DIFFERENCE IN BRUSH PLAQUE INDEX BRUSH DENTAL COMBINATION

TECHNIQUES IN FIRST MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Faizi, M, N
Diploma IV Dental Therapist of Dental Nurs

Abstract

Plaque is a major cause of caries and periodontal disease. Plaque can be cleaned by mechanical means of brushing teeth. The
data shows that there is a decrease in the correct behavior of brushing teeth from 6.2% in 2007 to 1.7% in 2013. Based on the
types of movements performed, there are six groups of tooth brushing techniques. Every tooth brushing technique has
advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the combination of roll and
horizontal brushing plaque index techniques with a combination of vertical and horizontal techniques in Class IV-V students of
SDN 08 Kubang Duo Koto Panjang. The research uses methoda quasi-experimental method with a pretest and post-test design.
54 people were taken by simple random sampling. Retrieval of data through observation and treatment. The results of data
analysis using a statistical test with the T-Test showed that there was a significant difference between the plaque index of the
brushing teeth combination of roll and horizontal techniques with a combination of vertical and horizontal techniques with a p
value of 0.03. The combination of roll and horizontal techniques is more effective in reducing plaque. It is recommended for
elementary school students to apply a combination of roll and horizontal brushing routinely at least 2 times a day to prevent
dental and mouth disease.

Keywords: Plaque Index, Tooth Brushing

Technique

THE DIFFERENCE PLAQUE INDEX OF BRUSHING TEETH A

COMBINATION TO GRADE STUDENTS

Abstract

Plaque is caused of the caries and periodontal diseases. Plaque can be cleaned up by mechanization that is brushing teeth. The
data show that decline in behave right of brushing teeth from 6.2% in 2007 to 1.7% in 2013. Best on the kinds of movement of
tooth brushing, there are six methods. Every technique of brushing teeth has a overbalance and shortage. The objective
research is knowing the differences in plaque index of brushing teeth a combination of roll and horizontal techniques with a
combination of vertical and horizontal techniques to grade IV - V students in SDN 08 Kubang Duo Koto Panjang. The method
researchis quasi experiment with pretest and posttest approach. Technique sampling is random sampling as many as 54
people.data Retrieval through observation and treatment. The statistical data analysis with T-Test Showed the significant
difference between plaque index of brushing teeth a combination of techniques and horizontal roll with a combination of vertical
and horizontal techniques with p value of 0.03. A combination of roll and horizontal techniques is more effectively lowering
plaque. Suggestion for students to apply tooth brushing a combination of roll and horizontal routines routinely every day 2 times
to prevent the oral diseases.

Keywords: Plaque Index, Tooth Brushing Techniques

Introduction Oral and dental health is an
inseparable part of general bodily health. If
disturbances occur due to poor maintenance of
oral and dental hygiene it will interfere with the
function of speech, mastication, individual
confidence and health and in general can affect
the quality of life. Existing data suggest the
prevalence of dental and oral health problems in
Indonesia increased from 23.4% in 2007 to
25.9% in 2013. problems Dental healthin West
Sumatra province also increased from 21.6% to
22.2% in children age 10-14. The problem most
complained by residents in Indonesia is caries
and periodontal disease. The main cause of
periodontal disease is dental plaque. The data
showed that a decline behaves properly brush
your teeth from 6.2% in 2007 to 1.7% in 2013.
Clinically proven,cavity oral disease, periodontal
showed accumulation of plaque that much
more.Plaque cannot be cleaned by gargling and
can only be cleaned completely by mechanical
means of brushing teeth. Based on the types of
movements performed, brushing techniques can
be classified into six groups, namely, vertical,
horizontal, roll, vibratory, fone's, and physiological
techniques. There is no single brushing method
that can clean all tooth surfaces. Every tooth
brushing technique has advantages and
disadvantages. Among them horizontal technique
has the advantage of being able to clean surfaces
labial, buccal, occlusal, lingual, palatal and the
drawback is that it can cause gum recession and
tooth abrasion, the gums are not massaged, and
thepart interdental cannot be cleaned. The
superiority of the roll technique is that it can
cleansurfaces labial, buccal, lingual and palatal,
can produce gum massage and clean up food
debris in interdental areas but this technique
cannot cleansurfaces occlusal tooth.(6) Research
on the influence of illumination toothbrushing
techniquecombination vertical
horizontalshowed no effect of technique
brushinghorizontal vertical combination of the
hygiene dental and oralwith p value of 0.000.
Combination technique that combines several
techniques in brushing teeth, this technique is
quite effective to use because it can clean the
surface of the tooth properly according to the
location, shape and position of the teeth. This
study aims to determine the differences in the
plaque index of the brushing of teeth
combination of roll and horizontal techniques
with the combination of vertical
andtechniques horizontal in Class VII
students of Kubang Duo Koto Panjang.
Methods
This study uses amethod quasi-experimental
with a pretest and post-test design. The
design of pretest and posttest conducted has
a pattern of observation / inspection and
treatment.Examination is carried out twice,
namely plaque index examination before
brushing teeth with a combination of roll and
horizontal techniques as well as a
combination oftechniques vertical and
horizontaland plaque index checking after
brushing teeth with a combination of roll and
horizontal techniques as well as a
combination of vertical and horizontal
techniques. The time of the study was in
March 2017 at SMPN 12 TASIKMALAYA.
Thepopulation studywas all students of class
VII A and VII B, amounting to 61 people.
Sampling was carried out with a simple
random sampling technique of 54 people.
The sampledivided into 2 groupssize was of
27 people each. Determination of the sample
for each group is done by lottery. Next the
researchers taught how to brush teeth for two
weeks. Thegroup firstwas taught to brush
 teeth with a combination of roll and horizontal
techniques and the second group was to brush
teeth with a combination of vertical andtechniques
horizontal. The following week researchers
examined the Plaque Index before and after
brushing their teeth in group I and group II. The
examination results are recorded in theformat
inspection Plaque Index. Examination activities
were carried out
for 2 days. The first day for group I and the
second day for group II. During the research the
researcher was assisted by 4 enumerators who
were tasked with supervising and controlling the
children at the time of the study. After the data is
collected and processed then an univariate and
bivariate analysis is done using thetest T-
Test.s.(9)
Results results of research on differences in
respondent plaque index showed that there
was an average difference between the
plaque index before and after brushing the
combination of roll andtechniques horizontal
of 1.57 and the average difference in the
plaque index before and after brushing teeth
with a combination of vertical techniques and
horizontal 1.15. Then the statistical test using
the T-Test was obtained p value of 0.03 (0.03
<0.05) then Ho was accepted, which means
there isdifference a significantbetween the
plaque index of respondents who brush their
teeth with a combination of roll and horizontal
techniques and combinations vertical and
horizontal techniques.
Discussion
The results of research on the plaque
index of respondents before and after brushing
their teeth with a combination of roll and
horizontal techniques contained a total difference
in plaque index of 42.52 with an average of
1.57. According to researchers, this is
because they are used to it respondents
besides that respondents have been trained
to brush their teeth for 2 weeks with a
combination of roll and horizontal techniques.
When researching or brushing teeth more
respondents were serious when brushing
their teeth, so they could clean plaque on the
surface of the teeth.
This is reinforced by the theory
which states that since childhood humans
have learned to brush their teeth to clean
teeth and may still use the same technique
until adulthood. Horizontal technique is also
proven to be a technique that is in
accordance with the anatomical shape of
teeth. This method is more able to enter the
interdental sulcus than other methods and is
simple enough so that it can
clean plaque that is in theregion sulcus
interdental.
Changes in behavior can be
identified in the learning process with
practices or exercises that are done
intentionally, consciously and not
accidentally. So, changes in behavior that
occur in a conscious state is a change in
learning outcomes.(11) There are two
processes which are responsible for the way
children use and adapt their schemes,
namely assimilation and accommodation.
Assimilation occurs when children
incorporate new knowledge in existing
knowledge, whereas accommodation occurs
when children adjust to new information.(12)
Another 2014 study stated that brushing with
horizontal technique was 44 times greater
than the roll technique of 29.22 and vertical
technique was 34.37.(13)
 Respondent plaque index before and
after brushing teeth with a combination
oftechniques vertical and horizontalthere is a
difference of 31.06 with an average of 1.15.
According to the researchers this happened
because respondents were accustomed to
brushing their teeth with a combination of vertical
andtechniques horizontal. In addition, during the
study more respondents were not serious about
brushing their teeth so that respondents could not
clean the leftover food.
The theory states that the vertical
technique is a technique that is simple and can
clean the plaque, but can not reach all parts of
the tooth as other techniques perfectly so that
when brushing is not correct then the removal of
plaque is not optimal. The surface of the teeth
that are cleaned is the surface of the teeth facing
the lips and the surface of the teeth facing the
cheeks. This study is in line with other studies in
2014 which said that the plaque index before
brushing teeth with a horizontal technique of
70.83 and after brushing teeth with a horizontal
technique of 26.83 with a difference of 44, the
plaque index before brushing with a roll technique
of 65 , 54 and after brushing teeth with a roll
technique of 31.27 with a difference of 29.22, and
plaque index before
brushing teeth with a vertical technique of 60.08
and after brushing with a vertical technique of
31.27 with a difference of 34, 37. This means that
horizontal techniques are more effective in
reducing plaque compared to roll and vertical
techniques. Another study in 2015 said that
respondents who brushed two-way vertical teeth
)
mostly 86.3% had the severity ofrecession
gingival mild.
Furthermore , the average plaque index
of respondents showed a difference between
after brushing the combination of roll
andtechniques horizontal with an average of
1.57 compared to the average plaque index
after brushing with a combination of vertical
andtechniques horizontal of 1.15. The
decrease in plaque index is greater in a
combination of roll and horizontal techniques.
Statistical test results usingtest T-Test
obtained value p = 0.03 (0.03 <0.05), then Ho
accepted which means there is a significant
difference between the plaque index of
respondents who brush their teeth with a
combination of roll and horizontal and a
techniquescombination of vertical and
horizontal techniques.
There are a variety of brushing
techniques that are recommended, but the
roll technique is the most commonly
recommended technique, because it is
simple and easy to do for children. The
advantage of the roll technique is that it can
clean the labial, buccal, lingual, and
palatalsurfaces, while thesurface occlusal
can be cleaned using horizontal techniques.
Lack of horizontal technique is that it can
cause recession gumand tooth abrasion, the
gums are not massaged, and the interdental
part cannot be cleaned, while massage the
gums and clean the remaining food in
thearea interdental can be cleaned using the
roll technique. Surfaces that are cleaned in
the vertical technique are labial and buccal.
The weakness of the vertical technique is that
the gums are not massaged, can cause gum
recession and thesurface is occlusal not
cleaned.
Conclusion
Based on the results and
discussion, it can be concluded thatthere is
adifference significant between the plaque index Kesehatan. Jakarta; 2013
of the brushing teeth combination of roll and 4. Putri MH, dkk, Ilmu Pencegahan
horizontal techniques with the combination of Penyakit Ja- ringan Keras dan
vertical and horizontal techniques with p values = Jaringan Pendukung Gigi.
0.03 (0.03 <0.05). Tooth brushing combination of
roll and horizontal techniques is more effective for
decreasing the plaque index than the combination
of vertical and horizontal techniques. It is
suggested to elementary school students to
Total Indeks Plak
Teknik Menyikat Gigi Selisih Indeks Plak
Sebelum Sesudah
Kombinasi teknik roll dan horizontal 51,67 9,15 42,52
Rata-Rata 1,91 0,34 1,57
Kombinasi teknik vertikal dan horizontal 48,77 17,71 31,06
Rata-Rata 1,81 0,65 1,15
Kombinasi teknik roll dan horizontal 1,91 0,34 1,57
Kombinasi teknik vertikal dan horizontal 1,81 0,65 1,15
implement combination tooth brushing techniques
and horizontal roll regularly at least 2
times a day that is after breakfast and at night
before bed to maintain dental and oral hygiene so
as to prevent the occurrence of oral disease

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