Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Could you give (me) an example? (bisahkah anda memberi saya contoh)
1
What evidence do you have? (bukti apa yang anda miliki)
What (do you think) about Plan B? (apa (menurut anda) tentang rencana
B)
2
Let's consider Bob's proposal. (mari kita pertimbangkan proposal Bob)
Moving on (bergerak
3
Unit 2
Reading : Science News
Do you want to keep up with the latest research and discoveries in science?
There are many good websites that you can visit to make that easy.
One great site is called Science News for Kids. This site reports science news
covering a wide range of subjects. The articles are written with the interests and
educational experience of younger readers in mind, but adults will find this site
suitable for them as well.
(Apakah Anda ingin menjaga dengan penelitian terbaru dan penemuan dalam sains ?
Ada banyak situs yang baik yang dapat Anda kunjungi untuk membuat mudah .
Salah satu situs besar disebut Science News for Kids . Situs ini melaporkan berita
ilmu meliputi berbagai mata pelajaran . Artikel yang ditulis dengan kepentingan dan
pengalaman pendidikan pembaca yang lebih muda dalam pikiran , tetapi orang
dewasa akan menemukan situs ini cocok untuk mereka juga.)
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a. won't understand a site for kids.
b. will find Science News for Kids useful.
c. don't like science as much as kids.
Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, is called Science Daily.
The site is constantly updated with news, often about exciting findings that
change how we look at the world and the universe. Whether it's newly unearthed
discoveries about creatures that have been extinct for millions of years or the
latest advances in cures for human diseases, you'll find it at Science Daily.
a. never at night
b. only for scientists
c. every day
a. dug up
b. from another planet
c. shot into space
These sites post stories as they become news and also archive all the past
articles. That way you can enter a search term and find articles on just about
anything related to science that they've ever published.
a. a nest in a boat
b read carefully
c. keep in a safe place
5
Unit 3
Use the context to help you determine the meaning of each highlighted
word!
1.Fortunately, the dizzy spell was transient. He was able to continue playing within
seconds and had no trouble winning the match. When you describe an event as
“transient,” you are saying that __________.
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2. Brea and Elizabeth are having a dispute over which radio station to play at work. It
would be so much simpler if they both liked the same kind of music.
A dispute is a __________.
a. musical instrument
b. choice of music
c. discovery
d. disagreement
3. When they heard the good news about the court’s decision, the angry crowd cheered
and then began to disperse. “It looks like everyone is going home,” one reporter stated.
a. come together
b. smile
c. fly like a bird
d. sing
a. needing a bath
b. dishonest
c. clearly different
d. about the same age
Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym for each
highlighted word!
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1. Mr. Huge was very proud of his auto superstore. “We have such an extensive
selection of cars,” he said, “so everyone should find a vehicle that he or she will
love!”
3. The news story was based on a letter that was a fabrication. Now the reporter
who wrote the story is in big trouble. Will anyone believe him again?
A fabrication is __________.
a. made of cloth
b. full of long words
c. funny
d. fake
4. The reporter insisted that the letter he used was authentic. He said that he
had shown it to many experts before he used it in his story.
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a. genuine, or real
b. carefully written
c. full of tasty worms
d. very old
a. 75 years
b. 85 years
c. a century
d. 10 years
9
Unit 4
Academic Vocabulary
Exercise 1
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the following
definitions.
1.someone who sells things a. alley
2.a general name for "cows" b. appetite
3.skinny; thin c. boast
4.huge, large, enormous d. cattle
5.without covering or clothing e. drudgery
6.on the whole f. dull
7.improve the quality of something g. entirely
8.wander, walk around without direction h. gigantic
9.desire to eat i. goofy
10.upset, very mad j. hatch
11.funny, silly k. naked
12.boring, not exciting; not bright or sharp l. outraged
13.have difficulty doing something; fight m. outskirts
14.break out of an egg n. peddler
15.brag; say great things about yourself o. portion
16.get bigger, enlarge p. roam
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17.small part or section q. slim
18.the suburbs, area around a city r. struggle
19.a narrow passageway or street s. swell
20.hard, uninteresting labor t. Upgrade
Exercise 2
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the
following definitions.
1.failing to give proper care or attentiona. affiliate
2.desire to know; inquisitive interest b. analgesic
3.young, immature, youthful c. apiece
compensati
4.lawful, conforming to accepted standards d.
on
5.forced removal from one's country e. concoct
6.an occurrence or even; happening f. confess
7.payment for service, loss or expense g. curiosity
8.one who tries to escape, runaway h. crummy
9.feeling of uneasiness, doubt or fear i. exile
10.causing death j. sober
11.not drunk; serious k. fatal
12.admit to wrongdoing l. fugitive
m hemorrhag
13.each, individually
. e
14.lousy, miserable, or worthless n. incident
15.excessive bleeding o. juvenile
16.lacking energy or spirit p. negligent
branch of medicine dealing with mental
17. q. legitimate
disorders
18.create by combining various ingredients r. listless
19.something used to reduce pain s. psychiatry
20.associate as a member t. qualm
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Exercise 3
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the following
definitions.
the
act
or
pr
oc
al
es
1. a. ar
s
m
of
qu
est
ion
ing
one who breaks into a building
2. b. alphabet
and steals
3.to strike or hit gently c. blank
4.qualifications or background d. blame
5.a set of English letters e. bounce
6.empty, without any marks f. burglar
7.a brief look; an indication g. compassion
to discover the existence of
8. h. credentials
something
having a bumpy surface; not
9. i. detect
smooth
to make someone scared or
10. j. expert
afraid
11.to spring or leap like a ball k. finesse
12.distinguished, excellent l. frighten
to talk on an on without saying
13. m.glimpse
much
ability to handle difficult situations
14. n. inquiry
well
15.a device that sound a warning o. interfere
feeling of sympathy towards
16. p. outstanding
another person
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to accuse someone or
17. q. rough
wrongdoing
a person with a high degree of
18. r. ramble
knowledge or skill
to get in the way; prevent
19. s. tap
someone from doing a task
20.covering a large area t. widespread
Unit 5
Reading: Half-Truths
Beware of those who use the truth to deceive. When someone tells you
something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be
included, he can create a false impression.
For example, someone might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the
lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for
one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he
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bought two hundred tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he deliberately omitted
important information. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically
lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Untrustworthy candidates in political campaigns often use this tactic. Let’s
say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and
gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her opponents
runs an ad saying, “During Governor Smith’s term, the sate lost one million jobs!”
That’s true. However an honest statement would have been, “During Governor
Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make
false claims so they try to mislead you with the truth. An ad might boast, “Nine
out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples.” It fails to
mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky
Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are
lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
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3. What does “omitted” mean?
a. spent money
b. left out
c. told about
d. exposed
15
Unit 6
Contrasting
However,
Yes, but . . .
16
You may be right, but . . .
On the contrary,
Classifying
1)
2)
3)
A)
B)
C)
17
D)
Discussion Techniques
Opening a discussion
To begin with,
We need to discuss . . .
determine
find out
issue
question
Let's look at . . .
It looks like . . .
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It appears that . . .
Responding
Sounds good.
brings up
Getting started
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We have several alternatives:
We have two options:
We could either . . . or . . .
Moving on
Let's move on to Item 2.
Let's move on to the next topic.
We need to move on.
The next item (of business) is . . .
We need to go on to the next item.
Shall/Should we move on?
Stalling the Discussion
Before we move on, I think we should . . .
Wait a minute. We haven't discussed . . .
Don't you think we need to . . .
Not so fast. We haven't (yet) . . .
Asking for Clarification
What do you mean by . . . .
I don't quite follow you.
I didn't get what you meant by . . .
Could you clarify that?
Could you elaborate on that?
Making a Suggestion/Proposal
I think we should . . .
Maybe we should . . .
I suggest . . .
Why don't we . . .
How about . . .
We could . . .
Giving Feedback
(I think) that's a good idea.
You have a good point.
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Good idea/point.
I agree.
I disagree. I think . . .
Sorry. I don't agree with you.
You have a good point, but . . .
That's not such a good idea.
I don't think that's a good idea.
Elaborating
Asking for Elaboration
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Could you give (me) some details?
Elaborating
To elaborate,
Let me explain.
Let me elaborate.
What's more,
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Unit 7
Word Meanings From Context
Use the context to help you determine the meaning of each
highlighted word.
1. Your cousin claimed to be late because the doors of his house were frozen shut. Even
though I have my doubts, his explanation is plausible. It got really cold last night. I'll
just have to take his word for it.
a. reduce
b. follow
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c. behind
d. buy
3. No word must ever leak out about this military action! It has to be a clandestine
operation in order to succeed.
a. family
b. useful
c. dangerous
d. secret
4. Put this medicine on your arm and rub it into your skin until it's invisible. It will
inhibit the infection's attempt to spread.
Use the context to help you choose the best meaning or synonym
for each highlighted word.
1. Your plan looks good. I hope it will really work. It’s time to implement it and see
if it’s as brilliant as you claim.
a. instrument
b. take apart
c. change
d. carry out
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2. If your plan fails, we’ll have to find someone who can devise a better one.
a. design
b. dislike
c. appliance
d. to use peanut butter as toothpaste
3. Of course, I’m not saying that your plan is no good. I tend to be optimistic, so I
won’t be surprised when you succeed.
4. When your plan brings us great wealth, you will be rewarded for your sagacity.
a. good looks
b. mistakes
c. intelligence
d. huge appetite for herbs
5. No matter what happens, I assure you that I will not forget how hard you have
worked on this project.
a. dare
b. promise
c. act like a donkey
d. forget
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Unit 8
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“That’s right,” the lady replied.
“That’s not possible!” Perry pronounced.
“Why can’t I have green peppers on the whole pizza?”
“I mean the pepperoni part.”
“I don’t see why pepperoni placement is so difficult,” the lady said. “But if that’s
too much trouble, just put the pepperoni on the whole pizza!” she added impatiently.
Perry sighed. “That will be twelve dollars and fourteen cents.”
“Can you deliver my pizza?”
“Sure can. What’s your address?”
“There’s no number, but I live on Forestview Road.”
“Can you help me a little more than that?” Perry asked, trying to be as pleasant as
possible.
“I live in a white trailer with a pickup truck in the driveway,” responded the lady.
Perry wanted to scream, “So does everyone else in this county!” but he restrained
himself. “Can you give me a little more help than that?” he asked calmly.
“Yes, there is no blue picket fence in front of our home,” said the lady.
“Are there blue picket fences in front of all the other homes on your road?”
“No, silly, but we used to have one a few years ago. Just look for the home that
doesn’t have one there anymore.”
Perry began to dream about early retirement. “I’m kind of confused,” he said in a
shaky voice.
“No offense, sir,” the lady said, “but you do have a listening comprehension
problem.”
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5. Perry wasn’t good at understanding what people were saying.
6. The caller said that she lived on Forestview Road.
Read the selection without stopping to choose the correct missing words. Then read it
again, pausing to underline the correct words. Finally, read the selection again to see
if it makes sense.
Dog Face
I __1__ by Mr. J. Gerald Cowcamper’s house one day and was greeted by a rather
old looking dog. She was a gentle beast who __2__ her tail as she pushed her nose
against my hand.
“What’s her __3__?” I asked.
“I call her ‘Dog Face,’” replied the old __4__.
“__5__ do you call her that?” I inquired.
“Isn’t it obvious?” asked Mr. Cowcamper.
“Not really.”
Mr. Cowcamper cradled the old animal’s head in his hands. “If you __6__ at just
the right angle, you can see that she seems to have a dog’s face,” he __7__.
“But she is a __8__!” I said.
“Shhhh!” Mr. Cowcamper responded with the loudest whisper I have ever __9__.
“Don’t let her hear you say that!”
I said __10__, because I didn’t know what to say.
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10. here Yes words nothing
Unit 9
Academic Vocabulary
Exercise 1:
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the
following definitions.
get
mo
ne
alt
y
er
thr
1. a. na
ou
tiv
gh
e
wo
rki
ng
2.condition of being poor b. consumer
3.False idea, dream c. discrimination
4.without companionship d. earn
5.ability, talent e. encourage
6.person who buys things f. ignore
7.woman whose husband has died g. illusion
8.don't pay attention h. immigrant
9.give help, support or confidence i. irrelevant
10.Possess j. lonely
11.perceive thorough the senses, see k. observe
12.choice, selection, option l. own
13.pertaining to a specific job m.participation
14.person who comes into a country to live n. poverty
15.go up, get higher o. practical
16.not related or applicable p. rise
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taking part, getting involved in a group
17. q. skill
activity
18.person who gives service without pay r. vocational
19.useful and realistic s. volunteer
treating people unfairly because of
20. t. widow
differences in race,
gender, etc.
Exercise 2:
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the following
definitions.
noise usually followed by a flash of
1. a. Axe
lightning
an absorbent material used for
2. b. Blade
washing
an arch containing the colors of the
3. c. Cage
spectrum
a hole or crack which allows water
4. d. Cork
to pass thorough
a substance painted on wood to
5. e. Crook
make it glossy
formed when two ropes are tied
6. f. Dozen
together
unit of weight, one-sixteenth of a
7. g. Eyelid
pound
8.instrument used in chopping wood h. Emerald
9.a set of twelve i. Knot
wood which has been sawed into
10. j. Leak
boards
the flat, cutting edge of a knife or
11. k. Lumber
tool
12.a thief, criminal, swindler l. Ounce
a narrow strip of cloth used for
13. m.Plug
decoration
an instrument used for measuring
14. n. Railing
temperature
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a bar which is used for support
15. o. Rainbow
when climbing stairs
a fold of skin which covers the
16. p. Ribbon
eyeball
a precious stone of bright green
17. q. Sponge
color
a structure made of wires or bars
18. r. Thermometer
for confining animals
part of a machine which is
19. s. Thunder
connected to an electrical source
material from the bark of a tree,
20. t. Varnish
often used as stoppers for
wine bottles
Exercise 3:
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the following
definitions.
1.to make the quality of something worse a. Bake
2.to lay or bend something over upon itself b. Barrel
3.a grainy type of soil found on beaches c. Bat
to be under obligation or indebted to
4. d. Chew
someone
5.to cover with paper, cloth, or plastic e. Fold
to compress; press closely, usually for
6. f. Hanger
extracting juice
7.a small, furry mammal which flies at night g. Log
8.to move food or drinks down the throat h. Melt
9.a device upon which clothing is hung i. Owe
open the mouth in an expression of
10. j. Rinse
sleepiness
to immerse or drench in water or other
11. k. Sand
liquid
12.to cook in an oven l. Sheet
a large thin cloth which can be spread on
13. m.Soak
a bed
14.to reduce from a solid to a liquid by heat n. Spill
15.to cut and grind with the teeth o. Spoil
16.a fallen tree trunk or bulky piece of timber p. Squeeze
17.to allow something to fall or run out of a q. Swallow
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vessel or container
18.to move back and forth, sway r. Swing
to cleanse with water after washing with
19. s. Wrap
soap
a large round container used for holding
20. t. Yawn
great amounts of liquid
Exercise 4:
Enter the letter into the box from the word that matches the following
definitions.
1.Path, road, way a. approach
2.fighter b. collapse
3.person who is not brave c. conquer
4.develop slowly d. coward
5.fall down e. evolve
6.Poor, simple farmer f. expansion
7.terrible hunger g. fleet
8.complete commercial control h. incredible
9.Very valuable i. inhabitant
10.Large building for storage j. monopoly
11.resident k. peak
12.get closer l. peasant
13.group of ships m.priceless
14.Huge n. route
15.Defeat o. severe
16.top of the mountain p. starvation
17.cruel, harsh q. vast
18.wild, unsettled area r. warehouse
19.Growth s. Warrior
20.Unbelievable t. Wilderness
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Unit 10
believe in (something)
belong to (someone)
33
blame (someone) for ([doing] something)
borrow (something) from (someone)
decide on (topic)
depend on (someone) for (something)
discuss (something) with (someone)
distinguish (something) from (something else)
dream about/of (someone/something)
happen to (someone)
help (someone) with (something)
hide (something) from (someone)
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insist (up)on (something)
introduce (someone) to (someone else)
invite (someone) to (an event)
matter to (someone)
object to (something)
participate in (something)
pay (price) for (something)
pray for (someone/something)
prefer (something) to (something else)
prevent (someone) from ([doing] something)
prohibit (someone) from ([doing] something)
protect (someone) from (something)
provide (someone) with (something)
35
substitute (something) for (something else/someone)
subtract (something) from (something else)
succeed in ([doing] something)
suffer from (something)
36
Unit 11
Clarifying
Here are some phrases for clarifying and checking for clarification.
In other words,
What I mean is . . .
37
What I wanted to say was . . .
To clarify,
You mean . . .
Interrupting
Interrupting politely
Excuse me,
38
Pardon me,
Sorry to interrupt,
Anyway,
To get back to . . .
Giving Instructions
How do I . . . ?
39
What is the first step?
Giving Instructions
Sequencing
First, (you) . . .
Then, (you) . . .
Next, (you) . . .
Lastly, (you) . . .
Starting out
I would start by . . .
To begin with,
Continuing
After that,
Finishing
In the end,
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When you've finished,
Unit 12
Reading: Treasure, Part I
Trogmire Troll was dealing with a crisis. The new girl in class really liked
him a lot. Trogmire was not happy about it.
Trogmire’s good friend, Tremor Troll, tried to comfort him. “What’s the big
deal? I think Treasure Troll is kind of cute. And she seems to be nice enough.”
Trogmire swallowed his last bite of poison sumac salad and glared at
Tremor. “Then why don’t you ask her to be your girlfriend? There she is, sitting all
41
by herself at the other end of the cafeteria. March over there and ask her to be
your sweetie-poo!”
“She’s crazy about you, not me,” Tremor replied.
“Well, I don’t want any girlfriend, especially not a weird pesky one like
her!” Trogmire growled.
Tremor wouldn’t give up. “The only thing pesky about her is that she
keeps writing you those notes and she stares -”
“Yucky love notes!” Trogmire interrupted. He took another sip of mole
milk. “Did you notice those strange brown eyes? Why aren’t they normal red or
pink?”
Tremor took another look at Treasure. “I think her face is a lovely shade
of green. And her dark green curly hair is quite pretty. Besides, she’s very sweet
and that’s what really matters.”
Trogmire stuck out his tongue. “I think I’m going to be sick! I’d better
save my dessert for later.” He crammed a small bag of Maggot Munchies into his
even smaller shirt pocket. “The fact is, I have a problem. That girl is getting on
my nerves!”
Tremor followed Trogmire's example and decided to save his dessert for
later. However, he carefully placed the bag into his lunch box. “Do you have any
ideas about how to solve your problem?” Tremor asked.
“I’m going to be mean and rude to her,” Trogmire announced. “I’ll call her
names and make ugly faces at her.”
“That’s how you treat everyone,” Tremor reminded his friend.
Trogmire nodded. “It’s time that Treasure got to know the real Trogmire
Troll!”
42
2. How did Trogmire feel about Treasure?
a. He felt annoyed.
b. He enjoyed the attention.
c. He wasn’t aware that she existed.
d. He was crazy about her.
a. No one
b. Tremor’s sister
c. Treasure Troll
d. A weird girl from another class
For Discussion:
Has someone ever liked you a lot more than you liked him or her?
What did you do about it? What’s the right thing to do?
43
Unit 13
Word Meanings From Context
Ryan is a great inventor. However, I don’t think that his latest invention, edible
socks, is likely to be too successful. Not many people want to eat socks. There
are some things in life that should remain inedible.
Marsha is really an introvert. When I took her to Jason’s party, she sat in a corner
without speaking to anyone. All she did was eat most of the snacks. The only
reason she hangs out with me is because I never try to force her to be sociable.
She would never forgive me if I introduced her to anyone.
a. friendly
b. hungry
c. unclean
d. shy
Sunshine said, “Amber, why are you making such a big deal about Robert’s hair?
Yes, he did dye it purple. It is rather unusual for a guy to have purple hair. On the
44
other hand, it’s not exactly going to change the course of world history. It’s really
quite a trivial matter.”
a. strange
b. unimportant
c. disgusting
d. dangerous
The United States has a new president. Americans are hopeful that George W.
Bush will succeed in dealing with some of the major problems that our nation
faces. Some feel that the task will be made extremely difficult by the controversial
way that the election ended. Others are very confident that our new leader is a
man who will bring people together to get things done.
The Giants and the Ravens will be the ___________ teams in the Super Bowl.
45
5. Which word in the selection is a synonym of “nation”?
6. Which word in the selection means the rank (place in order) of importance?
Megan was determined to finish her homework before bedtime. She still had to
start her math assignment; it would take at least an hour to complete. She sighed
and thought, “I’ve been working really hard since right after dinner!”
There are some very different opinions about the outcome of the presidential
election. James insists that Al Gore really won the election and that the U.S.
Supreme Court took it away from him. He didn’t have the same kind of objections
when the Florida Supreme Court ruled for his candidate. Is James right, or is he
just a sore loser?
In my opinion, the final decision was correct. The Supreme Court of the United
States ruled against a very bad and unequal process. Votes weren’t being
counted, they were being assigned to people who hadn’t cast legal votes.
George W. Bush was the true winner of the presidential election.
46
Unit 14
Preposition Collocations with "Be"
be carried away
be capable of be caught up in
about/with
be centered around be certain of be charged with
be classified as be clear about be clear to
be clever at be close to be cluttered (up) with
47
be a combination of be compared to be compensated for
be composed of be comprised of be concerned about/with
be confident of be confused about be congratulated for/on
be connected to/with be conned into be considerate of
be considered for be content with be contrary to
be convenient for/to be convinced of be convicted of/for
be coordinated with be covered with be crammed into
be crazy about be credited with be criticized for/as
be crowded with
48
be gone to/with be grateful for/to be guilty of
be jealous of
49
be mad at/about be made of/from be married to
be a matter of be the matter with be mean to
be meant to be a measure of be mindful of
be more than
50
be satisfied with be saved from be scared of
be selected as/for be sensible about be separated from
be set on be shocked at be short of
be sick of/about be a sign of be similar to
be soft on be sorry about/for be sort of
be south of be specialized in be spoken for
be startled at be strange to be a stranger to
be stressed out about be stuck on/with be stunned at
be subject to be sufficient for be suitable for
be superior to be sure of be surprised at/about
be suspected of be suspended from be a symbol of
51
Unit 15
Reading: Treasure, Part 2
It was a warm and sunny autumn day: a perfect time to spend the last
half of the lunch hour on the playground. Many of the students at Troll Knoll
School were enjoying recess. Others were still in the cafeteria. Trogmire Troll and
his friends were among those who were enjoying play time.
Troubled Troll was “it” in a friendly game of Simon Screams. “Simon
screams,” he screamed, “eat dirt!”
Trogmire Troll, Tremor Troll, Tantrum Troll, and Truman Troll all
pretended to eat dirt. They were too stuffed from lunch to really eat any dirt.
“Simon screams,” Troubled continued with a wicked grin, “Trogmire has
a girlfriend!”
There was a lot of laughter. Trogmire Troll was not laughing, however.
“I quit this stupid game!” Trogmire announced. He stalked away, heading
toward the school. At that very moment, Treasure Troll walked out of the building.
She was with her friends, Trivia Troll and Truffle Troll, but her eyes were focused
only on Trogmire.
Treasure held a small folded piece of paper in her hand. Trogmire
attempted to walk past her without acknowledging that he even noticed her. “Hi,
Trogmire,” Treasure said, and she reached out to give him the paper.
Trogmire refused to accept the offering. He kicked the ground, spraying
sand all over Treasure’s pink dress. “Stay away from me, you dumb girl!” he
yelled.
Trogmire would have been satisfied if Treasure had kicked sand back at
him. It would have been fine if she had called him any bad name in the world.
Trogmire would have felt lucky if Treasure hated him. But this did not appear to
be Trogmire Troll’s lucky day.
Treasure Troll brushed the sand off her dress. She stood quietly for a
few seconds and looked at Trogmire. There was no expression of hatred or even
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anger. She just stared at him with eyes that showed only sadness and
disappointment. Without saying a word, Treasure turned around and walked back
toward the school. She paused and dropped the rejected paper into a large trash
can that stood by the door.
Trogmire watched as she disappeared through the doorway. He was
confused, and not even sure how he felt. Suddenly, he noticed someone
standing by his side with a great big smile on a less than friendly face. Oh no, it
was Tattle Troll! Trogmire had just made Tattle’s day.
2. Do you think that Trogmire felt good about how he treated Treasure? Explain,
being sure to refer to examples from the story.
3. What events do you think will occur in the next part of the story? Explain the
reasoning behind your predictions.
Treasure, Part 3
The sign on the door said, “T. Rubric Troll.” No one knew what the T
stood for, and no one dared ask.
Trogmire Troll stood outside the principal’s office with a large sheet of
paper in his hand. The playground monitor, Ms. Trouncer Troll, had written a
lengthy narrative describing Trogmire’s behavior.
Before Trogmire could knock on the door, it opened. The principal was
standing there with a bottle of bubbly brown liquid in his hand. “Come in and
have a seat, Trogmire,” he said.
“I was just enjoying a bottle of my favorite drink, toadstool juice soda,”
Mr. T. Rubric Troll said. “ It’s one of the few things you can still get in good old-
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fashioned glass!”
“Yes, sir,” said Trogmire.
“It’s very bad manners for anyone to eat or drink in front of someone who
isn’t also eating or drinking,” the principal continued. “What do you suppose will
have to happen?”
“I’ll have to turn around so you can drink behind me,” Trogmire replied.
“No!” the principal boomed. “I, a polite and proper troll, must offer you a
bottle of soda. Would you care to have a bottle of toadstool juice soda?”
Trogmire hated toadstool juice soda, but he didn’t want to offend the
principal. “Thank you, sir,” he said.
The principal held out a bottle for Trogmire. “Here you are, lad,” he said
cheerfully, “drink up!”
“Thank you very much,” Trogmire said. He didn’t wish to prolong the
agony, so he put his head back and chugged down the bottle’s entire contents in
four seconds flat! Trogmire tried to be gracious. “That was very nice. I
--ERRRRRRUUP!” The sound was so loud that a picture on the principal’s desk
fell over.
“You burped!” bellowed the principal.
Trogmire wanted to say, “I know that,” but instead he said, “I didn’t mean
to!”
“What does a proper troll say when he makes any disgusting bodily
sound?” asked the principal. He didn’t wait for an answer. “He says, ‘Pardon the
expression.’”
“Pardon the expression,” said Trogmire.
“That’s better,” said Mr. T. Rubric Troll. “Now, let’s see what’s written on
your pass.”
Trogmire reluctantly handed over the document. The principal put on his
glasses and stared intently at the paper. A look of disbelief came over his face as
he read the message. Trogmire squirmed in his seat.
“This makes me very sad,” the principal said softly.
Trogmire Troll could not think of anything to say.
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“Can you explain why you mistreated that young lady?”
“She loves me and--”
“This can’t be true! This is too terrible,” Mr. T. Rubric Troll stated as he
shook his head.
1. Why did Ms. Trouncer Troll write a message for the principal?
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c. You have just had a drink of soda.
d. You would really rather not do it.
5. “‘This makes me very sad,’ the principal said softly.” What made Mr. T.
Rubric Troll feel sad?
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Unit 16
Word Meanings From Context
Political Polls
Many people are closely following the political polls during the final weeks
preceding this important election. But how do these polls actually work?
Polls are surveys of a relatively small number of people compared to the
actual number who will vote. They are an attempt to determine who may
actually win an election in advance of the final vote.
Let’s say that 100 million people are expected to vote in the general
election. If 100 people are asked for their opinions, each respondent represents
a million voters. Obviously, the results of such a poll are not very reliable. The
more people surveyed, the more meaningful are the results.
Pollsters have various ways of making their polls more accurate. They try
to find a representative variety of people to question. For example, they look for
people with similar backgrounds and from similar regions to those of all the
voters.
Pollsters also ask questions that try to determine how many people who
support each candidate will actually vote. If a candidate has a higher percentage
of enthusiastic supporters than his opponent, he has a better chance of winning
than the simple numbers might suggest. Pollsters may only count those who they
consider to be “likely voters.”
If we look at polls that are taken over time, we can often detect a trend.
We can tell if a candidate is gaining or losing support when we compare the most
recent poll to earlier ones.
Polls often ask potential (those who could be) voters what they like or
dislike about each candidate. The campaigns use those results to help them
decide which issues to stress or which positions to clarify. They can also
determine which voters to target with their messages.
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Because no two people are the same, polls can never be perfect predictors
of the real vote. But they can give important clues as to where things may be
heading. At the very least, if you like politics, polls can be great entertainment.
Solve the puzzle using the highlighted words from the article.
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Across Down
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Unit 17
Main Idea
The main idea of a paragraph is what all the sentences are about. Read the
paragraph and ask, “What’s your point?” That will help you zero in on the main
idea.
Read each paragraph carefully. Choose the best answer to the questions
that follow.
1. Juan loves to play games. His favorite game is chess because it requires a
great deal of thought. Juan also likes to play less demanding board games that
are based mostly on luck. He prefers Monopoly because it requires luck and skill.
If he’s alone, Juan likes to play action video games as long as they aren’t too
violent.
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c. All cartoons are bad.
d. Some cartoons are bad for Maria.
3. Samantha, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your
scratchy voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way that
you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!
4. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants. They will
look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these
mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in kind. Amazingly, the
robots of the future will be able to learn from experience. They will be smart,
strong, and untiring workers whose only goal will be to make our lives easier.
a. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants.
b. We will be able to talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to
respond in kind.
c. They will look and behave much like real humans.
d. Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from experience.
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Using Inference
Sometimes someone will try to tell you something without coming right out and
saying it. He will imply it. When you understand what is implied, you infer.
Sometimes you can infer the truth even when the speaker or writer isn’t trying to
be helpful. That’s called “reading between the lines.”
See if you can infer an implied or hidden message in each of the following
selections.
Turner almost wished that he hadn’t listened to the radio. He went to the
closet and grabbed his umbrella. He would feel silly carrying it to the bus stop on
such a sunny morning.
“Larry, as your boss, I must say it’s been very interesting working with
you,” Miss Valdez said. “However, it seems that our company’s needs and your
performance style are not well matched. Therefore, it makes me very sad to have
to ask you to resign your position effective today.”
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No, Honey, I don’t want you to spend a lot of money on my birthday
present. Just having you for a husband is the only gift I need. In fact, I’ll just drive
my old rusty bucket of bolts down to the mall and buy myself a little present. And
if the poor old car doesn't break down, I’ll be back soon.
Bill and Jessica were almost done taking turns choosing the players for
their teams. It was Jessica’s turn to choose, and only Kurt was left.
Jessica said, “Kurt.”
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