It does not require students to be physically on class because online
schooling provides learning online through face-to-face instruction. Not everyone may be
in favour of online schooling because some may think traditional way of schooling is
better, which students will go to their schools, listen to their professors, and jot down.
Nevertheless, online school is much more efficacious for getting a degree for people who
had other things to work with or having full time or part time job. As online school have
virtual classes that students can take in home, work, or anywhere has internet connection.
Professors also teach online with organized curriculum for their online students. In this
case, both professor and student had their own pace and strategy to manage their time.
Hence, this type of schooling also needs guidance and assistance of their parents. Parents
or guardians had important roles in shaping their children’s future through going to
traditional school, so in online schooling too. It perhaps mediated of the use of
technology but online schooling is not differs in terms of learning and educating students.

Online school also includes quizzes and video lectures in their lesson. Student work alone
through this lesson but with his or her own time and place. Lesson may also have offline
activities and live lessons to interact with their online classmates. Online School are
program usually made by local school districts, and state education agencies. Here in the
Philippines, there is also college and university offers online schooling, which are De La
Salle University and AMA University. AMA University Online Education (AMAOEd) is
the first full online education in the Philippines. Its program is for all interested
applicants who wishes to take up refresher course, second, degree, undergraduates, for
working students, Filipino from different regions or even overseas who wanted to finish a
degree. Thus, online school helps students to manage learning in their own pace and

3
gives them freedom of time – enables them to do work full time, spends time with other
activities while striving to get a degree and lessen their financial outflow because they
can have their lessons virtually.

Despite of physically separation of student and professor to each other, students still
expected to do the traditional learning activities and same goes for professor whom
expected to teach even it is intervene of technology.

Theoretical Framework

Figure 1. Conceptual framework

Conclusions

4
Based on our conceptual framework, to get the advantages and limitations of online
school, the researcher used a survey questionnaire to determine the demographic profile
as well as the statistical tool to get the mean, percentage of advantage and limitations.

Statement of the Proble

This study aims to tackle and analyse how online schooling works that could help
interested applicants to get a degree.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to following problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent?

1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil Status
2. What are the advantages of online schooling?
3. What are the limitations of online schooling?
4. What are the features and scopes of online schooling?

Significance of the Study

This result of this aims to give beneficial information to following:

STUDENTS: The result will provide with some beneficial information to student who
had difficulties in managing their time but wishes to finish at least 4-year course. For this
study, aims to explain the advantages of online schooling and how this may help students,
especially, those students work at the same time to finance their school because students
could learn with their own pace.

5
PROFESSORS: The given information could be relevant to professors because they
could acquire other jobs while teaching their online students full time or part time.
Moreover, they could only do their passion and spends time with their family because
they will more vacant time. They could also worry less with their student sipping class,
because with online schooling, students are given privilege and freedom to manage their
study. In spite of being physically separated, still, professors are expected to be more
efficient in discussing the lesson through virtual class. They could also expect that their
online students are learning because of fast connection of sending lesson through video,
documents, and online messages.

PARENTS: This given data is also beneficial to parents. In the Philippines, sending
their children into college and university is a necessity. They believe that it is the treasure
that their children may inherent in them. In this given thoughts, parents are also
beneficiary of online schooling because they may give assistance to their children while
taking up the online lessons. Their problems with their children skipping class may lessen
because parents watch over their children while studying. This also, online schooling is
way cheaper in terms of financial because tuition is lesser than traditional school.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study aims to the courses are delivered partly or completely via the internet, an
intranet or an extranet. Here content to concept everything delivered through online. This
education gives you enough time to set your own study time from anywhere. The ability
to communicate and interact with students all over the country or even the world provides
unique advantage to the student.

This study is limited into 100 respondents such as students enrolled in online school and
traditional school, professor employed of both way of schooling and parents randomly
selected around Metro Manila and nearby provinces. The researchers had chosen these
respondents to attain educated perspectives.

6
Assumption

Advantages

1.1 Flexibility
Independent learner, confident in current technology tools, time management skills
and discipline to drive their selves through the curriculum would be self-sustaining in
asynchronous learning platform.
Reflective independent – learners have discovered an appropriate match with regards
to learning demonstrating the achievements of higher scope and completion notes.
Learners unfamiliar with the content and technology would need the hands-on
activities and instructional support representative of the learning style common in a
traditional course.
1.2 Convenience
Students are encouraged by the ability to study at anytime and anywhere.

Limitations/Disadvantages
1.3 Ethical needed an online studying
A. Time Management and discipline is a particular learning ethnic needed to
successfully pursue online learning.
B. Motivation and persistence are driven by demographics such as age, gender, work
experience and education level.

Definition of Terms

Advantage – something that helps someone or something better or more likely to

succeed than others.

Assessment – the act of making a judgement or about something and idea or opinion.

Education - It is the knowledge, skills and virtues that may get into attending traditional
school.

Evaluation – to judge the value or condition of in a careful and thoughtful way.

7
Limitation – the act of controlling the size or extent of something ; the act of limiting
somthig .

Online Schooling (Virtual School or E-School or Cyber-School) - It is online learning

that students take home or anywhere their lesson through virtual classes.

Traditional Schooling - is generally stress basic educational practices and expect

mastery of academic learning in the core subjects of math, reading, writing, science and
social studies.

8
Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter includes ideas, finished thesis, conclusions that is significant to this study.
Those information included in this chapter is related and relevant to the study that will
help readers to have better understanding.

Foreign Literature

WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION?

International education is about the mobility of students and scholars who go to another
part of the world to study, research, or teach. It's not only about the mobility of students,
both in and out of the US, but it's also about research scholars who come to the US to do
research, faculty who go to other destinations to teach, and those who do community-
based service learning. The primary goals of international education are furthering
knowledge and cultural capital, learning about places and cultures, and gaining
intercultural skills in the process.

International education has existed throughout time and, throughout time, people have
sought education elsewhere in order to better their lives, in order to contribute to their
societies and communities, and in order to better equip themselves as citizens of their
respective countries. It's not just the US that's been engaged in this activity; many nation
states have participated in this kind of work.

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION, AND WHO

BENEFITS FROM IT?

You can think about the benefits of international education on several levels. One is
international education and the benefit to the individual in pursuit of education, research,

9
or teaching. Another way to think about it is through the nation states engaged in
international education: how and why might a government decide to provide scholarships
or other mechanisms encouraging citizens to acquire an education overseas? It may be
trying to equip citizens with a level of education and knowledge so they can return and
contribute to the economy or to in-demand fields in their country. International education
may be a form of cultural diplomacy. Employers also have a stake in international
education. Some employers incentivize their employees to go and acquire credentials
elsewhere because, in this global economy, companies need a workforce with the
capacity, skills, and talents to compete globally.

WHY WOULD YOU ENCOURAGE SIS STUDENTS TO STUDY

INTERNATIONALLY?

I think international education, particularly in a global economy, is a very important part

of a 21st century education. In the world that we live in, no one is an island to
themselves, so we need to expose students to the world out there. There are opportunities
to learn from all different parts of the world. And now more than ever, isolationists are
not who we want to be.

For any student of international relations to have a nuanced understanding of the field,
there is value studying abroad. One, studying abroad provides you with varying
perspectives on a subject matter. And two, studying abroad contextualizes international
relations so that you understand the global dimensions of your work. If you are studying
international relations, you need to understand the frame of reference for that work. If
you are a student of international development, how do you best study the different
aspects and complexity of issues in international development? If you are a student of
peace and conflict resolution, how do you study that topic both from a theoretical
perspective and from lived experiences of folks in conflict zones and in conflict situations
around the world? As you think about all the different fields of study at the School of
International Service (SIS), it is important to have a clear understanding of real, lived
experiences and of the human condition. Through international education, students are
exposed to different perspectives and important nuances.

10
It's important, particularly for US students, to study abroad. European students
understand the value of studying abroad because there is a lot more mobility in the
European Union. African students are the most mobile of any group of students in the
world. Students in Asia and other places all understand the value of studying outside of
their home countries. But how you immerse yourself in the social, cultural, and all the
different aspects of a new place is also important. And sometimes what we see is that
students move around and study abroad, but they live in bubbles where they try to
replicate what they have experienced here in the United States. That's not the real value
of an international education. International education requires immersive learning.

I think that we are quite fortunate that, at SIS, most students understand the value of
international engagements. They understand that it is not enough to study a country or
topic in a classroom setting-you need to go and experience what you study.

DO YOU HAVE SUGGESTIONS FOR HOW SIS STUDENTS STUDYING ABROAD

CAN IMMERSE THEMSELVES IN NEW PLACES AND CULTURES?

First, find yourself in situations where you are uncomfortable, where you struggle
because you need to communicate with people who speak a different language. There is
growth and learning in that. And there is value in learning another language. Being either
bilingual or multilingual is a real asset; you can navigate the world in different ways and
also gain insight and perspective. Language is a powerful tool for understanding culture.

Second, it's important to not be in a bubble. Part of not being in a bubble is venturing out
and discovering the world. And in that process of learning about the world, you will
actually learn a lot about yourself. As you go and discover the world abroad, find
intentional ways to engage. Engage with the people that you encounter. Engage in subject
matters in different ways and with a different lens. Challenge yourself. In that process,
you will grow intellectually, personally, and socially.

The third thing I would say to students is that it is all about perspective. Part of learning
and understanding the complex, challenging issues of our time requires that you be
exposed to multiple perspectives on issues. You can learn that in a classroom or from a
theory, but there is nothing that can substitute the human relations part of perspective.

11
When you are overseas, you see the issues on the ground from a different perspective,
and that can only enhance and enrich your learning.

Lastly, take advantage of the fact that you have international students on your campus.
International students are important cultural translators and cultural ambassadors. The
fact that we have international students from all parts of the world means that your
learning can begin on this campus. If you read about a specific issue or a specific part of
the world, talk to someone who may be from there. Their perspective may not fully
represent all people from that part of the world, but it can certainly provide you with
another insight. Let's increase engagement between our domestic and international
students. It will serve all of us well because our international students have a lot to offer.

(https://www.american.edu/sis/news/20180306-Whats-the-importance-of-international-
education.cfm)

The AMA Online Education program is a form of study where students are not under a
continuous and immediate supervision of teachers in a lecture/classroom setting. It
favours an independent self-learning style which takes place outside of a formal
classroom.

Despite the physical separation between the learner and the teacher, this does not mean
that students are left on their own. Learners are expected to perform the usual Related
Studies

The following information was colleges or universities that offer online school.

Culture of about Education in Philippines Filipino culture places a high value on

education. For the majority of Filipinos, the only best thing for a child to acquire and
secure a better future is through education. Because a good education has become
increasingly hard to attain nowadays, there is increased demand for new and more
convenient ways to obtain a post secondary school degree. Even the government has

12
tried to change the formal school system by introducing new methods in learning.
TESDA started with the identification of highly in-demand skills and then designed a
Competency Based method patterned after the Australian government’s Competency-
Based Training (CBT). This application combined self-learning approach and formal
classroom instruction.

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering Vol. 2, No. 4, October,

2007

CHED reported a total enrolment of about 2.5 million tertiary students in 2006 while
TESDA has about 0.5 million school-based enrolment and another 0.7 million non-school
based enrolees that includes (training centers operated by TESDA), community-based
(training centers financed by the local government) and enterprise-based (corporate
sectors) for a total of about 3.8 million in enrolment. The prime advocates that spearhead
the drive to incorporate online schooling into the Philippines school system are educators
from prominent universities like the University of the Philippines which has established
in 1995 the UP Open University (UPOU), as an alternative to traditional classroom. It
has started offering fully accredited classes in 2001. The University of Sto. Tomas (UST)
have added in their curriculum an e-learning course that provides learning materials on-
line named as e-LeAP (e-Learning Access Program) is another example of online
schooling. Moreover, Ateneo de Manila University, the dela Salle University and other
major universities offer some form of online courses. Many of these academic
institutions use pre-packaged programs brought from suppliers, although some schools
are now creating their own programs using a variety of software options. Some schools,
under the TESDA use module, which is an open-sourced Course Management System
(CMS) to help educators create on-line learning communities in carrying out their
technical and vocational programs. On-line degrees however are still fighting an uphill
battle to be recognized as legitimate equivalents to traditional degrees. There are only a
few number of students use these services. Consider the culture of the Filipinos
preference for a face to face interaction as learning process and are used to classroom
training.

13
Infra of Computing and Internet in Philippines During the recent conference of Computer
Manufacturers, Distributors and Dealers Association of the Philippines (COMDDAP) last
October 2006, they have estimated that there are over 1.53 million personal computers
(PCs) in the country (i.e. about 1 computer for every 57 Filipinos), and roughly 7.82
million people can readily access the internet, which puts the internet penetration at about
9.0 percent. Users access the internet through their own personal computers, corporate
facilities, schools and the growing Internet Café business. It is estimated that internet
dial-up still predominates (80 percent of the total internet users) up to the moment. The
big telecommunication companies PLDT, Digital, Smart and Globe put enormous
marketing campaign for DSL and broadband shift though. Internet penetration and
infrastructure is superior in urban canters like Metro Manila. Between 2000 and 2006, the
number of internet users increased by about 291 percent, fuelled by affordable pre-paid
cards (preferred by Filipinos), increased access and interest, but most of all since users
are dominated by Filipino youth, on-line gaming. Added to this is the desire of the
corporate sector to identify more cost-efficient and productivity-enhancing training
methods and the academic sector’s drive to improve learning techniques to cope with the
rest of the wired world.

Environment of Online Schooling in Philippines

Learning in Philippine Schools

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering Vol. 2, No. 4, October,

2007

Online Schooling can be regarded as a relatively new concept in the Philippines and is
still in its embryonic stage. Although open and distance learning has been documented to
be introduced in the Philippines way back in 1952 through the Farmers’ School-on-the-
Air program over a one kilowatt radio station in the province of Iloilo, the development
of distance education, much so of the e-learning environment lags far behind more
industrialized countries due to a relatively lack of infrastructure, investment, and a
pedagogy applicable to many Filipinos.

14
Corporate Training The first to adopt online corporate training methods in the Philippines
were the multinationals. Big local corporations followed suit namely: the Philippine
Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), Manila Electric Company (MERALCO),
the Aboitiz Group, Unilab among others. These companies applied e-learning
methodologies to cut cost and improve their human resource development system. Take
into account the experience of PLDT, they used e-learning techniques to significantly
increase its number of certified CISCO network associates and to train employees across
various operational functions. Using their customized solution Smart force as its
packaged software they were able to encourage employees to pursue training in any area
of the business they had interest in and blending e-learning with hands-on projects.
PLDT estimated that this kind of “e-cross training has saved the company over
US$400,000 in training expenses over the past five years.

Education Market Trends online schooling is still an emerging market in the Philippines.
Its use is still sporadic and most users represent only a small segment of the Philippines
education and business communities. There are no stereotypical online schooling; schools
large and small can be found using the technology. There is a slow adoption of e-learning
mainly due to underdeveloped infrastructure, high cost and the propensity of the Filipinos
to maintain the status quo instead of implementing changes in training and learning
system and processes. Two major types of e-learning solutions have begun to emerge in
the Philippines (1) pre-packaged, off-the-shelf courses; and (2) custom solutions.
Currently, cost is a major consideration in adopting an e-learning solution, especially
given the current exchange rate. Some schools and businesses elect to outsource their e-
learning needs from some local distributors such as SkillSoft, Thomson NetG, Datatrain
and Element K, while others build their own materials using Microsoft Office products
and the Web. Many technical schools provide certification preparation and training by
applying e-learning methods. IBM has also ventured into a customized on-site training,
consulting, course delivery transformation and outsourcing. Yapster, Inc. (2studyIT), a
local distributor of Thomson NetG (USA), Element K(USA), Data train and other
software providers for learning has penetrated the market. Also, some Asian neighbours
have provided customized content such as ICUS and PurpleTrain.com (Informatics) from
Singapore which offers business, IT, and health sciences program fully online.

15
Learning Environment and Prospects

International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering Vol. 2, No. 4, October,

2007

The design for a good formula to suit the Filipino preference will open the opportunity
for growth of online schooling in the Philippines. It will benefit individuals who place
high value on education and the desire to succeed. Even those self-motivated and
dedicated adult learners are most likely to benefit from fully online courses. And those
who belong to large organizations such as universities, big communities, large and
medium-sized businesses that can reduce their training costs and improved learning
standards. In the final analysis, to remain competitive in the global workforce the
Philippines has to give total attention to e-learning development and be used by business
professionals, students, administrators and government offices.

(www.sersc.org>vol2_no4_2007>5.pdf)

Foreign Studies

Earning an online degree holds benefits that traditional lecture style classroom setting
courses do not. Of these benefits, the most valuable is the ability for a student to do class
work on their own time. In a classroom setting, courses are given at exact times that a
student must attend. This can be a problem if a student has a scheduling conflict. Often
times, a missed class can mean falling behind in the course. With an online degree,
international students have the ability to complete their work on their own time. Classes
usually consist of weekly readings and assignments that need to be completed at the end
of that specific week. This gives the student an entire week to review their work
whenever they are available, be it after work, at night, or on the weekend.

16
Another major benefit to online degrees is the delivery method of class notes, readings
and assignments. In lecture courses in the classroom, students must take notes during
their class time while also trying to listen to the professor. This often leads to students
missing some parts of the lecture and having to go to fellow classmates to fill in any
holes in the notes they missed. In online classes, many programs offer class notes every
week. Students have all the course materials and are able to access them any time they
want. Classroom students have a set time when they need to listen to a lecture, and cannot
go back to review the lesson. Online students are given access to video lectures, which
can be watched multiple times in order to fully understand the material. Exams and
assignments are also delivered online in distance learning courses. Students take tests and
complete homework assignments just like in classroom courses, but they have the ability
to use their course materials and textbooks.

Online degrees are also convenient for students that want to stay in their home country.
For some international students, leaving their home country can be difficult because of
immigration policies, finances and responsibilities at home. With an online program
students can still receive a degree from another country like the UK, US or Australia
while never having to leave their home country. This gives students the freedom to study
at any university or college they choose while living at home.

A common misconception about online courses is that there is a disconnect between the
professor and the student. This is anything but true. Many online students feel they have a
relationship with their professor in online courses because they have the opportunity to
ask questions via email or phone at a convenient time instead of having to wait after class
or schedule an appointment during a professor’s office hours. Online professors are
usually very quick in replying to questions, and are required by some schools to give an
answer within 24 hours.

(https://www.internationalstudent.com/study_usa/online-degrees/)

17
Local Literature

The Philippine educational system is an organized bureaucracy which provides formal

and non-formal education. The three academic levels of formal schooling are the
elementary or primary, secondary and tertiary.

The first level, elementary education, involves compulsory six grades in public schools
and seven grades in some private schools, in addition to optional pre-school programs.
The pre-school education usually consists of kindergarten schooling and other
preparatory courses. At the age of 3 or 4, a pupil may enter nursery school until 5 and 6
years old; then he/she proceeds to grade one.

The second level or secondary education corresponds to four years of high school. The
third level is tertiary education or higher education which is divided into collegiate or
undergraduate, graduate or master’s and post-graduate or doctorate levels in various
disciplines. Post-secondary schooling consists of two or three-year non-degree technical
or vocational courses.

Non-formal education includes acquisition of knowledge even outside school premises. It

is offered to particular clientele like the out-of-school youth or adult illiterates who are
given literacy and livelihood skills training.

The Department of Education has the responsibility of administering, supervising and

regulating basic education (elementary and secondary education). All policies, standards,
rules and regulations concerning basic education emanate from the DepEd. The
administration and supervision of higher education is lodged in the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED), which was created by Republic Act 7722, while the post-
secondary technical-vocational education is under the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA) which is also in charge of skills orientation, training
and development of out-of-school youth and unemployed adults. The TESDA was
created by Republic Act 7796.

The Philippines is using a bilingual medium of instruction. Certain subjects are taught in
English and the rest in the national language, which is Filipino.

18
By constitutional mandate, the public educational programs are financially supported by
the national government. The DepEd also provides financial assistance and other
incentives to schools, teachers, and students, teachers, and students. Local governments
are encouraged to assume the operation of non-national public schools in their locality.

Private schools throughout the Philippines are funded from capital investments, equity
contributions, tuition fees and other school charges, grants, loans, subsidies, and
legislations.

Aims/ Objectives of Philippine Education

The general characteristics and purposes of education in any particular society is best
understood in the historical context. Even during the prehistoric times, man was
determined to acquire knowledge and skills needed for survival in rather inhospitable
environment. As he developed more wants, he learned to adapt to his environment and
conquer the forces of nature to conform to his biddings. Modern man’s search for more
knowledge has transcended the knowledge for survival; now man searches for more
wealth, more power, and more prestige.

The aims and objectives of education vary from one country to another. Historically, the
school, as part of the society’s superstructure, is the established institution to transmit and
maintain its traditional culture. The primary goals is education is to socialized the young
along society’s beliefs, values, social norms, skills and knowledge for the preservation of
the existing social order. It cannot be otherwise; for throughout history, the school has
been used as an ideological apparatus to legitimize and support the dominant minority
group or class. Under the present global dispensation, the school is the ideological tool of
the capitalists, the minority elite class, and the small group in the upper echelons of the
military hierarchy. The school has always been used for the benefit of the groups that
hold power.

In the Philippines, the aims and objectives of education vary from one historical epoch to
another. During the pre-Spanish period, education was through apprenticeship, imitation
and rituals (ceremonials). The aim of informal education carried on by the family and the
community’s witchdoctors, shamans, or priests was to train the youth develop the

19
knowledge and skills for survival and for their adult roles in the community. Many
scholars believed that a system of syllabic writing, the Alibata and Sanskrito, had existed
before the coming of the Spaniards. One of the aims of education then was to develop
literate members of the community.

The Spanish and American colonizers influenced greatly the objectives of Philippine
education. During the Spanish regime, the aim of education was the Hispanization of the
Filipinos and the propagation of the Christian religion.

The objectives of education during the American colonial period shifted to the institution
of popular education, liberal democracy, training for citizenship and eventual self-
governance of the Filipinos. English was imposed as the medium of instruction.

During the short-lived Japanese regime and Japanese-sponsored puppet government, the
aim of Philippine education was the transmission of Japanese culture and ideology under
their vision of East-Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. While Niponggo was taught in school,
Filipino and the vernacular were used as the medium of instruction.

The aims/objectives of education during the regimes of the various colonial warlords
were clearly the reflections and representatives of the ideologies and cultures of these
foreign colonial masters.

In the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines up to the 1977 Constitution before its revision
in 1986, the aims/objectives of Philippine education is “to develop moral character,
personal discipline, civic-consciousness, love of country, vocational efficiency and to
teach the duties of citizenship.”

Article XIV, Sec. 3 Sub. par. (2) of the New Philippine Constitution states the following
Constitutional aims of education:

“All educational institutions shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of
humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical
and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical

20
and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge, and promote
vocational efficiency.”

Furthermore, Section 5, sub-paragraph (5) states:

“The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that
teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through
adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfilment.”

This constitutional provision is hardly applied. The foreign debt servicing and the
military continue to receive the highest budgetary allocation. Unless the people who run
the reign of government manifest the political will to apply this constitutional provision,
our dream of quality teachers and quality education for the Filipino youth will remain an
elusive illusion. Unless and until our teachers are adequately remunerated and not
overburdened by non-teaching tasks, job dissatisfaction and frustrations shall continue to
hamper teacher’s motivation and productivity.

( https://www.imbalife.com/importance-of-education-in-the-philippines )

Online learning can be touted as an alternative delivery of education. It is a type of

teaching practice that upholds the concept of “anytime, anywhere” kind of learning
(Salgarino, 2000). With this, online learning is easily accessible to the student and the
teacher where they can exchange notes, ideas and research related to the course with each
other. The Web then is the major medium to delivery instruction and learning
(Teehankee, 1999). Although in the 1980’s and 1990’s, electronic media like print, TV,
radio, and video were first used (Trinidad, 2002).For now, online learning courses are
mostly being offered in undergraduate and graduate levels (Madarang, 2004), but the
Philippine government strives to create a curriculum that would integrate online earning
in the elementary and secondary levels as well (DepEd memo, 21 June 2007).

21
This is because that the students are mostly those who cannot be able to go to a
traditional school course, those who are working, married or even ill (Madarang, 2004).
Through this, a student can be able to pursue his education without pausing on his daily
activities. One of the factors in enrolling in such online courses is not only the ease of the
concept of studying via the Internet, but also the credibility of the institution offering
such courses (Arcaina, 2005). Because of this, it is mostly established universities and
colleges that have the infrastructure and foundation of quality education, not to mention
the financial resources, that would offer them. One major reason why people like
working professionals would enroll in online learning is the convenience and easy access
in terms of study, making it a timesaving venture for the student (Arcaina, 2005). Not
only is it timesaving, but money saving too, as it reduces the amount of travel to and fro
(Teehankee, 1999), and instances where you would have to buy food from outside
establishments. Also, in terms of tuition, it is a less expensive investment than you would
if you enroll in a traditional educational institution (Madarang, 2004)

(Maria Anna N. Batayan, College Of Education, De La Salle University)

22
Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter deals the research design, the respondents, the formulation and the
validation of the data gathering instrument, and the statistical tools and used in analysing
the data.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research study used the descriptive method of research.

SUBJECT OF TE STUDY

The Respondents

There are 50 respondents taken from universities around Metro Manila whose studying in
traditional school and online school and professor employed in traditional school and
online school. All students and professors are living within Manila to have better insights
and reliability.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Survey questionnaire was the main data gathering instrument used in the study. The
questions were crafted by the researcher with the guidance of research adviser. For the
validation of the questionnaire, of respondents from Metro Manila were used as subjects.
Questionnaire was submitted for approval to the research adviser of the university.
Copies of the survey were distributed to the respondent by the researchers.

For the assessment of the questionnaire?

Descriptive Research. According to best, descriptive research describes what the study is.
The study focuses at the present situation. The purpose is to find new truth. It is
concerned with conditions of relationships that exists, practices that prevail that are going

23
on, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. Descriptive research involves
the elements or interpretation of the significance of what is described and the major
emphasis is on the discovery of ideas and insights. Qualitative methods (case studies,
content analysis, ethnographic studies) and quantitative methods (survey research, cross-
sectional survey, longitudinal study, trend study, cohort study panel study and correlation
research) users descriptive research.

Methods of Data Collection and Plan Procedure

Methodology has to be the most important aspect towards any study. Methods are most
important in research process we describe the various steps of the plan to be adopted in
solving research problem.

The present study aims to gain more knowledge and effective learning methodology in
the relation of getting diploma with competence and creativity. Once the problem has
been selected and identified, the next step in the collection of data. The collection of data
is a paramount importance in the conduct of research. It is necessary to adopt or evolve
systematic procedure to collect essential data. Relevant data, adequate in quality and
quantity should be collected. They should be sufficiently reliable and valid.

Statistical Tools

The statistical tools used are the frequency and percentage distribution and the average
weighted mean. The formula of the percentage is as follows.

P=f/nx100

Where:

P= refers to percentage

f = refers to frequency

n = refers to the total number of population

24
The formula of the average weighted mean is as follows:

The formula in finding the weighted arithmetic mean of the foregoing data

𝑓1 𝑥1 + 𝑓2 𝑥2 + 𝑓3 𝑥3 + 𝑓𝑥 +𝑓𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑓1 + 𝑓2 + 𝑓3 + 𝑓 + 𝑓

This formula is written as:

∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥̅ =
∑𝑓

Where:

𝑥̅ = Weighted Arithmetic Mean

∑ 𝑓𝑥 = Sum of all the product of f and x where f is the frequency of each score and x,
weight of each score.

∑ 𝑓 = Sum of all the respondents tested.

25
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to tackle and analyze how online schooling works that could help
interested applicants to get a degree.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to following problems:

1.What is the demographic profile of the respondent?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Civil Status

2. What are the advantages of online schooling?

3.What are the limitations of online schooling?

4.What are the features and scopes of online schooling?

26
Presentation of Result
1.1
Table 1.1

The Frequency and Percentage of the Respondents According to Age

Age of Respondent Frequency Percentage

16 2 6.67

17 8 26.67

18 1 3.33

19 4 13.33

20 4 13.33

21 6 20

22 2 6.67

23 1 3.33

24 2 6.67

Total 30 100

The 2 out of 30 respondents are 16 years old, which is 6.67% of the total respondent. 8
respondents are 17 years old which is 26.67%; there is 1 respondent who is 18 years old,
which is 3.33%; there are 4 respondents who are 19 years old, which is 13.33%; there are
4 respondents who are 20 years old, which is 13.33%; there is 1 respondent who are 13
years old, which is 3.33%; there are 2 respondents who are 24 years old, which is 6.67%.
Majority of respondents are working. The result further reveals that even though students

27
are older and beyond accepted age of being a student and are bus with their personal
activities, hey still intend to acquire a college degree.

1.2

Table 1.2

The Frequency and Percentage of the Respondent According to Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Female 17 56.67

Male 13 43.33

Total 30 100.00

Table 1.2 shows that 17 out of 30 respondents, which are 56.67%, are male, 13 of them,
which is 43.44% are female. The results shows that majority of respondents are male
compared to the number of female. Moreover, it is good to know that there are still
female who are interested to acquire a college degree, despite of their busy schedule.

28
 1.3

Table 1.3

The Frequency and Percentage of the Respondent According to their Civil Status

CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Single 30 100

Married 0 0

Separated 0 0

TOTAL 30 100.00

Table 1.3 shows that 30 out of 30 respondents are single, which is 100.00%. The result
shows that respondents give priority to finish their college degree. According to them,
they want to finish their study and acquire better job opportunities.

Table 1.4

TOPICS: STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY AWM AND

AGREE (SA) (A) (D) DISAGREE INTEPRET
(DA) -ATION
4 3 2 1
f f (x) f f f f f f (x)
(x) (x)

1. Online schooling is expensive. 8 32 15 45 7 14 0 0 3.03 A

2. There are many requirements in 3 12 18 54 7 14 2 2 2.73 D

online schooling to be submitted via
internet.
3. Online schooling helps to manage 9 36 13 39 7 14 1 1 3.0 A
your time.

29
4. I believe a complete course can be 6 24 8 24 14 28 2 2 2.6 D
given by the internet without
difficulty.
5. I possess enough computer 8 32 14 42 5 10 3 3 2.9 D
keyboarding skills for doing online
work.

6. Learning is the same in class and at 4 16 14 42 8 16 4 4 2.6 D

home on the internet.

7. I feel comfortable communicating 4 16 22 66 2 4 2 2 2.9 D

online in English.
8. I can manage my study time 6 24 18 54 5 10 1 1 2.9 D
effectively and easily complete 7
assignments on time.
9. I am comfortable communicating 13 52 11 33 4 8 2 2 3.1 A
electronically. 6

10. I could pass a course on the 6 24 18 54 5 10 1 1 2.9 D

internet. 6

11. I can easily access the internet as 16 64 11 33 2 4 1 1 3.4 A

needed for my studies.
12. I don’t mind it if I never meet my 6 24 9 27 9 18 6 6 2.5 D
instructor or classmates in person.
13. I believe that high quality learning 5 20 10 30 12 24 3 3 2.5 D
can take place without face-to-face 6
interaction.
14. I am self-motivated and able to 8 32 20 60 2 4 0 0 3.2 A
work independently.

15. I like the idea of not having to 8 32 11 33 10 20 1 1 2.8 D

drive/commute to school. 6

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 2.8 D

9

30
 Strongly
Agree Strongly
TOPICS (SA) Agree(A) Disagree(D) Disagree(SD) AWM Interpretation
4 3 2 1
f f(x) f f(x) f f(x) f f(x)
1. Online schooling is less
expensive. 20 80 8 24 2 4 0 0 3.60
2. There are less
requirements in online 2 8 12 36 13 26 3 3 2.43 Limitations
3. I believe a complete
course can be given by the
internet without difficulty 6 24 8 24 14 28 2 2 2.60
4. I believe that high quality
learning can take place
without face-to-face
interaction. 10 40 5 15 12 24 3 3 2.73 D
OVERALL AVEGRAGE
WEIGHTED MEAN 2.84 D

31
 Strongly
Agree Strongly
TOPICS (SA) Agree(A) Disagree(D) Disagree(SD) AWM Interpretation
4 3 2 1
f f(x) f f(x) f f(x) f f(x)

1. Online schooling helps to

manage your time. 13 52 13 39 3 6 1 1 3.27

2. I possess enough computer

keyboarding skills for doing online
work. 13 52 9 27 5 10 3 3 3.07

3. Learning is the same in class

and at home on the internet. 9 36 9 27 8 16 4 4 2.77

4. I feel comfortable
communicating online in english. 4 16 22 66 2 4 2 2 2.93

5. I can manage my study time

effectively and easily complete
assignments on time. 17 68 8 24 4 8 1 1 3.37

6. I am comfortable
communicating electronically. 13 52 12 36 3 6 2 2 3.20

7 I could pass a course on the

internet. 6 24 18 54 5 10 1 1 2.97

8. I can easily access the internet

as needed for my studies. 16 64 11 33 2 4 1 1 3.40

9. I don't mind it if I never meet

my instructor or classmates in
person. 14 56 9 27 6 12 1 1 3.20

10. I am self motivated and able

to work independently. 13 52 15 45 2 4 0 0 3.37

11. I like the idea of not having to

drive/commute to school. 18 72 6 18 5 10 1 1 3.37

OVERALL AVERAGE WEIGHTED

MEAN 3.17
A
3.01
A

32
Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter consists of summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendation.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to tackle and analyses how online schooling works that could help
interested applicants to get a degree.

Specifically, this study seeks answers to following problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent?

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.2 Civil Status

2.What are the advantages of online schooling?

3.What are the limitations of online schooling?

4.What are the features and scopes of online schooling?

Summary of Findings

The intention of this research is to determine the assessments of the students taking
online courses about online school.

The following are formulated based on gathered data.

1.Respondents who answered the survey, and students answered it with knowledge,
skills, and confidence with the age, 16 years old to 24 years old.

33
2. The advantages of online schooling are online schooling helps to manage your time
properly, and effectively.

3. The limitations of online school are less requirements, complete course can be given
by the internet without difficulty.

4.The program is open to all interested applicants: Those who want to take up refresher
courses or second degree, college undergrads, working students, Filipinos from regions in
the Philippines, And overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who wish to pursue a college
degree. The program also gives An opportunity for international students and people
afflicted with disabilities to study in the comforts of their home.

Conclusion

Respondents who answered the survey questionnaire are from AMA University in
Legarda, Manila who are currently enrolled in online study program of the said school.
Respondents are in favour of online schooling because of advantages like the help in their
managing time, gives enough computer keyboarding skills for doing online work, helps
to manage study time effectively and easily complete assignments on time, offers
comfortable communication electronically, it provides easy access to internet as needed
for studies, it also gives confidence not meeting instructor or classmates in person, it
gives motivation and able to work independently, lastly, the idea of not having to
drive/commute to school.

Even if the limitations of online school are less requirements, complete course can be
given by the internet without difficulty, and that high quality learning can take place
without face-to-face interaction.

Recommendation

Based on conclusion, the following recommendations are presented.

1. Respondents from Manila high lightened that students should focused on their
studies to have better job opportunities despite of their age, gender and civil
status.

2. Institutions, schools who offer online courses or other government agencies

should conduct a seminars or a wider advertisement of online school.

34
 3. General public must also engage themselves into activities or seminars that
comprise relevant information that may help to get a college degree despite of
their own personal undertakings.

4. Individuals not comfortable spending too much time to travel to go to school

then you may go to online schooling, to manage your own schedule.

Reference

https://www.american.edu/sis/news/20180306-Whats-the-importance-of-international-
education.cfm

https://www.sersc.org>vol2_no4_2007>5.pdf

https://www.internationalstudent.com/study_usa/online-degrees/

https://www.imbalife.com/importance-of-education-in-the-philippines

http://www.ama.edu.ph/online-degree/

https://www.internationalstudent.com/study_usa/online-degrees/

https://www.lanecc.edu/laneonline/are-online-courses-me-questionnaire

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.concordia.ca/content/d
am/artsci/research/cslp/docs/OnlineInstrument_23Aug04.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjioqCT8PHcAhV
MAogKHav4CcsQFjABegQICBAB&usg=AOvVaw0k6mXhLrcDWJs4bR0SQtZk

35