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My =~vVsm; (2)
Ma _--~aVsm; (3)
w h e r e Gv is the flow of the saturated vapor into the drum; d M l v / d r and dM2v/dT, r a t e s of condensation of the
s t e a m on the walls of the d r u m and in the packing; My, a m o u n t o f vapor in the d r u m at time T; Vsm, volume of
the s t e a m - a i r m i x t u r e at t i m e ~'; V, d r u m volume; Ma, m a s s of a i r in volume V0; Mla m a s s of a i r in the r e s t
of the drum; Pa, density of the a i r in that volume; and pv a n d ~ a , partial densities of the vapor and a i r in the
steam- air mixture.
T h e condensation r a t e dMlv/d~- f o r the walls of the d r u m is given by
T r a n s l a t e d from Atomnaya ]~nergiya, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 91-94, August, 1979. Original a r t i c l e submitted
June 5, 1978.
100
80
S
60
40 vo
Gv
ZO I ~ I I - -
20 40 60 80 ~sec
F i g . 1. T e m p e r a t u r e s of l a y e r s of c e - F i g . 2. W o r k i n g
r a m i c r i n g s a s functions of t i m e : 1-4 scheme for p r e s ,
a r e t h e n u m b e r s of the l a y e r s r e c k o n e d s u r e change in
from the bottom. drum.
MP
o,z \',~
qI'4[~/
o,~o.
0 70 20 J0 40 ~,see
F i g . 3. P r e s s u r e v a r i a t i o n in d r u m f o r Dy = 15 m m ,
P0 = 12 MPa, and T o = 300~ Upper p o s i t i o n of pipe:
s o l i d line) f r o m e x p e r i m e n t , b r o k e n line) c a l c u l a t i o n
f o r k 2 = 400 W / m 2 9 d e g C , d o t - d a s h l i n e ) c a l c u l a t i o n f o r
k 2 = 200 W / m 2 9d e g C , a n d - . o - l i n e ) c a l c u l a t i o n f o r
k 2 = 100 W / m 2 - deg C.
615
MPa
J/ _~---f I
Ii.,",,Y 1 .
/ 1-'r 1
0 10 ?0 30 40 % ~c 10 Z0 30 40 g sec
Fig. 4 Fig. 5
Fig. 4. P r e s s u r e change in a v e s s e l : Dy = 10 m m , P0 = 12 MPa, T o = 300~ Upper
position of pipe: solid line) f r o m e x p e r i m e n t , b r o k e n line)calculation f o r k 2 = 400 W / m 2 9
d e g C , d o t - d a s h line)calculation for k 2 = 200 W / m 2 9degC, a n d - . . - l i n e ) calculation for
k 2 = 100 W / m 2 . deg C.
Fig.5. P r e s s u r e change in v e s s e l : Dy = 6 m m , P0 = 12 MPa, T o = 300~ Upper posi-.
tion of pipe: solid line) fro m e x p e r i m e n t , b r o k e n line) calculation f o r k 2 = 400 W / m 2- deg C,
d o t - d a s h line) calculation f o r k 2 = 200 W / m z "deg C, and . . . . line) c a l c u l a t i o n f o r k2 = 100
W / I n 2 9deg C.
M 2 v = - - ~ - I ~dVsm
, (~) (T2 (~, ~) -- To) d~, (7)
0
w h e r e c 2 is the specific heat of the packing m a t e r i a l and m 2 is the m a s s of packing p e r unit f r e e volume.
Differentiation of (7) gives
616
w h e r e F2 is the s u r f a c e a r e a of the packing p e r unit volume [7] and ke is the h e a t - t r a n s f e r coefficient f o r the
rings.
We substitute (9) into (8) to get
d~ ~ a _~ d~a des ~ v
dV,m = d--V~ d--T-"~ a,, d~-
dT M l a~W~ra ,
(14)
dT ~ -Ts dPa l
~v 4v d, RTo
617