Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Nov. 2011
Report
No.:EEDPL/181111/001
Client:
Gwalior Municipal
Corporation
Prepared By:
Elpro Energy Dimensions
Pvt.Ltd.
Bangalore
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Shri.Puneet Gujral,SE-II,MPUVN
Shri.Chouhan,Local officer,MPUVN
Shri.K.K.Shrivastava,Project Manager,ADB
Shri.Ati Bal singh yadav,City Engineer
Shri.Rathore,Deputy City Engineer
Shri.Dinkar- Engineer,Electrical Department
Kum.Abhilasha-Engineer,Electrical Department
I am thankful to MP Urja Vikas Nigam and their officers at Bhopal and Gwalior
for the help rendered during the course of preparation of the master plan.
EEDPL/GMC/Solar city/2011 Page 2
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
Thanks also due to the concerned officers from the Oil and gas agencies,
Private hotels, hospital, residential authorities ,etc for giving us required help time to
time without whose data ,this report could not have been completed.
Nalin Kanshal
No.6,7,8,IV Th N Block
Bangalore-560010.India.
Ph.:080-23123238, 23132035
email: info@elproenergy,com
Index
13.8 IREDA financing for energy efficiency and conservation measures (DSM)
14.0 Advancing implementation of the Solar City Master plan for Gwalior- Action
plan ....303
15.0 Key areas of focus for Gwalior and Pilot Projects ....304
16.0 Year Wise Goals ....314
17.0 Advancement in Renewable energy Technologies ....316
18.0 Conclusion
Annexure
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
References
List of tables
1. Preface
About 30% (285.35 million people, 2001 census) of the Indian population resides in
urban areas. In post-independence era while population of India has grown three
times, the urban population has grown five times. Urban areas are heavily
dependent on fossil fuels (often imported), for the maintenance of essential public
services, for powering homes, transport systems, infrastructure, industry and
commerce. The fossil fuels are increasingly becoming more expensive due to scarcity
of fuel and increase in demand. In addition to this, the environmental and social
impacts of the consumption of fossil fuels are increasingly becoming a concern.
These impacts include air pollution, global warming, waste disposal problems, land
degradation and the depletion of natural resources.
Tokyo has announced 20% share of renewable in total consumption by 2020 and
Australian government has initiated a Solar Cities programme.
Several Indian cities and towns are experiencing 15% growth in the peak electricity
demand. The local governments and the electricity utilities are finding it difficult to
cope with this rapid rise in demand and as a result most of the cities/towns are
facing severe electricity shortages. There is a need to develop a framework that will
encourage and assist cities in assessing their present energy consumption status,
setting clear targets for and preparing action plans for generating energy through
The Ministry has launched a Scheme on “Development of Solar Cities: under which a
total of 60 cities/towns are proposed to be supported for development as “Solar/
Green Cities” during the 11th Plan period. At least one city in each State to a
maximum of five cities in a State is being supported by the Ministry. The cities may
have population between 0.50 to 50 lakhs
The Goal of the program is to promote the use of Renewable Energy in Urban Areas
by providing support to the Municipal Corporations for preparation and
implementation of a Road Map to develop their cities as Solar Cities. The objectives
of the programme are given below:
The Gwalior Municipal Corporation and the Madhya Pradesh Urja Vikas Nigam with
sanction of the Ministry of New and Renewable energy granted the job of
development of Master Plan for Gwalior as Solar City to M/s Elpro Energy
Dimensions Pvt. Ltd which is an empanelled Solar City Consultant under the Ministry
of New and renewable Energy.Hence this study and report.
An effort has been made to keep all practical projects and implementable projects.
There is sufficient case for private participation in PPP mode and also all financing
and funding opportunities are also listed exhaustively. The underlying principle
behind preparation of the master plan is to enable rapid deployment of
recommendations and Pilot Projects.
2. Executive Summary
The Master plan to develop Gwalior as solar city provides insights into the
challenges and opportunities for implementing energy efficiency strategies and
outlines a set of actions for how best to proceed to achieve the aim of reducing 10%
of energy consumption in the next five years.
It is actively addressing energy efficiency for the Gwalior municipal
corporation which can significantly reduce Gwalior’s future energy growth, improve
community resiliency, and position Gwalior as a competitive place to invest, live and
grow. To allow Gwalior to advance with reducing energy demand and greenhouse
gas emissions, key focus areas for deploying energy efficiency in major sectors were
identified as
1. Residential Sector
2. Commercial and Institutional Sector
3. Industrial Sector
4. Municipal Sector
Solar energy is very large, inexhaustible source of energy. Currently Gwalior is
taking electricity from the state electricity board. The energy demand is increasing
day by day. Keeping each point in the mind (cost of power, different losses,
uncertain power cut) Extracting power from the solar is the one way to become
independent for the need of power. To foster the energy efficient techniques the
report addresses the advancing method which is as follows.
a) Develop an action plan with key stakeholder’s and Utilities
b) Continue To Improve Local Energy Information for Gwalior
c) Invest in the Resources and Knowledge to Advance Energy Efficiency\
d) Introduction
The following tables denote the planned energy efficiency and renewable energy
measures to achieve the above objective as per the Solar City master Plan developed
for Gwalior City.
TBA-To Be Assessed
ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES
Savings
Savings( Savings(la Savings(Ton
Investment kwh
No Project details Rs lakhs kh kWh nes of
(Rs. lakhs) upto
p.a.) p.a.) carbon/year)
2013
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
USE OF CFL-BACHAT LAMP
1 1.5 41.745 7.59 692.8
YOJANA 15.18
IMPLEMENTATION OF T-5 INLINE
2 93.5 105 15.97 1456.9
BALLAST 31.94
IMPLEMENTATION OF 5-STAR
3 500 208.137 31.54 2877.7
RATED AIR CONDITIONERS 63.08
IMPLEMENTATION OF DUCTED
4 1000 424.49 77.18 7600
AIR COOLERS 154.36
ENERGY STAR RATED
5 2000 337.15 61.3 5700
REFRIGERATORS 122.6
DEVELOPMENT OF A ZERO
6 1000
ENERGY HOME/OFFICE
ESTABLISHMENT OF ENERGY
7 CENTRE FOR SERVICE AND 135
DEMONSTRATION
Awareness Campaign 58
1116.52
Residential Sector Total 4788 2 193.58 18327.4 387.16
COMMERCIAL & INSTITUTIONAL
SECTOR
IMPLEMENTATION OF T-5 INLINE
8 BALLAST IN COMMERCIAL 93.5 105 15.96 1456.9
BUILDINGS 31.92
IMPLEMENTATION OF CFLs IN
9 PLACE OF ICLS IN COMMERCIAL 10 25.05 3.8 346.4
BUIDINGS 7.6
IMPLEMENTATION OF 5-STAR
10 RATED AIR CONDITIONERS IN 500 208.13 3.154 2877.7
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS 6.308
SOLAR HEAT-REFLECTING CLEAR
11 480 139 21.12 3263
WINDOW FILMS 42.24
12 LED BULBS 900 636.24 96.4 9000 192.8
UPVC WINDOWS COMMERCIAL
13 750 288.35 43.69 4.3
BUILDINGS 87.38
Commercial Sector Sub Total 2733.5 1401.77 184.124 16948.3 368.248
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AUDITS AND
14 IMPLEMENTATION* 2184.27 1092.13 198.57 19850 397.14
Industrial Sector Sub Total 2184.27 1092.13 198.57 19850 397.14
MUNICIPAL SECTOR 0
STREET LIGHTING ENERGY
15 371.25 188.32 50.63 4050
CONSERVATION 101.26
WATER TREATMENT AND
16 85 43.92 14.63 1360
PUMPING SYSTEMS 29.26
Municipal Sector Sub Total 456.25 232.24 65.26 5410 130.52
Total in
Energy ConservationRenewable Energy Lakh
Sector in Lakh Kwh in Lakhs Kwh Kwh
Upto Upto
upto 2013 Annually 2013 Annually 2013
Residential 387.16 193.58 1185.00 592.50 1572.16
3. Introduction
Gwalior at glance
Gwalior is a historical city in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India and located at
26.22 N 78.18 E .It has an average elevation of 197 meters (646 feet) and it is 122 km
south of Agra and 423 km north of Bhopal, the capital of state. Gwalior occupies
largest location in the grid region of the India and its city and it fortress have severed
as the center of the several of historic northern Indian Kingdom. Gwalior is the
administrative headquarter of Gwalior district and Gwalior division. Gwalior is spread
over 5214 sq. km area having population more the 16 lakhs, is one of the most
populated city of India. Main statistic of the city is given below.
Literacy Rate
Male 80.83%
Female 56.76%
Per Capita Income 13456
As population and employment in a city grows, more fuel and materials are needed
for generation, transmission and distribution of energy. Taking steps to reduce the
amount of electricity or fossil fuels that is used in a home or business helps to lower
individual utility costs and conserve natural resources. Improving energy efficiency
means using less energy to accomplish an activity or goal. Some city goals could be
to provide comfortable living and working spaces for residents, to enable residents
and visitors to travel easily around the city or to promote economic prosperity.
Among the drivers for incorporating energy efficiency and renewable as part of
short-term and long-term community planning and economic development includes:
not only depend on, but also can help shape the design and development of a
community, and the activities of its citizens, businesses, institutions, government
agencies and industry.
Energy efficiency and the use of Renewable energy is now considered an important
component of achieving successful long-term growth objectives for a community.
Transiting to new energy sources.
Power density is a measure that captures the rate of energy produced per unit of
earth area and is usually expressed in watts per square metre (W/m2). Fossil fuel
deposits are by far the highest concentration of high quality energy in the magnitude
of 102 or 203 W/m2. Hence only a small land area is needed to supply vast amounts
of energy. Today’s power producing techniques ensure that we receive fuels and
electricity with power densities that are in the order of one to three magnitudes
higher than regular power densities required to operate our buildings and cities.
Overview
The integrated energy mapping process uses a combination of actual energy
consumption data and energy simulation models to show where and how much
energy is consumed by the entire City of Gwalior. All energy consumed by
Commercial buildings, industry, residential and municipal is included in the analysis.
Energy baseline is created for both 2008 (baseline), and for the future development
that is expected to occur between today and the year 2013/2018, according to the
Gwalior city’s Official Plan and Growth Management Strategies enumerated in the
Gwalior CDP.
In the energy mapping process, we divided the energy consumption of Gwalior city
into four major sectors – Commercial/Institutional buildings, Industry, residential
and municipal. In addition to calculating how much energy is consumed by the City
for each case, total GHG emissions for the City and for each case are calculated as
well. Alternative energy generation technologies are modeled for the potential to
further reduce GHG emissions. Capital costs, operating costs, and operating cost
savings are evaluated for each new building standard, building retrofit, and
alternative energy generation technology. Cost sensitivity is applied to potential
increases in energy prices, and additional cost metrics such as Internal Rate of
Return (IRR) are calculated. In this way, alternative practices and cases can be
compared and contrasted according on a cost-benefit basis. The outputs of the
energy model –energy, costs, and GHGs, of the different scenarios and best
alternative technology (BAT) options –are used to inform policy directions and
decisions that are intended to reduce energy and GHG emissions for the entire City.
The process can also be used to provide insight into the most cost effective ways of
achieving a community energy reduction and/or GHG reduction goal. Figure 4
outlines the major pieces of the energy mapping process.
Reporting
Energy Efficiency Financial analysis Renewable Energy
.Stake Holders Workshop Technologies technologies
Population and land use projections were used to calculate the total amount of
additional Load the city would be installing and that would be developed between
present day and 2013/2018, and this was used to calculate the total amount of
future energy demand for Gwalior City. Figure 5 shows the future development
energy mapping process:
Population projections were obtained from the CDP of Gwalior City and the
energy usage details were collected from different departments like Madhya
Pradesh Madhya Kshetra Vidyut Vitaran Company Limited, Main Agencies and depot
of oil companies like HPCL (Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited). BPCL (Bharat
Petroleum Corporation Limited), IOCL (Indian Oil Corporation Limited),Civil supplies
department, field surveys, etc.
6.2 Introduction
This Document includes the detail of the base line energy utilization under
the scheme of MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy), Government of India
and GMC (Gwalior Municipal Corporation). Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE) has started an ambitious program as Solar City. Gwalior is one of the 60
cities from all over India chosen to be developed as a Solar City. Main goal of this
program is promote the use of renewable energy in the urban areas.
Elpro Energy Dimensions Pvt. Ltd. first took up the task of preparing the base line
energy utilization for the Gwalior City. Data for the last three years has been
collected and data for the year 2008 has been selected for the baseline estimation.
For making this base line Elpro team has surveyed all sectors of Gwalior City.
Documents and data on energy consumption (electrical, petroleum product, coal,
biomass,etc) have been collected from residential, commercial, institutional,
industrial and municipal sectors.
India is a Developing country and most of the population lives in the urban
area. In present trend, energy demand for public services, home powering,
transport systems, industries and commerce people are dependent on the fossil fuel.
The source of fossil fuel is limited and seems to be deployed completely in next 60
years, thus resulting in increasing price of fuel and not meeting the demand.
The baseline energy utilization is finalized on the basis of data collected from
different concerning department and oil companies’ agencies and depot, etc. On the
basis of this energy forecasting has been done and according to the energy demand
the measures will be given to fulfill the aim of the project that Is reduction in energy
consumption by 10% by the end the year 2013.
6.4.3 Industrial
Coal, Electricity, Petrol, Diesel, LDO, Furnace Oil are some major sources of
the energy in the industries. We procured a list of industries in Gwalior City and
collected data of all forms of the energy being used in the sector from various
agencies.
GHG Emission
Green house gases are the gases that trap in the atmosphere and cause
increase atmospheric temperature. We have experienced a great climate change in
past few decades. GHG are the main reason for Ozone depletion and climate change.
We have analysed the sector wise GHG emission by evaluating the source and
recommend suitable measures to reduce the emission. This report also includes a
comparative study of the GHG emission from different fuels in the various sectors.
Note: Electricity, liquid fuels and LPG consumption for the year 2008 has been
considered
GHG Emission
GHG emission for the commercial and institutional sector is tabulated below.
Electricity has highest percentage of the GHG emission with 68 %. Kerosene and LPG
contribution in GHG emission are 30.13 % and 3.34 % respectively. Graphical
representation is also given below.
Total energy demand is around 0.008 MTOE (Million metric tones of Oil). As
denoted in the table , coal consumption is very high as it contributes 59 % of the
total energy demand. Electricity contributes 28.7 % and LPG contribution is around 9
% of the total energy required. Rest 4% is being contributed by the furnace oil and
fire wood with 1.6 % and 1.4 % percent respectively. Graphical view of the energy
consumption is given below.
GHG Emission
GHG emission is tabulated below in the table. It is visible from the table that highest
GHG emission is being contributed by coal which is 53.8 %, electricity is also
contributing more about 41.6%. Rest of the emission is being contributed by LPG,
Furnace oil and fire wood. Graph of the same result is given below.
Table 6: GHG emission in the Industrial sector
GHG Emission in
Sl. No. Type of fuel unit Consumption %
Tone
1 Electricity kWh 25868864 21729.84 41.67
2 Coal Tones 8880 28104.31 53.89
3 LPG kg 172592 502.13 0.96
4 Furnace Oil litre 581333.3333 1756.32 3.36
5 Fire Wood Tones 294 54.07 0.10
Total 52146.69 100
Petrol
1 27719000 0.048 0.032 32
(litres)
Diesel
2 62684000 0.0448 0.067 68
(litres)
GHG emission
GHG emission due to petrol and diesel consumption is summarized in the below
table. Total GHG emission from the petrol and diesel is 494259.50 tonnes out of
which 75% emission is coming out from diesel and 25% is coming from petrol.
Graphical representation is also given below.
Table 10: GHG emissions due to Petrol and diesel consumption
7.0 Demand forecasting for the next 5/10 years- Year 2013 and year 2018
Managing electrical energy supply is a complex task. The most important part of
electric utility resource planning is forecasting of the future load demand in the
regional or national service area. This is usually achieved by constructing models on
relative information, such as climate and previous load demand data.
INTRODUCTION
Energy management and Planning is a capability required by Municipal
planners and electric utilities. Providing the balance between supply and demand in
energy market and supplying the customers with more efficiency are available via
satisfactory and reliable energy planning and demand forecasting. Demand
forecasting is a requirement for successful energy management. An accomplished
demand forecasting makes possible the trustiest planning for future. Especially, long
term demand forecasting is guidance for maintenance of electricity installations and
construction planning. Therefore, Municipal authorities, power system engineers
and electricity generation/distribution utilities attach importance to demand
forecasting.
Approach
We would like to stress that these are rough estimates based on information
gathered during the primary survey.
Growth in GDP
This has multiplier effect and impacts disposable income, income-distribution
and growth of various electrical appliance usage. Indian GDP, growth over 1999-2009
has averaged 7.1% (CAGR), according to Central Statistical Organization. We expect
7% CAGR in GDP growth under realistic or most likely scenario over 2010-2022
period.
In development plan, on land-use rate of 10 hectare per thousand people,
city development plan is proposed in new area with consideration of the balance and
systematic development of city, and Distribution 2021 (allotment)
EEDPL/GMC/Solar city/2011 Page 47
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
Sl. Earth – use Proposed Area 2005 (in Developed Area 2008 (in Proposed Area 2021(in
No hectare) hectare) hectare)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Residential 3992 50.5 3.19 2803 48.0 2.80 6400 49.0 3.9
2 Commercial 428 5.5 0.34 319 5.4 0.32 700 5.5 0.4
3 Industrial 405 5.1 0.32 367 6.3 0.36 1800 8.6 0.7
4 General and 683 8.6 0.55 922 15.8 0.92 1300 10.2 0.8
semi
General
5 General 375 4.7 0.30 222 3.8 0.22 300 2.4 0.2
services and
facilities
6 Amusement 598 7.6 0.48 212 3.6 0.21 1200 9.4 0.8
7 Transport 1421 18.0 1.14 997 17.1 0.99 1900 14.9 1.2
Total 7902 100 6.32 5842 100 5.82 13600 100 8.0
Methodology
Trend method
We have used the Trend Method for forecasting Energy Demand for 2013 and 2018.
This method falls under the category of the non-causal models of demand
forecasting that do not explain how the values of the variable being projected are
determined. Here, we express the variable to be predicted purely as a function of
time, rather than by relating it to other economic, demographic, policy and
technological variables. This function of time is obtained as the function that best
explains the available data, and is observed to be most suitable for short-term
projections.
This method has been used by the 16th Electric Power Survey (EPS) of the Central
Electricity Authority to forecast the consumption of most consumer categories
except HT Industries. The Base Paper of the EPS, detailing the methodological issues,
states that in the domestic, commercial and miscellaneous categories, the observed
time series in the number of consumers and consumption per capita have been
projected into the future, with adjustments for increase in appliance ownership. It is
only for the HT industries that an end-use method is used. It also mentions that
adjustments have been made to account for unmet demands due to the presence of
power cuts though the specific assumptions have not been elaborated upon. Thus,
unrestricted demands were worked out for the future.
Table 15:Demand Forecast
Jan 7.27
Feb 7.6
Mar 7.65
Apr 7.47
May 7.07
Jun 6.74
Jul 6.8
Aug 7.21
Sep 7.48
Oct 7.53
Nov 7.27
Dec 7.12
Jan 5.28
Feb 6.17
Mar 6.28
Apr 5.72
May 5.37
Jun 5.18
Jul 4.99
Aug 5.09
Sep 5.21
Oct 5.38
Nov 5.57
Dec 5.38
Jan 12.1
Feb 12.1
Mar 12.1
Apr 12.1
May 12.1
Jun 12.1
Jul 12.1
Aug 12.1
Sep 12.1
Oct 12.1
Nov 12.1
Dec 12.1
Annual Average 12
Highest Resolution Energy Resource Estimate at 26.23° North Latitude 78.15° East
Longitude
Madhya Pradesh is the centre of India. Gwalior is the one of major district in Madhya
Pradesh located on latitude 26.22o N and longitude 78.18 o E. Here average annual
solar insolation is greater than 5.2 kw/m2 /day. Solar potential is high on this place
compare to other part of India.
Jan 4.62
Feb 4.4
Mar 3.78
Apr 4.08
May 5.59
Jun 4.84
Jul 4.67
Aug 4.63
Sep 4.86
Oct 5.14
Nov 4.8
Dec 4.11
The average wind speed needs to be above 5m/s (18km per hour) to make installing
a wind turbine worthwhile.
Hence it is clear from the assessment table that Wind energy feasibility is very poor
for implementation in this city
The waste production rate of the Gwalior is estimated to be 735 tones per day from
waste stream, primary households, business and commercial waste, collectively
termed as Municipal Solid Waste, MSW. A huge potential of the power generation
from this waste is estimated to be 110250 MW per year. If it will be utilized fully
then it can meet up to 33 % of annual energy required. Net calorific value off the
MSW is 11508 Kcal/kg.the composition of the solid waste is as follow:
The installed capacity data collected for total Madhya Pradesh and particularly in
that the contribution of Solar and Biomass energy are major from the Gwalior city.
Hence the more upcoming projects of renewable energy from solar power and
through the Solid waste management.
Currently Gwalior comprises off 60 wards with population density 43.3 person
per hectare. The average male female ratio in Gwalior is 870 female on per 1000
male.
Population as per census and projections in CDP
1991- 622982
2001- 823277
2011- 10,50,00
2021- 14,00,00
9.3.1
Solar water heaters are also an integral part of the recently announced Jawaharlal
Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) of Government of India. The Mission targets
to have 20 million m2 of Solar Water Heater collectors by the year 2022
(Table 19)
Table 19:Capacity addition target under JNNSM
Residential Sector
Residential sector is the largest sector both in terms of installations as well as sales.
As per industry estimates, currently, almost 70-80% of the SWH sales occur in the
residential sector. In the year 2001, almost 80% of the SWH installations in India
were in the commercial and industrial sectors, since then, residential sector has
overtaken commercial and industrial sectors and has become the main driver of
EEDPL/GMC/Solar city/2011 Page 64
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
The main reasons for growth in SWH in residential sector in recent years are:
• Growth in new housing: During 1991-2001 period, 54 million new housing units
were added. In recent years, the demand for new housing has shown rapid increase.
This is attributed to: increase in disposable incomes, easy availability of credit, trend
towards smaller household size, and urbanization. A recent study predicts the
demand for new housing units to range between 6.9 million to 9.7 million per year
for the period 2005-203014.
Electricity supply situation: Electric geysers were found to be the most common
water-heating device in the surveyed households. As a result, electricity shortages
particularly power-cuts during morning hours influences the demand for SWH.
SWH Size
Generally the size of a domestic SWH installation is taken as 100 lpd.
Thus for calculating number of SWH household and for projecting demand for SWH,
the average collector area of a domestic SWH system is taken as 2 m2 collector area.
light energy into electricity. Thermal energy is required to fulfill several purposes in
the domestic, agricultural, industrial, and commercial sectors of Gwalior.
One of the popular devices that harness the solar energy is solar hot water
system. A solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an
insulated storage tank to store hot water. The solar energy incident on the absorber
panel coated with selected coating transfers the hat to the riser pipes underneath
the absorber panel. The water passing through the risers get heated up and are
delivered the storage tank. The re-circulation of the same water through absorber
panel in the collector raises the temperature to 80 C (Maximum) in a good sunny
day. The total system with solar collector, storage tank and pipelines is called solar
hot water system.
Broadly, the solar water heating systems are of two categories. They are:
closed loop system and open loop system. In the first one, heat exchangers are
installed to protect the system from hard water obtained from bore wells or tap
water. In the other type, either thermosyphon or forced circulation system, the
water in the system is open to the atmosphere at one point or other. The
thermosyphon systems are simple and relatively inexpensive. They are suitable for
domestic and small institutional systems, provided the water is treated and potable
in quality. The forced circulation systems employ electrical pumps to circulate the
water through collectors and storage tanks.
Based on the collector system, solar water heaters can be of two types.
Solar Hot Water System turns cold water into hot water with the help of
sun’s rays.
Fuel Saving
A 100 litres capacity SWH can replace an electric geyser for residential use
and saves 1500 units of electricity annually.
The use of 1000 SWHs of 100 litres capacity each can contribute to a peak
load saving of 1 MW.
Environmental benefits
A SWH of 100 litres capacity can prevent emission of 1.5 tonnes of carbondioxide per
year.
Approximate cost :
Rs.15000- 20,000 for a 100 litres capacity system and Rs.110-150 per installed
litre for higher capacity systems
Payback period :
Though the initial investment for a solar water heater is high compared to available
conventional alternatives, the return on investment has become increasingly
attractive with the increase in prices of conventional energy. The pay back period
depends on the site of installation, utilization pattern and fuel replaced.
There is a need to provide soft-term loan and, depending on the region and building
vintage, a financial incentive to promote the market over next 5 to 8 years.
Electricity distribution companies are the most appropriate vehicle to operate the
package. The customer will appreciate readily the proposition of electricity-saving,
rebate on electricity bill and outgo on account of SWH- purchase for a specified
period because the company will make a single, consolidated proposal; smoothening
all transactions.
The distribution companies are also best equipped to operate compulsory
installation policy for new buildings as well as old ones requiring extra power. They
will build a clear database of installations, loan/rebate provided, SWH- performance
and electricity saving. GMC should set-up a working group to initiate a dialogue with
State Electricity Board and MP Urja Vikas Nigam to develop a SWH programme for
implementation through Electricity Distribution Company by 2013/2018.
develop feasible ESCO models and create conducive environment for development
of sustainable SWH ESCO businesses.
There are 505 827 metered households. Assuming that approximately 10 000
households implement solar water heaters with favorable policies and incentives
offered by the Gwalior Municipal Corporation, the following will be the benefits.
Table 20 Year wise Programmed target for Rapid deployment of solar water
heaters
GHG
Capacity
in Savings Savings
thousand Cost(in in kwhrs in
Year Number of Installations Litres Lakhs Rs.) P.a Tonnes
1 100 10 11 100000 5 150
2 200 20 22 200000 10 300
3 500 50 55 500000 25 750
4 750 75 82.5 750000 37.5 1125
5 1000 100 110 1000000 50 1500
6 1000 100 110 1000000 50 1500
7 1000 100 110 1000000 50 1500
8 1500 150 165 1500000 75 2250
9 1500 150 165 1500000 75 2250
10 2000 200 220 2000000 100 3000
Key Financials
Total Subsidy
Savings:
Savings in Rs(lakhs):Rs.477.5
If certain policy measures are implemented rigorously it has the potential to become
an important driver in market development.
1. Upfront Subsidies
Upfront subsidies by states/towns through their local urban bodies do assist in
development of market in the initial stages but the process of availing subsidy is
generally long and cumbersome and in the states where it is offered only a fraction
of the SWH owner households are availing subsidies due to delay in disbursement.
To overcome this hurdle, the GoMP has initiated the TATKAL SCHEME in Madhya
Pradesh for availing the Solar Water heater subsidies.
Highlights
. Bank Guarantee based allocation of subsidy
.Subsidies to be released within 3 working days if all conditions are met
The state government has issued a notification for judicious use and conservation
of power in Madhya Pradesh. In the wake of this notification, now it will be
mandatory to use power judiciously and conserve it as per provisions of Urja
Sanrakshan Adhiniyam 2001.
As per the notification, the use of solar water heating system will be mandatory in
buildings and places of various categories. These buildings include commercial and
industrial establishments where warm water is required for processing apart from
private and government hospitals, nursing homes, all the private and government
sector hotels, motels, rest houses, restaurants and canteens. The buildings of
business and industrial establishments, whose capital exceeds Rs 50 lakh and
where warm water is used, will have to cater to their 25 per cent hot water
requirement through solar water heating system within one year of the issuance
of the notification.
All the government departments will amend their laws and bylaws within two
months after issuance of the notification for making solar water heating system
mandatory in their buildings. Madhya Pradesh Energy Development Corporation
will function as the nodal agency for ensuring installation of solar water heating
systems.
Incandescent bulbs have been banned in all the newly constructed buildings in the
government sector and the sectors which are financially aided by the government.
Policy
• Loan @ 2%, 3% and 5% respectively to residential, institutional and
industrial/commercial customers.
• Capital subsidy equivalent to upfront interest subsidy to institutional and
industrial/commercial customers who do not avail of concessional interest
Loan to be highlighted by GMC in association with MPUVN
• Capital subsidy @ Rs.3000-3300 per 100 lpd, in addition to concessional interest
loans, to residential customers
• Accelerated depreciation @ 80% to profit-making industrial/commercial
customers
The announcement has been done to make SWH mandatory by MPUVN as per
MNRE guidelines. There is no property tax rebate, nor any electricity rebate.
9.3.2
Photovoltaic is the most direct way to convert solar radiation into electricity and is
based on the photovoltaic effect. It is quite generally defined as the emergence of an
electric voltage between two electrodes attached on a solid or liquid system upon
shining light on to this system. Practically all photovoltaic devices incorporate a pn
BOS includes mounting systems and wiring systems used to integrate the solar
modules into the structural and electrical systems of the home. The wiring systems
include disconnects for the dc and ac sides of the inverter, ground-fault protection,
and overcurrent protection for the solar modules.
The BOS is defined as everything except the PV modules and the load. The
BOS includes:
The land, fencing, buildings etc
Module support structures
External wiring & connection boxes
Power Conditioning equipment, inverter, charge controllers,
transformers, etc.
Safety & Protective equipment- diodes, switches, lighting protection,
circuit breakers, ground rods and cables etc.
Energy Storage batteries
Utility Grid Interface and Connective devices
Wretches monitoring instruments and associated sensors
(pyranometers, thermometers, anemometer etc)
Project justification:
Madhya Pradesh is the centre of India. Gwalior is the one of major district of
Madhya Pradesh located on latitude 26.22o N and longitude 78.18 o E. Here average
annual solar insolation is greater than 5.2 kw/m2 /day. Solar potential is high on this
place compare to other part of India.
Setting a Power System based on solar will not only help to additional power
requirement but serve the salient features
• A clean. Silent and eco- friendly source of power
• Negligible maintenance as there are no moving parts
• Long life spam of solar modules
• Simple installation: Can be mounted on the roof to of ground.
• Can be installed at point of use to avoid the transmission losses.
Today when country is facing scarcity of the power. Solar energy is very large,
inexhaustible source of energy. Currently Gwalior is taking electricity from the state
electricity board. It energy demand is increasing day by day. Keeping each point in
the mind (cost of power, different losses, uncertain power cut) Extracting power
from the solar is the one way to become independent for the need of power.
Solar Energy resource assessment is the primary & essential exercise for solar energy
projects because of its intermittent nature.
The maximum possible values of solar radiation on earth are solar Constant (1367
W/m2)
To know the Solar Energy Potential in Gwalior following resources have been used
1) Average Sunshine Hours
2) Average wind speed
3) Average rainfall
4) Average ambient air temperature
5) Average maximum solar radiation
6) Average minimum solar radiation
7) Average solar radiation on Horizontal Surface
8) Average solar radiation on tilted surface
Table 21: Monthly Averaged Insolation Incident on A Horizontal Surface
(kWh/m2/day)
Lon 78.18 22-year Average
Jan 5.28
Feb 6.17
Mar 6.28
Apr 5.72
May 5.37
Jun 5.18
Jul 4.99
Aug 5.09
Sep 5.21
Oct 5.38
Nov 5.57
Dec 5.38
Jan 7.27
Feb 7.6
Mar 7.65
Apr 7.47
May 7.07
Jun 6.74
Jul 6.8
Aug 7.21
Sep 7.48
Oct 7.53
Nov 7.27
Dec 7.12
Annual Average 12
May 4.34
Jun 4.45
Jul 4.29
Aug 3.94
Sep 4.28
Oct 4.54
Nov 4.19
Dec 4.82
Jan 4.62
Feb 4.4
Mar 3.78
Apr 4.08
May 5.59
Jun 4.84
Jul 4.67
Aug 4.63
Sep 4.86
Oct 5.14
Nov 4.8
Dec 4.11
Technical
and Plant
Design
It is
proposed to
install
1Kw/2Kw
grid
connected rooftop Solar PV generating Systems on participating households in
Gwalior
1 Solar Module:-
A solar module is a packaged, interconnected assembly of solar cells
also known as photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component
of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in
commercial and residential applications.
2 Combiner box& main junction box (CB & MJB):-
The Combiner Box is an electrical distribution box where the DC
circuit breakers are placed. Note that the breakers are usually sold
separately. The Combiner Box combines the multiple DC inputs coming from
the panel terminations and converts these into one DC output. The output of
the combiner box is connected to the charge controller or the inverter,
depending on the type of system installed.
3 Solar module mounting structure
The fabricated galvanized steel structure is used to support the solar
modules. Tilt is approximately equal to the site latitude with a minimum of 10
degrees for self-cleaning & water runoff, unless otherwise specifically stated.
Fig 29: Solar module mounting structure
5 Inverter
Inverter is a device which that converts direct current (DC) to
alternating current (AC). The converted AC can be at any required voltage
and frequency with the use of appropriate transformer, switching and control
circuit.
A block diagram of the system is shown in Fig. In this design the following factors
have been taken into consideration.
_ Grid interfacing circuitry matching,
_ Effects of voltage fluctuation, harmonic distortion and stability
A distributed approach to solar energy is the smart next generation thinking that will
drive the renewable industry forward. As more and more utilities-scale solar farms
face delays and criticism over land use issues such as natural habitat infringement,
rooftops are already there and just waiting for a solar panel upgrade. While
maintenance of a vast network of solar rooftops spread out across entire cities may
prove cumbersome, it will open up maintenance-related job opportunities, further
spurring economic recovery. What’s better is that the project is entirely funded by
the private sector, which just goes to show that renewable energy doesn’t need to
rely on government subsidies to be viable.
It is proposed to install 1 Kw or 2 kw solar PV grid connected power generating
system to be installed on roof tops in Gwalior city on a maximum of 5000 houses.
The project developer is proposed to be GMC in association with a private/semi
Government entity.
Financials
Total Investment: Rs.105 crores
Installed Capacity: 5 Mw
Table 29:Financials for 5 Mw rooftop solar SPV project
1 Assumed cost of 1 Wp as per MNRE guidelines Rs 60
2 Cost of 1 Kw of Solar PV grid connnected system Rs. 60000
3 System Capacity Kw 1
4 Hours of sunlight per day Hours 5.5
5 No. of sunny days Days 330
Rs. Per
6 Cost of Energy Paid per kwh to EB Kwh 5
House Owner
Phase 10
1 years 18150
Phase 10
2 years 89679.15
Phase
3 5 years 56931.55
Total 164760.70
Implementation Scheme
For implementing grid connected roof top solar PV system in a phased manner an
implementation scheme has also been proposed. The main features of the proposed
scheme for the initial period would be:
A Special Purpose Vehicle Organization (SPVO) will be
established for developing the projects as bundled project for project financial
structuring and availing CDM benefits by the SPVO. SPVO will also undertake
following activities:
o Project technical and financial structuring
o Obtaining various clearances, approvals etc
o Identification and approval of vendors
9.3.3
a) Solar cooker
Solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of sunlight to heat food
or drink to cook it or sterilize it. There is no cost for solar radiation. Using
parabolic, box, or panel cookers means no gas or electricity costs. They are
easy to maintain and just as easy to build. With a little planning and some
basic mathematical calculations, anyone can own their own solar cooker.
Besides the economic savings, solar cooking helps in the fight against global
warming and deforestation. By using the sun’s rays to cook meals, firewood is
saved and in many remote areas time is used more usefully than for
gathering the necessary firewood needed for wood burning stoves
Box cookers
A box cooker has a transparent glass or plastic top, and it may have
additional reflectors to concentrate sunlight into the box. The top can usually
be removed to allow dark pots containing food to be placed inside. One or
more reflectors of shiny metal or foil-lined material may be positioned to
bounce extra light into the interior of the oven chamber. Cooking containers
and the inside bottom of the cooker should be dark-colored or black. Inside
walls should be reflective to reduce radiative heat loss and bounce the light
towards the pots and the dark bottom, which is in contact with the pots.
Benefits
• Solar cookers use no fuel, which means that their users do not need
to fetch or pay for firewood, gas, electricity, or other fuels. Therefore,
over time a solar cooker can pay for itself in reduced fuel costs. Since
it reduces firewood use, the solar cooker reduces deforestation and
habitat loss. Since there are about 2 billion people who are still
cooking on open fires, widespread use of solar cookers could have
large economic and environmental benefits
• Solar box cookers attain temperatures of up to about 165 deg. C (325
deg. F), so they can be used to sterilize water or prepare most foods
that can be made in a conventional oven or stove, from baked bread
to steamed vegetables to roasted meat. When solar ovens are placed
outside, they do not contribute unwanted heat inside houses.
• Solar cookers do not produce any smoke as a product of combustion.
The indoor concentration of health-damaging pollutants from a
typical wood-fired cooking stove creates carbon monoxide and other
noxious fumes at anywhere between seven and 500 times over the
allowable limits. Fire-based cooking also produces ashes and soot,
which make the home dirtier. However, any type of cooking, including
solar cooking, can evaporate grease, oil, etc., from the food into the
air.
• Unlike cooking over an open fire, children cannot be burned by
touching many types of solar cookers, which are made from
cardboard or plastic and do not get hot. Unlike all fuel-based cooking
arrangements, these solar cookers are not fire hazards. However,
solar cookers that concentrate sunlight, e.g. with paraboloidal
reflectors, do produce high temperatures which could cause injury or
fire.
Proposed Project:
There are 505 827 households in Gwalior based on data of residential
electricity connections as released by the DISCOM.
Phase –I 3000
Phase-II 7000
Period : 2013-2018
Total 10000
: 4224 kWh
= 284739.84 tonnes
LPG Substitution
2.9 kg Co2 per Kg Lpg: 1.492 kgCo2 per liter of LPG Source: BEE documents
9.3.4
Overview
India has rich traditions and history in holistic strategies for buildings and
construction. Despite this, the sustainable buildings agenda currently receives
limited attention. While there have been local initiatives for promoting sustainable
buildings which include research, pilot or advocacy projects, there is no coordinated
approach to address the wider sustainable buildings agenda. Commercial and
residential sectors continue to be a major market for the construction industry.
These sectors consume a lot of energy throughout the life cycle of buildings thus
Given the spiralling urban growth and the number of buildings, energy consumption
and the resultant carbon emissions is on the rise in the country. The Background
note of UNEP, Sustainable Buildings and Construction Initiative (SBCI) says that as
per the 17th Electrical Power Survey (EPS) of the Central Electricity Authority, the
electricity demand is likely to increase by 39.7% in 2011-12 as compared to 2006-07,
by another 43.7% in 2016-17 as compared to 2011-12 and by yet another 37.5% in
2021-22 as compared to 2016-17. With a near consistent 8% rise in annual energy
consumption in the residential and commercial sectors, building energy consumption
has seen an increase from 14% in the 1970s to nearly 33% in 2004-05. Electricity use
in both residential and commercial sectors is primarily for lighting, air conditioning,
refrigeration, appliances and water heating. The urban sector depends heavily on
commercial fuels for its energy needs. It is estimated that on an average in a typical
commercial building in India, around 60% of the total electricity is consumed for
lighting, 32% for air conditioning, and less than 8% for refrigeration. Whereas in a
typical residential building, around 28% of the total electricity is consumed for
lighting, 45% for air conditioning, 13 % for refrigeration, 4% for televisions and 10%
for other appliances in the urban sector. The average electricity consumption for air
conditioning and lighting in India is around 80 kWh/m2/annum and 160
kWh/m2/annum for residential and commercial buildings respectively. Under a
Business As Usual (BAU) scenario and based on a 10% annual increase in new built-
up areas, the projected annual increase in electricity demand in commercial and
residential buildings would be of the order of 5.4 billion kWh.
The necessity of taking appropriate efforts to bring down carbon emissions from the
building sector is now imperative, as comparatively, the energy savings potential of
the building sector with that of other economic sectors, has the greatest potential
among all sectors, in all countries, and at all cost levels. This holds true, for India as
well, given the high growth rate in construction industry.
The green building movement in India is a step to minimise the negative impact of
construction activity on the environment. It has become extremely important today
to look at buildings per se from the energy consumption point of view. Energy
consumption and its reduction need to be seen as the key to a sustainable future. As
far as green buildings are concerned, regulations alone are not sufficient to promote
green buildings. Awareness and discretion among architects and planners will also
play a pivotal role along with incentivising the whole process. For instance, the
commercial space in India has grown by nine per cent in this decade whereas the
commercial sector energy consumption increased by 13 per cent reflecting the fact
that newer buildings consume more energy. Air circulation in buildings, narrower
building construction, and green roofs, are some of the most viable means of green
buildings.
2. Definitions
2.1 A standard definition of a green building is that it uses less water, optimises
energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and
provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional
building. Green buildings use less energy, and initially cost 5% to 7% more
because users are paying for new systems and research and development
costs, but within five years, they can recover the costs and start saving.
In a nutshell, sustainable buildings use less energy and water, generate less
greenhouse gases, use materials more efficiently, and produce less waste than
the conventional buildings over their entire life cycle.
4. Key initiatives
The country has a number of policy initiatives to mainstream energy efficiency
and green buildings as control and regulatory instruments, including appliance
standards, mandatory labelling and certification, energy efficiency obligations,
and utility DSM(Demand side management) programs; economic and market-
based instruments; fiscal instruments and incentives; support, information and
voluntary action. Some of these are :
4.3 The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has initiated several
programs focusing on the utilisation of renewable energy sources in
buildings.
4.4 Sustainable Habitat Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate
Change. The National Action Plan on Climate change was launched by the
Hon’ble Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh on June 30, 2008. It encompasses
a broad and extensive range of measures, and focuses on eight missions, which
will be pursued as key components of the strategy for sustainable development.
These include missions on solar energy, enhanced energy efficiency, sustainable
habitat, conserving water, sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem, creating a
5. Rating systems
5.2 Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA): The Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy have adopted a national rating system- GRIHA
which was developed by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). It is an
indigenously developed rating system completely tuned to climatic
variations, architectural practices, existing practices of construction and
attempts to revive passive architecture. The GRIHA rating system takes into
account the provisions of the National Building Code 2005, the Energy
Conservation Building Code 2007 announced by BEE and other IS codes. This
was developed specifically aimed at non-air conditioned or partially air
conditioned buildings. GRIHA has been developed to rate commercial,
institutional and residential buildings in India emphasizing national
environmental concerns, regional climatic conditions and indigenous
solutions.
GRIHA stresses passive solar techniques for optimizing visual and thermal
comfort indoors and encourages the use of refrigeration-based and
energy-demanding air conditioning systems only in cases of extreme
thermal discomfort.
projects in India with LEED accounting for 260 million sq. ft. and 28
registered green building projects for GRIHA accounting to 1.3 million sq. ft.
5.3 Conservation of Energy And Buildings and Construction- "One of the best
ways of achieving is to incorporate green initiatives in building bye laws, and
one of these is to make rainwater harvesting and recharge mandatory for
every construction. The other initiative would be to encourage use of solar
energy in buildings for heating of water, which should be pursued strongly by
State Governments. Further, "Architects can employ innovative techniques
for building homes that are cooler without air conditioning while government
can start by replacing all incandescent bulbs in its offices and quarters with
CFL ones
7. Byelaws
The bye-laws for construction of Green Buildings should include:
• setting annual carbon emission targets for all newly constructed buildings
• targets set to achieve a 20% reduction in emissions from dwellings and 23%
from buildings other than dwellings
• new bye-laws to improve compliance by requiring sample air pressure testing
for all buildings, including dwellings
• new requirement for householders to be provided with an energy rating for
new homes that show estimated energy costs for space heating, water
heating, ventilation and lighting together with the calculated annual CO2
emissions that will be emitted from the dwelling
• improved standards that will result in developers needing to make greater
use of energy saving insulation, more efficient heating boilers and consider
using low or zero carbon systems such a solar panels and geothermal
technology to demonstrate compliance
Setting clear performance targets in the building bye-laws for all new buildings
will not only make a significant contribution to reducing CO2 emissions but will
offer householders reduced fuel bills too. This will result in improved building
standards and a more sustainable built environment. A key component of this
Eco-Active initiative should also inform and encourage people on how to make
energy savings.
photovoltaics.
8.12 Solar Water Heating Systems
- A device to provide hot water at 60-80c using heat energy from the sun
integrated with storage & back up facilities
- Vast potential in homes, hotels, hospitals, hostels, dairies, industries,
institutions, govt. buildings etc.
- Large scale installations could save enormous amount of electricity besides
having load shavings during peak hours & abating CO2 emission
- 40 million sq. m. estimated as techno-economic potential
8.13 Energy
- A 100 lpd system can replace an electric geyser of 2kW capacity. On an
average, it can save around 1200 units of electricity in homes or around
120 liters of diesel/ furnace oil in a year in industries & commercial
establishments
- Assuming that 50% of the domestic systems are in use at a time, 1 lakh
systems installed in a city can result in 100 MW of peak load saving
1. Support Measures
• Amendment in building bye-laws for mandatory use of solar water heaters in
certain category of buildings
• Rebate in electricity tariff /property tax on use of solar water heating
systems
• Incorporation of solar water heating systems in new building & housing
complexes by builders & developers
• Rebate in income tax being persued with MoF
4. Actions proposed
• Architects & Engineers to involve themselves in practicing energy
efficient building designs & convince people for adopting the same.
They should even understand the concept of Green buildings &
promote among people
• Builders & Developers to start constructing buildings & housing
complexes integrated with solar water heating systems & passive
architectural designs
• Municipal Corporations/ Municipalities to adopt & notify modifications
in building bye laws. Plans for certain categories of buildings to be
approved only if solar water heater & passive features are incorporated
• Banks/ FIs to join the MNRE soft loan scheme through IREDA.
Housing loans to include the cost of solar water heaters. Provisions
to be made mandatory/ attractive schemes to be developed
• Manufacturers to have tie ups with builders/ Architects & Financial
Institutions
• Support for DPR up to Rs. 2 lakhs & for construction of Govt /Public buildings to
a Max. of Rs. 50 lakhs.
• GOs by State Govts. on mandatory use of passive concepts in Govt./ public
sector buildings. H. P. , Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan & Nagaland issued such
orders.
• Solar Passive design concepts incorporated in Energy Conservation Building
Code by BEE & National Building Codes by BIS.
• A National Rating System for Green Buildings developed in association with
TERI. It will be suitable for all kinds of buildings in different zones of the
country. Proposed to be incentivized & in operation during 2008-09.
9.4.1
Energy Efficient technology: Lighting accounts for almost 20 percent of the total
electricity demand in the country and it is due to ICLs which are highly energy
consuming. Only about 5 percent is converted into light and rest is used as heat
where as CFL uses only 1/5th of electricity and provides the same level of
illumination. To overcome the challenge of over heating, CFLs are recommended by
BEE to conserve Energy.
1. Decreases peak load: Lighting is one of the major contributors to peak load. If
400 million light points are replaced with CFLs; it would lead to a reduction of
over 10,000 MW in electricity demand. It would not only reduce emissions
but also result in the reduction of peak load in the country which currently
faces a shortage of up to 15 percent.
2. Reduce Green House Gas emissions: Incandescent Lamps are harmful to the
environment because they use so much energy to function. Most of the
energy is emitted as heat and not as light. It leaves a larger carbon foot print.
With BLY, the harmful effect on the environment will be reduced to a great
extent.
3. Win-win situation for all stakeholders: This lamp savings programme reduces
government and household expenditure. With reduction in energy
consumption in every household, the country can conserve its limited power
supply and on a household level, electricity bills are within control
Stake holders
CER issuance.
Distributing companies (DISCOM) has the responsibility to prepare the database of
households (include names of users, their address and average electricity
consumption) to install CFLs. They distribute CFL lamps in exchange of incandescent
lamps and estimate technical distribution losses in the electricity grid. They also
inspect replaced ICLs. CFL Suppliers’/Investors role is to collect fused CFLs through
buy-back schemes and make sure they are disposed off in a safe manner. They
provide CFL at the price comparable to GLS4 lamps. They prepare the CDM
programme activity design documents (CPA-DDs) for CDM project and submit them
to BEE. They operate and manage project on day to day basis. There is a tripartite
agreement between BEE, DISCOM and CFL supplier. The manufacturers and
investors of the scheme are: Bajaj Electricals Limited, Plaza Power and Infrastructure
Company, Delta Electronics, Balaji Greentech Limited, Finite Energy Limited, B&G
Power Limited, Nuvo Fertilizers & Resources private limited etc
The Ministry of Power is the nodal agency, promoting a company called Energy
Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) for implementation of energy efficiency in India.
The Company has promoted energy efficiency projects like Bachat Lamp Yojana,
Agricultural Demand Side Management and Municipal Demand Side Management. It
has also acted as a Resource Center for capacity building of State Development
Agencies, Utilities, financial institutions, etc.
BLY was registered with UNFCCC in April 2010 under which it has been implemented
In 14 states. It has empanelled a list of CFL suppliers, including CFL manufacturers,
based on their respective capacities and understanding of their CDM approach. It is
based on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), an arrangement under the
Kyotol Protocol allowing industrialised countries with a greenhouse gas reduction
commitment to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries as
an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries. The
most important factor of a carbon project is that it establishes that it would not have
occurred without the additional incentive provided by emission reductions credits.
The CDM allows net global greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced at a much lower
global cost by financing emissions reduction projects in developing countries where
costs are lower than in industrialized countries.
The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the
guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Objective
1. Replace inefficient incandescent bulbs with CFLs for households only.
2. To provide an inclusive and sustainable development strategy that is sensitive
to climate change.
3. Reduce price of CFL from Rs 100 to Rs 15 per piece.
4. Use Clean Development Mechanism to recover balance cost.
5. Generate Certified Emission Reduction (CER) after monitoring, validation and
oversight of CDM Executive Board sold in executive markets.
It is proposed to install 10000 CFLs under the BLY scheme in Gwalior in association
with MPMVNL, MPUVN , GMC and the Ministry of Power.
Electricity Total
Energy MWh MWh
Energy - base case 1,168 1,168
Energy - proposed case 409 409
Energy saved 759 759
Energy saved - % 65.0% 65.0%
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission GHG
Base case electricity factor T&D emission
system (Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country - region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.933 8.0% 1.014
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 1,184.3
Proposed case tCO2 414.5
Gross annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 769.8
GHG credits transaction fee % 10.0%
Net annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 692.8
9.4.2
General Description
T-5 Inline Electronic ballast is an innovative Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Tube
Lamps (FTL). It is invented to retrofit standard FTL systems that are operated with
Conventional Electromagnetic Ballast (c-Ballast), into energy saving Electronic
Operation in a simple, fast and cost effective manner.
The Plug & Save concept of the Inline ballast allows such retrofitting process to be
carried out by end users without employing highly qualified expensive electricians. It
only takes a minute.
It is proposed to replace 10000 nos T-12 FTL with the T-5 Inline Ballast in Hotels ,
Hospitals, Office Buildings, Educational institutions, hostels ,etc by the year 2013
Footprint Savings
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission GHG
Base case electricity system factor T&D emission
(Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country - region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.933 8.0% 1.014
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 7,727.2
Proposed case tCO2 6,108.5
Gross annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 1,618.7
GHG credits transaction fee % 10.0%
is
Net annual GHG emission equivalent
reduction tCO2 1,456.9 to 267
Resource Savings
Replacing with the T-5 inline ballast will save 15 97 000 kWh or 'units of electricity
per year.
Fuel Fuel
consum consumpt
ption ion Fuel saved Fuel cost
Mwhr Fuel cost Mwhr Fuel cost Mwhr savings
INR INR
INR 3,97,62,9 1,05,36,96
7,621.2 5,02,99,920 6,024.7 54 1,596.5 6
Year
Financial Analysis
Financial parameters
Inflation rate % 2.0%
Project life yr 15
Debt ratio % 70%
Debt interest rate % 12.00%
Debt term yr 5
Initial costs
Energy efficiency measures INR 93,50,000
Other INR 10,00,000
Total initial costs INR 1,03,50,000
Financial viability
Pre-tax IRR - equity % 341.5%
Pre-tax IRR - assets % 104.8%
Simple payback yr 0.8
Equity payback yr 0.3
9.4.3
General Description
An average non-energy star rated 1.5 Ton Window AC consumes in the vicinity of
2100 Watts on average (calculated across on-off cycles). By comparison, a modern 5-
Star rated split unit AC of the same cooling capacity consumes on average 1700
Watts - an energy savings of approximately 20%. Always shade your AC from direct
sun. It reduces the efficiency by 5%.
It is proposed to replace 2000 air conditioners with 5 star rated Air conditioners in
residences and small offices etc
Footprint Savings
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission GHG
Base case electricity system factor T&D emission
(Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country – region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.933 8.0% 1.014
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 24,514.0
Proposed case tCO2 21,316.5
Gross annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 3,197.5
GHG credits transaction fee % 10.0%
Net annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 2,877.7
Resource Savings
Electricity Total
Energy MWh MWh
Energy - base
case 24,178 24,178
Energy -
proposed case 21,024 21,024
Energy saved 3,154 3,154
Energy saved - % 13.0% 13.0%
9.4.4
General Description
Evaporative coolers are useful in low-humidity areas or regions. The outdoor air will
pass over water saturated pads and cause the water to evaporate into it. The 15 to
45 degree F (depends upon humidity) cooler air is then directed into the space to be
cooled and pushes warmer air out through windows that are opened. Evaporative
coolers cost about one-half as much to install as air conditioners and use about one-
quarter as much energy. The windows can be opened in this type of air cooling
system so it keeps fresh air always inside the space to be cooled. The evaporative air
cooler can be installed in two ways: Central-location installation for small spaces and
ducted system for larger spaces. This cooling system can be installed for domestic,
commercial and industrial spaces.
Footprint Savings
Replacing a Two ton Split AC which is a 2 star rated with an Evaporative Air Cooler
equivalent can reduce carbon footprint by 6 tonnes CO2e for 273.75 days
(Approximately 9 months).
Cost Savings
Replacing an Two ton Split AC which is a 2 star rated with an Evaporative Air Cooler
equivalent can save you at least Rs. 16170.08 for 273.75 days per year
Resource Savings
Replacing an Two ton Split AC which is a 2 star rated with an Evaporative Air Cooler
equivalent can save 3850.02 kWh or 'units of electricity for 273.75 days per year
(Approximately 9 months).
= 2.4 years
9.4.5
General Description
An average 10 to 15 year old 2-door, 300 Liter, Frost-Free Refrigerator consumes in
the vicinity of 120 Watts on average (calculated across on-off cycles). By comparison,
a modern 5-Star rated refrigerator with identical characteristics consumes on
average 50 Watts - an energy savings of approximately 60%.
Footprint Savings
Replacing a 10-15 year old refrigerator with a 5-star rated equivalent can reduce
carbon footprint by 0.57 tonnes CO2e annually
Cost Savings
It would save you at least Rs. 2600 per year on your electric bill (based on all-India
average electricity rates).
Note: savings are approximately doubled in cities with higher electricity rates such as
Mumbai.
Resource Savings
Replacing a 10-15 year old refrigerator with a 5-star rated equivalent can save 613
kWh or "units of electricity per year
9.4.6
In concept, a net ZEB is a building with greatly reduced energy needs through
efficiency gains such that the balance of the energy needs can be supplied by
renewable technologies.
A ZEB typically uses traditional energy sources such as the electric and natural gas
utilities when on-site generation does not meet the loads. When the on-site
generation is greater than the building’s loads, excess electricity is exported to the
utility grid. By using the grid to account for the energy balance, excess production
can offset later energy use. Achieving a ZEB without the grid would be very difficult,
as the current generation of storage technologies is limited. Despite the electric
energy independence of off-grid buildings, they usually rely on outside energy
sources such as propane (and other fuels) for cooking, space heating, water heating,
and backup generators. Off-grid buildings cannot feed their excess energy
production back onto the grid to offset other energy uses. As a result, the energy
production from renewable resources must be oversized. In many cases (especially
during the summer), excess generated energy cannot be used.
We assume that excess on-site generation can always be sent to the grid. However,
in high market penetration scenarios, the grid may not always need the excess
energy. In this scenario, on-site energy storage would become necessary.
Proposal for implementing a 10 000 Sq feet ZEB office building for Gwalior Municipal
Corporation
-estimated
A good ZEB definition should first encourage energy efficiency, and then use
renewable energy sources available on site. A building that buys all its energy from a
wind farm or other central location has little incentive to reduce building loads,
which is why we refer to this as an off-site ZEB. Efficiency measures or energy
conversion devices such as daylighting or combined heat and power devices cannot
be considered on-site production in the ZEB context. Fuel cells and microturbines do
not generate energy; rather they typically transform purchased fossil fuels into heat
and electricity. Passive solar heating and daylighting are demand-side technologies
and are considered efficiency measures. Energy efficiency is usually available for the
life of the building; however, efficiency measures must have good persistence and
should be “checked” to make sure they continue to save energy. It is almost always
easier to save energy than to produce energy.
9.4.7
• The Energy Efficiency & Renewal Energy Management Centre of GMC seeks
to create partnerships between industry, consumers, manufactures and
institutions to give a new direction to this movement.
• It will create awareness about Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy
Resources and how they can be harnessed in various applications in the
home, business, industry, trade and buildings.
• It will do so by organising trainings of all groups of people who would become
torch bearers for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
• It will advise on regulatory measures.
• It will create a panel of experts who will work with various sectors to help in
promoting this as a business model and creation of value for the customers.
• It will change student ideas in this area by organising Awareness Camps,
Debates, Essay Competitions, Exhibitions & Experiments to carry the
message through the youths of Gwalior.
• Set up an Energy Conservation Fund and collaborate with financing
institutions to find Energy Conservation Activities including Research Projects
having demonstration capability with reputed institutions in Gwalior.
• Work with architects and planners for promotion Green Building Concepts in
Gwalior to conserve Energy, Water, Air Quality, and promote Gwalior Solar
City Campaign of GMC.
• Promote projects which further energy conservation and renewable energy
technologically and financially.
In every country, there are opportunities for more efficient energy management.
Improving efficiency at all levels of government can result in lower energy costs,
reduced demand on capacity-constrained electric utility systems, increased energy
system reliability, and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and local air
pollutants.
Budgeted
No Details No of events Amount/event Total (Rs. in lakhs)
(Rs. in lakhs)
1 Workshops 4 5 20
2 Exhibitions 2 10 20
3 Rallies 4 2 8
4 Contest 5 2 10
Total 58.00
A commercial building is a building that is used for commercial use. Types can
include office, warehouses, or retail (i.e. convenience stores, stores, shopping mall,
etc.). In urban locations, a commercial building often combines functions, such as
an office on levels 2-10, with retail on floor 1. Local authorities commonly maintain
strict regulations on commercial zoning, and have the authority to designate any
zoned area as such. A business must be located in a commercial area or area zoned
at least partially for commerce.
It is estimated that buildings can reduce energy consumption to 140 units from 200
kilowatt hour per square metre (kWh/sq.m.) of floor area per year, effectively
reducing 30-40 percent energy consumption. This can be achieved by incorporating
appropriate design interventions in the lighting, heating, ventilation and air-
conditioning systems. The major area of energy use in the commercial and
institutional building are-
• HVAC
• Lighting
• Water heating
• Other electrical appliances
Electr
Sanctio
Sl. No. OF No of icity
Name Address nd
No. Rooms beds bill in
load
Lakhs
Nadi GATE,
Jayendraganj,
1
Lashkar Ho, Gwalior -
Usha Kiran Palace 474001 25 50 25 70-80
2/A, City Centre,
Madhav Rao Scindia
2
Marg, Gwalior Ho
Central Park Hotel Gwalior 40 80 30-40 1.5-2
Hotel Gwalior Bus Stand, Link Road,
3
Regency Gwalior Ho Gwalior 40 80 35 1
6a, Gandhi RD,
4
Tansen Residency Gwalior Ho Gwalior 30 60 2-2.5
47, Manik Vilas
Colony, Infront Of
5
Hanuman Mandir,
Hotel Landmark Station Chouraha 40 80 1.5-2
Opp Akashvani
6 Bhawan, Gandhi
Sita Manor Hotel Road 43 86 20 1.5
Naya Bazar, Lashkar 0.40-
7
Surbhi Hotel Ho, Gwalior 22 44 0.45
Sanjay Complex,
8 Jayendraganj, 0.300.
City Palace Hotel Lashkar City, Gwalior 26 52 25 -50
40, Manik Vilas,
9
Grace Hotel Gwalior Ho Gwalior, 18 36 15 0.2
Railway Station
10
Safari Hotel Market, Station Road 20 40
Zinsi Road No 1,
11
Ambassador Hotel Lashkar Ho, Gwalior 30 60 25 2.5
New Bus Stand &
12 Railway Station,
D M Hotel Gwalior Ho Gwalior 16 32 20 20-30
Opposite Post Office,
13 Mlb Road, Shinde KI 0.75-
Hotel Habitat Inn Chhawani, 40 80 30 1.5
Hotel Shiv Shakti NAI Sadak, Lashkar
14
Palace City, Gwalior 14 28 0.25
Gwalior Ho Gwalior,
15
Maan Mandir Hotel Gwalior 20 40
Table 35 : Hotel areas for hot water consumption and industry practice
Deluxe
Guest room
• Tub-bath √ √ √ √ × × ▀ ▀
• Shower √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Kitchen √ √ √ √ √ √ ▀ ▀
Locker-room ▀ √ √ ▀ × × ▀ ▀
showers
Swimming pool × × × × × × × ×
Common restroom ×. √ √ × √ × × ×
Janitorial Work × ▀ × × × × × ×
Laundry √ √ √ √ √ √ ▀ ▀
Gym/Spa ▀ √ √ ▀ √ √ ▀ ▀
Business Tourist
Destination
Purpose
Guestroom 50 75 30 25
Laundry 50 50 X X
Kitchen 40 20 20 5
Locker showers 5 10 X X
Common rest 5 10 X X
room/gym/spa
Table :
High-end : 150 lpd/room
Mid-end : 125 lpd/room
Low-end : 50 lpd/room
Other : 30 lpd/room
Source: Green Tech-MNRE report
and 9.55. Based on our consultation with the hotel industry owners and historic
demand growth record, the report has adopted the following CAGR in respect of
rooms across hotel standards/regions.
2008 to 2013 : 10% pa
2014 to 2017 : 7.5% pa
2018 to 2022 : 5% pa
Thus the above growth figures are taken to estimate the growth of hotel rooms in
Gwalior city. The preliminary survey acts as a basis for the 2008 scenario.
A C Neilson estimate, under a study carried out for Government of India in 2006, for
alternative scenarios, of average hotel room requirement for 2015 is 1.384 million
rooms. However, the hotel room providers factor in occupancy (60% to 65%) and
thus plan a supply @ 1.5 times the average requirement. In other words, A C Neilson
study leads to the need for 2 million rooms in 2015.
Madhya 18742 20617 22678 24946 27441 30185 32449 34882 37499 39373 41342
Pradesh
Proposed
Unit Base case case
Financial Analysis
Financial parameters
Inflation rate % 2.5%
Project life yr 20
Debt ratio % 85%
Debt interest rate % 5.00%
Debt term yr 5
Initial costs
Heating system INR 73,60,000
Other INR 20,00,000
Total initial costs INR 93,60,000
income
Financial viability
Pre-tax IRR - equity % 95.7%
Pre-tax IRR - assets % 22.6%
Simple payback yr 3.2
Equity payback yr 1.2
Year
Emission Analysis
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 714.8
Proposed case tCO2 217.7
Gross annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 497.1
GHG credits transaction fee % 0.0%
is
Net annual GHG emission reduction tCO2 497.1 equivalent 91.0
to
Roof Availability
The roof-availability for SWH is an issue mainly for hotels/guesthouses which do not
own the roof. The roof-ownership, in turn, is linked to the hotel-size. Based on
consultation with hotel managers/civil engineers, a premise is made that
hotels/guesthouses having 15 room upward capacity own the roof.
Other Issues
The hotel/guesthouse industry expressed the following wish-list
• Lowering of SWH capital cost
• Technical solution of the problem of somewhat-staggered-through-the-day
demand for hot water
• SWH delivering hot water round the year
10.3.2
Hospital √ √ x X x X
up to 15
beds
Hospital √ √ Limited Limited X X
from to 16
to 50 beds
Hospital √ √ √ √ Limited √
with over
50 beds
The laundry and kitchen are features of large corporate or public hospitals and these
hospitals contribute a tiny percentage of total hospital beds in India. The kitchen
requirement is for cleaning and works out under 5 litres per bed. For practical
purpose, patient room or bathing constitutes the hot water requirement of
hospitals. The arrangement, typically, is shower and/or bucket bath. There are
patients who, for medical reasons, are required to abstain from bathing. The care-
takers accompanying the patient, in many instances, do not bathe in the hospitals.
These practices bring down the hot water consumption in a hospital.
The hospital owners/managers interviewed by us estimated hot water consumption
per bed around 25 lpd/bed for patients who are permitted to bathe. The hospital
covered under the survey reported SWH provisioning at rates varying from 15 to 60
lpd/bed, the popular provisioning norm, though, is in the vicinity of 30 lpd/bed. We
have, therefore, followed the norm of SWH provisioning @ 30 lpd/bed for
government and private hospitals, except for modern multi-specialty private
hospitals.
Dispensary
Allopathic 17 NIL NIL NIL
water, kWh
No. of beds
per month
Address
heater
Sl. No.
(kWh)
1 Birla Surya mandir 250 400 6 7500 7500 15 30 60 945000 263 433125 19
Hospital road,Gwalior
4 Dr. Kaul Naya Bazar, Gwalior 38 35 0.30- 1140 1140 2 30 60 143640 40 65835 3
hospital kVA 0.40
&
researc
h
institut
e
5 Grover Baradari Chauraha, 22 30 0.20- 660 660 1 30 60 83160 23 38115 2
Hospital Morar ho. Gwalior kVA 0.25
6 Mahesh Mlb colony, laxmi bai 92 45kV 0.8 - 2760 2760 6 30 60 347760 97 159390 7
wari colony padav, Gwalior A 1
Nursing
home
7 Gwalior Gwalior Ho, Gwalior. 250 200k 5_6 7500 7500 15 30 60 945000 263 433125 19
Casualt VA
y
Hospital
8 Ratan 18, Near Sai Baba 20 25 0.2- 600 600 1 30 60 75600 21 34650 2
jyoti Mandir, Vikas Nagar, kVA 0.3
Netrala Gwalior
ya
9 ESI Tansesn Road, Gwalior 100 95 4_5 3000 3000 6 30 60 378000 105 173250 8
Ho, Gwalior kVA
It is assumed that the hot water requirement is taken on an average of 30 litres per
day per bed considering that there are not many super speciality hospitals I Gwalior
where the water requirement goes as high as 190 litres per day
The total hot water requirement will increase from 35 460 lpd in 2008 to 45540lpd in
2013 and 55440 lpd in 2018.
Financial viability
Pre-tax IRR - equity % 65.5%
Pre-tax IRR - assets % 17.9%
Year
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission
Base case electricity system factor T&D GHG emission
(Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country - region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.943 8.0% 1.025
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 884.6
Proposed case tCO2 414.7
Unlike households, hospitals are not discouraged by cloud cover or low radiation for
a few days or weeks in the year. Thus, monsoon or fog in winter in itself is not the
reason for private hospitals to stay away from SWH.
Roof Availability
For government hospitals, roof is clearly available for SWH installation. The roof in
respect of private hospitals appears substantially available but the precise position is
Not clear. Most private hospitals having 15 patient bed upward are assumed to
possess roof for SWH installation. In respect of up to 15 bed hospitals, roof
availability is mixed because many of these hospitals are independent buildings with
own roof. We estimate that 10% to 15% of private hospital beds cannot be serviced
by SWH because of roof availability. The new private hospitals, regardless of size and
ownership of roof, can be mandated to install SWH through working out access to
the common roof, since a policy of compulsory SWH for hospital is already in vogue
in principle.
Other Issues
Unlike hotels, it is not too difficult, barring luxury hospitals, to regulate hot water
timing, a positive for SWH installation. We came across an SWH- dependent hospital
where the system is turned off in summer.
Many owners of small/medium hospitals analyze the techno-economics of SWH at
great length; the SWH suppliers find it difficult to cope with the demands they raise
in terms of time and effort. In several of the large hospitals which are spread over a
large area, extensive piping is required for supplying hot water from a central facility
and hence the cost involved in piping through a centarlised SWH emerges as a major
issue.
10.3.3
Introduction
Border Security Force Academy, one of the largest Para-Military forces in the
World, is a versatile force, which is responsible for guarding round the clock vast and
volatile borders not only against trans-border criminals but also against heavily
armed trans-border terrorism as well. Though guarding the borders is the prime
commitment, security forces remain heavily and decisively involved in the interior as
well in combating insurgency and militancy in various parts of the country. Because
of its friendly and human face, BSF remains the much sough after Force for
combating and containing serious law and order situations in the trouble prone
States. And in case of hot War, BSF works as a force multiplier and contributes
substantially towards over all War efforts of the nation as a credible front line Force.
Location
Border Security force Academy is located 32 km away from the land of
legendary music maestro-Tansen, Gwalior.
Current Situation:
Border Security force Academy is spread over an area of 2923 acres, which
includes many wings of academy, different units like Tear Smokes unit, Central
Workshop and stores, CSMT (Central School of Motors transport), NTCD ( National
Training Center for Dogs, Composite Hospital, Central Printing Press, BIDP ( BSF
Institute of Disaster Response) and Education School.
Presently Electricity demand for the Academy is more than 500 kW which is
being drawn by State Electricity board.
Proposed Project
a) 250 kWp Solar PV Power Plant: It is being proposed with this project to
generate 250 kW power with the help of Solar PV off grid system. The system
will be equipped with battery backup for 6 hours period. System will be
capable of delivering the power for minimum 6 hours in day. The generated
power will be mainly used for Lighting and small and medium power
equipment in Academy.
b) Solar Water Heater it is also being proposed to install 30,000 LPD capacities
on roof different unit of the academy as per requirement.
Photovoltaic is the most direct way to convert solar radiation into electricity and is
based on the photovoltaic effect. It is quite generally defined as the emergence of an
electric voltage between two electrodes attached on a solid or liquid system upon
shining light on to this system. Practically all photovoltaic devices incorporate a pn
junction in a semiconductor across which the photovoltage is developed. These
devices are also known as solar cell.
Fig 31 : Solar PV power Generating System
One of the popular devices that harness the solar energy is solar hot water system. A
solar water heater consists of a collector to collect solar energy and an insulated
storage tank to store hot water. The solar energy incident on the absorber panel
coated with selected coating transfers the hat to the riser pipes underneath the
absorber panel. The water passing through the risers get heated up and are
delivered the storage tank. The re-circulation of the same water through absorber
panel in the collector raises the temperature to 80 °C (Maximum) in a good sunny
day. The total system with solar collector, storage tank and pipelines is called solar
hot water system.
Estimated Cost
a) Estimated Cost for Solar PV Power System = Rs 1.50 Crore
b) Estimated Cost for Solar Water Heater System = Rs 42 Lakhs
c) Total Cost = Rs 7.17 Crore.
Table 44 : Solar Water Heater – Cost estimate
Sl. Type of Capacity Unit Total MNRE Total
No. Technology Price Cost Subsidy Subsidy(Lakh
(Rs) (in Lakhs (Rs) Rs)
Rs)
1 Solar PV 250 kWp 60/W 150 18/w 45
Savings
a) Solar PV System
Table 45 :Solar PV system – System cost& savings and Power Generation &
GHG Reductions
i) System Cost and Saving
Sl. Capacity Generation Unit Cost Total saving
No. (kWp) Per Year (Rs/kWh) Per year
(kW/year)
1 250 66000 4.5 297000
The Plug & Save concept of the Inline ballast .allows such retrofitting process to be
carried out by end users without employing highly qualified expensive electricians. It
only takes a minute.
INLINE T5 SERIES
Fits T5 FTL into common T8/T12
fixtures, and provide High Frequency
Energy Saving operation.
It is proposed to replace 10000 nos T-12 FTL with the T-5 Inline Ballast in Hotels ,
Hospitals, Office Buildings, Educational institutions, hostels ,etc by the year 2013
Footprint Savings
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission GHG
Base case electricity system factor T&D emission
(Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country - region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.933 8.0% 1.014
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 7,727.2
Proposed case tCO2 6,108.5
Gross annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 1,618.7
GHG credits transaction fee % 10.0%
is
Net annual GHG emission equivalent
reduction tCO2 1,456.9 to 267
Resource Savings
Replacing with the T-5 inline ballast will save 15 97 000 kWh or 'units of electricity
per year.
Year
Financial Analysis
Financial parameters
Inflation rate % 2.0%
Project life yr 15
Debt ratio % 70%
Debt interest rate % 12.00%
Debt term yr 5
Initial costs
Energy efficiency measures INR 93,50,000
Other INR 10,00,000
Total initial costs INR 1,03,50,000
Financial viability
Pre-tax IRR - equity % 341.5%
Pre-tax IRR - assets % 104.8%
Simple payback yr 0.8
Equity payback yr 0.3
10.4.2
General Description
Lighting accounts for almost 20 percent of the total electricity demand in the country
and it is due to ICLs which are highly energy consuming. Only about 5 percent is
converted into light and rest is used as heat where as CFL uses only 1/5th of
electricity and provides the same level of illumination. To overcome the challenge of
over heating, CFLs are recommended by BEE to conserve Energy.
1. Decreases peak load: Lighting is one of the major contributors to peak load. If
400 million light points are replaced with CFLs; it would lead to a reduction of
over 10,000 MW in electricity demand. It would not only reduce emissions
but also result in the reduction of peak load in the country which currently
faces a shortage of up to 15 percent.
2. Reduce Green House Gas emissions: Incandescent Lamps are harmful to the
environment because they use so much energy to function.
3. Win-win situation for all stakeholders: This lamp savings programme reduces
government and household expenditure. With reduction in energy
consumption in every commercial building, the country can conserve its
limited power supply and on a building level, electricity bills are within control
It is proposed to install 5000 CFls of 14 watts capacity instead of Incandescent lamps
of 60W.
Cost savings
Incremental
Incremental Fuel cost O&M Simple
Show: Electricity initial costs savings savings payback
Fuel saved MWh INR INR INR yr
Use of 14watt
CFLs instead of
40watt ICLs 380 10,00,000 25,05,360 0 0.4
Carbon Foot print
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission
Base case electricity factor T&D GHG emission
system (Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country - region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.933 8.0% 1.014
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 592.1
Proposed case tCO2 207.2
Gross annual GHG
emission reduction tCO2 384.9
GHG credits transaction
fee % 10.0%
Net annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 346.4
Resource Savings
Electricity Total
Energy MWh MWh
Energy - base case 584 584
Energy - proposed
case 204 204
Energy saved 380 380
Energy saved - % 65.0% 65.0%
Year
Financial Analysis
Financial parameters
Inflation rate % 2.5%
Project life yr 5
Debt ratio % 70%
Debt interest rate % 11.50%
Debt term yr 3
Initial costs
Energy efficiency measures INR 10,00,000
Other INR 2,00,000
Total initial costs INR 12,00,000
Financial viability
Pre-tax IRR - equity % 642.3%
Pre-tax IRR - assets % 194.8%
Simple payback yr 0.5
Equity payback yr 0.2
General Description
An average non-energy star rated 1.5 Ton Window AC consumes in the vicinity of
2100 Watts on average (calculated across on-off cycles). By comparison, a modern 5-
Star rated split unit AC of the same cooling capacity consumes on average 1700
Watts - an energy savings of approximately 20%. Always shade your AC from direct
sun. It reduces the efficiency by 5%.
It is proposed to replace 2000 air conditioners with 5 star rated Air conditioners in
Hotels, Hospitals, Educational Institutions, offices etc
Footprint Savings
Emission Analysis
GHG
emission GHG
Base case electricity system factor T&D emission
(Baseline) (excl. T&D) losses factor
Country – region Fuel type tCO2/MWh % tCO2/MWh
India All types 0.933 8.0% 1.014
GHG emission
Base case tCO2 24,514.0
Proposed case tCO2 21,316.5
Gross annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 3,197.5
GHG credits transaction fee % 10.0%
Net annual GHG emission
reduction tCO2 2,877.7
Resource Savings
Electricity Total
Energy MWh MWh
Energy - base
case 24,178 24,178
Energy -
proposed case 21,024 21,024
Energy saved 3,154 3,154
Energy saved - % 13.0% 13.0%
10.4.4
General Description
Most of the carbon footprint from air-conditioned residences and offices is the
consequence of electricity consumption by cooling appliances. While installing more
energy efficient air conditioners is an effective way to reduce this footprint, the
footprint reduction can be greatly enhanced by reducing the quantity of incoming
heat energy that the device has to ‘fight’. The commonly used dark-tinted films
applied on automobile windows, is an example of a relatively outmoded method of
reducing incoming heat energy to Minimise air-conditioning load. Reflective ‘mirror-
like’ surfaces that reject solar energy also perform the same function. These
solutions, while reducing heat load, do however have an adverse effect on the
lighting requirements of the indoor areas they shield – they block visible light as
much as they block heat energy from the sun. Recent innovations have resulted in
the creation of films that reject upwards of 90% of infrared and UV rays (the primary
agents of conveying solar heat into interiors of building) while permitting 70% of
visible light to pass through. Such films are known as spectrally selective films. By
comparison, heavy silver window films permit just 15 to 20% of visible light to pass
through. As an added benefit, the UV-blocking property of these films leads to
dramatic reduction in fading of upholstery, carpets and other soft-furnishing.
Prolonging the life of these resource intensive and high cost products has notable
indirect but tangible footprint benefits as well. The lower cost of incorporating this
solution relative to the cost of replacing existing cooling devices elevates this
alternative in the priority list of interventions; it ought to be implemented as a pre-
requisite prior to any other capital intensive solutions.
Footprint Savings
Placing a solar reflective window film (Spectrally selective films) onto on a window
we can save carbon footprint by 10.2 kg CO2e per year per Square foot of a window
film. For a typical home of 2 bedrooms which has 2 windows in each room and
measuring a total of 64 Sq ft (4*4 Sq ft of each window) of windows, can reduce
carbon footprint by 652.8 kg CO2e per year.
Cost Savings
Placing a solar reflective window film (Spectrally selective films) onto on a
conventional window, can save you at least Rs. 27.6 per year per Square foot of a
window film on your electricity bill (based on all-India average electricity rates) and
savings are approximately doubled in cities with higher electricity rates such as
Mumbai. For a typical home of 2 bedrooms which has 2 windows in each room and
measuring a total of 64 Sq ft (4*4 Sq ft of each window) of windows, can save you at
least Rs. 1766.4 per year on your electricity bill (based on all-India average electricity
rates) and savings are approximately doubled in cities with higher electricity rates
such as Mumbai.
Resource Savings
For a 2 room house /office Per year per 64 sq ft Upto year 2013
General Description
CFL Bulbs represent the most popular energy saving lighting device used to
dramatically cut carbon footprint. They belong to new age technology. But there is a
technology, fast approaching and no longer just on the horizon, called Light Emitting
Diode (LED) lighting that provides even greater energy savings compared to CFL
Bulbs. An LED Bulb consuming merely 6 Watts of power can emit the same light as a
11 Watt (+3 Watt Choke) CFL Bulb or a 60 Watt Regular Incandescent Bulb.
Additionally, since these bulbs last approximately 40 times longer than regular bulbs
and 6 times longer than CFL bulbs, their higher initial cost is recovered through fewer
bulb purchases. And this is the least known, but very crucial, advantage of LED and
other energy saving lighting technologies – they reduce the heat load that air
conditioners must ‘fight’. This is because more than 98% of the energy output of an
Incandescent Bulb is wasted as heat energy, which warms the air in a room. By
reducing the power supplied by 90% (by using LED bulbs), the quantity of heat
generated in the room is also reduced proportionally. The end result is a significant
savings in energy costs and carbon footprint from Air Conditioner use.
Cost Savings
Replacing 6 regular light bulbs, used 8 hours per day, save you at least Rs. 4000 per
year on your electric bill (based on all-India average electricity rates).
Footprint Savings
Replacing 6 regular light bulbs, used 8 hours per day, can reduce carbon footprint by
1.4 tonnes CO2e annually.
Resource Savings
Replacing 6 regular light bulbs, used 8 hours per day, can save 964 kWh or "units of
electricity per year
CFL
(Compact LED
Incandescent Fluorescent (Light-Emitting Diode
Light Bulbs Bulbs) Light Bulbs)
Watts 60 14 6
Days in month 30 30 30
Monthly household/office
energy savings
KWh used per month 279 27
63
Electricity Cost (@ Rs. 9 per
KWh) Rs.2511 Rs.567 Rs. 243
Savings by switching from
Incandescent Rs,00 Rs.1944 Rs.2268
Note: the below projections are calculated for Rs.6.6 per unit
Replacing 6 light bulbs with LED lamps per household/office for 10,000 homes
10.4.6
General Description
uPVC is an ideal replacement of conventional (wooden, aluminium, steel etc)
windows in the sense that it can reduce deforestation, provide better insulation that
reduce heat losses (20% of a home’s heat is lost through its windows and energy
saving double glazing uPVC windows can cut the heat lost out of windows by 50%),
prevent noise from entering the household and do not require any maintenance or
painting. UPVC is an environment friendly recyclable material, which is widely used in
Proposed Implementation: 1000 blocks of 1000 sq feet and 300 sq ft window area
with investment is Rs.7 50 00 000
Energy Conservation
HVAC
A big category for light industrial operations is HVAC. Waste heat from processes,
lighting, air compressors, etc. can contribute in winter but may not be well
distributed. Waste heat at some facilities can create additional cooling loads not only
in summer, but to a lesser degree in the other seasons as well. Consider the viability
of combined heat and power for your facility.
• Waste heat from compressors can frequently be captured for space heating or
other uses.
• Supply air for the compressors and boilers should be from the outside, not indoor
air.
• Add economizers to the A/C system (a useful technique except on hot, humid days).
• Identify and correct unwanted drafts and unwanted air movement from one area
to another.
• Areas of building prone to solar heat gain should be shaded in summer and
exposed in winter.
Hot Water
Hot water, depending on the business, may or may not be a large percentage of
facility energy use.
• To keep sediment from building on heat transfer surfaces, drain and flush the tank
every 6 months.
• Consider using a solar heater for the bulk of your hot water requirements.
Lighting Design
Energy efficient lighting starts with efficient lighting design. Often people work in
older spaces that were designed for different tasks or a different layout.
• Evaluate the design of the general and task lighting for the work being done in the
area.
• Consider lighting that could be turned off in overlit areas or occupancy sensors for
areas of infrequent use.
• Replace mercury vapor lamps with super T8 or high output T-5 fluorescents, or
other more efficient lighting.
• Have fixtures and lamps cleaned annually or as necessary to maintain light output.
• Upgrade lighting efficiency with retrofit kits or total replacement.
• Consider controls to turn off lights near outside walls that get natural daylighting.
• Use energy efficient lighting design and equipment for outside (e.g. Solar switches
with Energy Savers).
• Disconnect ballasts from delamped fixtures.
• Use electronic, not magnetic ballasts.
• Educate employees on energy conservation and seek their ideas and actions in
conservation goals.
• Utilize automatic features of computers and networks for sleep modes and power
down modes.
• Make use of clock controls to de-activate copiers, and other equipment overnight
and on weekends.
• Use equipment that is energy efficient and offers energy saving features (e.g.,
Energy Star).
• Monitor use of personal plug loads (e.g., heaters, refrigerators, coffee makers, etc.)
Coal, Electricity, Petrol, Diesel, LDO, Furnace Oil are some major source of the
energy in the industries. We have collected data of all the major industries of
the Gwalior City and collected data of all forms of energy being used in the
sector
In fact, the industries of Gwalior are recognized as the counter magnet to the
industries of National Capital Region. It is noteworthy that the industries of Gwalior
are emerging as integrated industrial estates. These industrial estates of Gwalior are
run by the development corporations that are large working towards the
proliferation of these industries. The independent industrial development
corporations are thus contributing towards the expansion of the economy of Gwalior.
Moreover, it is noteworthy that the industrial estates of Gwalior possess all the
facilities that are required for the development of the industries of Gwalior. In fact,
these existing industrial areas are said to be instrumental in the development of the
industries in Gwalior. Some of the industries that form an integral part of Gwalior
economy are:
Textile mills
• Artificial silk manufacturing plants
• Handicraft and hand loom industry
• Tanning industry
• Chemical industry
Gwalior Chemical Industries Limited is one of the principle industries that caters to
the needs of a number of industries. To name a few:
• Agrochemical industries
Besides, trade and commerce in Gwalior also form a major constituent of its
economy. In Gwalior, Morar is the center of trade and commerce. In fact, Morar is
known for its tanning industry. The pottery and carpets by the artisans of Gwalior
also contribute towards the economy.
O and M circle
Dabra
M/s G.M. (TSU)
36 HT-3.1 Industrial BSF,Tekenpur 376 49770
M/s Agro Solvent Product
39 HT-3.1 Industrial Datia 1500 579780
M/s Kachhawah Minerals,
42 HV-3.1 Industrial Datia 117 4748
Cost Savings @5.5 Rs per unit till 2013 in the next two years
:Rs.21 84 31 554
In India, there are about 3000 tanneries processing around 600 million kg of
raw skin and hide per annum generating around 50 MLD of liquid waste and
305 million kg of solid waste. The pollution load in wastewater from
tanneries is of the order of 30 – 120 kg of BOD5 and 75– 320 kg of COD per
tonne of raw hide or skin processed. The environmental problems in the
tanning industry have become more challenging after the Supreme Court
verdict leading to the closure of polluting tanneries during 1995.
TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED
Fig 32 : Bio gas in tanning plant
BENEFITS ACHIEVED
1. Employment Generation :
Waste to energy conversion plant is providing employment to about 10
persons for the collection of waste and operation and maintenance of the
plant.
2. Fuel Savings / Revenue Earned :
Revenue generated from biogas through thermal energy recovery is
about Rs.14.0 lakhs per annum and through recovery of basic chromium
sulphate from the solid wastes about Rs.5.0 lakhs per annum.
3. Waste Management/ Cleanliness
The project has demonstrated an eco-friendly process for the management of
chrome leather shaving wastes from leather finishing unit. The process
implemented is a total solution for the management of hazardous wastes in
an environment friendly manner. It has improved the environment in and
around the TIL complex
11.3.2
• Quick and easy exchange of the evacuated tubes without using any
tools
• Hailstone test DIN EN 12975-2
• Low pressure loss allows several modules to be connected in series
• High energy yield in the transitional period and winter
• Extremely low heat loss due to the high vacuum
11.3.3
It is recommended to install Solar Led street lights in the main industries in Gwalior
to save energy and also to provide light during the frequent power outages occurring
in Gwalior.
These street lights combine high- performance LEDs along with high-efficiency
electronics to deliver more light lumens to customers at lesser cost. Designed with
battery back-up of 36 hours, our LED Solar Street Lights are highly reliable and can be
used across the country under various climatic conditions.
Some of the key features of our LED Solar Street Lights are as below –
• Aluminum housing
• LEDs for light source
• Optics
• High efficiency driver & MPPT charge controller
• Polycrystalline solar cells
All the components are optimized for Optimum thermal management and maximum
energy efficiency with lowest heat sink design cost
Microprocessor based charge controller (MPPT) and LED driver maximizes the
performance of panel & battery
Luminaire
Light Output (after accounting driver loss & charge controller loss)
: 1800 lumen
Driver Life
Luminaire Arm
Charge Controller
Efficiency :94%
No load current :Less than 10 mA
Enclosure :IP65
Solar Panel :Multi crystalline silicon
Solar cells
Voltage :12V
Solar cell efficiency :Min 14%
Solar panel efficiency :12%
Container :Ip 65
Pole
Height :5 m
i. Cost estimates
Cost of 1 Street Light : Rs.50,000.00
Implementation of 500 streetlights=Rs.250 lakhs
Energy Saved Per annum in Kwh replacing a 250Watt light: 5.47 lakh kwh per
annum
Steam Generation
Solar parabolic dish concentrator consists of a concentrator which uses solar grade
mirrors as reflectors and a receiver. The sunlight is concentrated onto the receiver
and the medium which flows through the receiver gets heated up.
Application Areas:
• Industrial Steam Generation
• Solar Cooking
Steam is used at low pressures to cook food in large quantities, as it reduces
the cooking time considerably. Solar thermal technology which produces
heat can be profitably deployed to generate steam at desired pressure in
eco-friendly manner.
Suitable for:
• Educational Institutions
• Canteens in industries/ commercial organizations
• Hotels
• Asrhams/ Temples
11.3.4
There are many cold storages in and around Gwalior as indicated by the list of
industries detailed above. The following is a case study of a successful
implementation of bio mass co generation in cold storages. There are many lessons
to be learned from the following.
Case study;
DG SET COMBINED HEAT & POWER (CHP) GENERATION -
A SUCCESSFUL CASE STUDY OF A COLD STORAGE
Courtesy :G.Subramanyam
Sr.Dy.Director (Energy Management)
National Productivity Council
The following is a successful case study of Cold Storage unit situated at outskirts of
Hyderabad. The Unit started its operations way back in 1987. The company is one of
the first and commercial De-Humidification Cold Storage unit in the state of Andhra
Pradesh, exclusively designed for high value hybrid seeds, tamarind , chillies etc. The
company has state-of-art pre-cooling facility for export of quick perishables like
fruits, vegetables and eggs. The unit needs both power and steam. The electrical
power consumption is towards running refrigeration compressor and associated
equipment like condensor pumps, chilled water pumps, cooling tower and lighting
etc. The steam is used for de-humidification. In cold storage units. The temperature
and RH control are most critical in cold storage units, and the moisture is absorbed
by in adsorber using silicagel as deccicant. After absorption, the silica gel needs to be
regenerated, and steam is used for Bry Air regeneration purpose. In Bry Air
dehumidification in one cycle - adsorption of moisture takes place and in other cycle -
re-activation of silica gel is carried out using hot air. Hot air is generated using steam
in the radiator coils.
Initially, the unit went for 75HP LT connection with the SEB, which is meant for
lighting only. For balance power requirements, 2 x 320 KVA DG sets were installed.
For steam generation, 600 kg/hr capacity HSD fired boiler was installed. The unit
requires around 185 Kw of power and 300-350 Kg/hr of steam. Initially the unit used
to consume about 55-60 lit/hr Diesel in the DG sets and another 22-25 lit/hr Diesel in
the boiler. The DG sets were used to operate for 12Hrs/day and the boiler was
needed to operated about 10-12 Hrs/day. With this combination, the daily energy
cost used to be around Rs.31,416/day, and the annual bill of the order of Rs.115
Lakhs/year. (All the costs are compared at the present rate).
When the cost of Diesel went up exorbitantly, the unit has gone for a gassifier, using
rice husk as fuel, by investing Rs.15 Lakhs. The gassifier was supplied by M/s Ankur
Scientific Energy Systems, Baroda. The rice husk is partially oxidized, and bio-gas is
generated. The other by-products of the gassifier are ash & tar. The ash has very
good market value and is being used by brick manufacturers and tar is sold as a
lubricant. One problem with the gassifier is , the DG set cann’t run on completely on
100% bio-gas. A minimum of 30% Diesel and 70% gas is needed. But this unit decided
to use 40% Diesel and 60% bio-gas for running the DG sets. By installing this Gassifier,
the Unit has reduced their total energy bill to Rs. 79 Lakhs from the initial Rs. 115
Lakhs a savings of by Rs.36 lakhs, a significant reduction of more than 31%.
When these people decided to go for a gassifier, the cost of Rice husk used to be in
the range of Rs.700-800/ton. But over a period, when every body started using rice
husk, the cost of rice husk also gone up and is now available in the range of Rs1500-
1600/Ton, and almost doubled. At this stage, they approached National Productivity
Council, to help them to reduce their energy bill further by carrying out Energy Audit
in the year 2000.
After preliminary visits and taking some trails on DG sets, Boiler and refrigeration
system, we thought Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR) system would be best bet
to replace the existing load of 100 TR , which is running on vapour compression
Ammonia refrigeration system. Since steam is available and in case, if we want more
steam, we thought we can generate from bio-gas. At this stage, two alternatives
worked out. First one is to generate steam by installing Waste Heat Boiler(WHB),
another alternative was to generate hot air directly from the Flue gas by installing
simple air heater. First of all, why to generate steam and then produce hot air, if we
are able to generate directly hot air, so that we can avoid one more inefficiency. But
after working out various alternatives, our suggestion of heat recovery from DG sets
exhaust gases and generating hot air was well appreciated. Since the DG sets are run
continuously we felt this is an ideal case for Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
generation.
0
The exhaust temperature of the DG sets used to be in the range of 390-400 C. After
detailed measurement of F.Gas flow, the potential heat available assessed to be
around 1,00,000 Kcal/hr, which is more than sufficient to generate 1500 CFM hot air
0
at 120 C. This perfectly matched the plant requirements. After giving this idea, the
unit has implemented the Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) system for their DG sets, in a
record time of one month. Interesting part is, based on the heat duty, we have given
them a rough estimate of heat transfer area required and the line diagram of the
modification. The unit has fabricated the shell & tube heat exchanger on their own
inside the factory itself at a cost of only Rs.3.5 lakhs( year 2000 cost ) & present cost
Rs.6 Lakhs. One single heat exchanger, with blower can cater to both the DG sets,
with by-pass arrangement. When we gave them, the heat exchanger design, in fact,
we ourselves were not confident of our own design. But after seeing the working
o
model, which was giving hot air at 140-150 C, at the exit of the Waste heat recovery
system, we are proud that, we can do even designing.
By implementation of the WHR, the existing steam boiler was completely stopped
and has become a stand-by boiler. By this the annual bill of the plant has further
reduced to Rs.46 Lakhs from the initial Rs. 115 Lakhs. In another words, additional
savings of Rs.33 Lakhs, by stopping the boiler alone. This amounts to reduction of
another 42%. The following table-1 presents the cost comparison of three different
combinations, i.e.1) DG set & Boiler, 2) DG set with Gassifier & Boiler and 3) DG set
with Gassifier & WHR system.
Cost
10. Annual Rs. Lakhs 115 79 46
Energy Bill
11. Annual Energy Rs. Lakhs 36 69
Savings
12. Investment towards Rs. Lakhs 15 15
Gassifier
13. Investment towards Rs. Lakhs 0 6
Waste Heat
Recovery
This is a successful case study of a small cold storage unit, which experimented, by
installing a gassifier and also the waste heat recovery system, there by reducing their
energy bill from the initial Rs.115 Lakhs to Rs.46 Lakhs, a savings of Rs.69 Lakhs
equivalent to 60% over a period. The simple payback period was hardly less than 4
months, really unbelievable. This savings are based on only 12hrs/day of operation.
Imagine the savings, if the plant operates for 24 hrs and all the 3 shifts. This
technology can be replicated not only in the similar cold storage units but also for
other units, who needs combined heat & power (CHP) simultaneously and urge to
reduce their energy bills.
About one-third of the energy used in Gwalior went to industry. That’s not so
surprising when you consider everything that falls under this economic sector.
The use of energy in industry affects every single citizen personally through
the cost of goods and services, the quality of manufactured products, the
strength of the economy, and the availability of jobs.
The industrial sector uses energy in many ways. Often energy is needed directly to
raise the temperature of components in the manufacturing process, which is called
process heating. Refining crude oil, where heat is used to separate various products,
is an example of this. Another common use of energy in industry is to heat a boiler
that generates steam or hot water.
Electricity and oil are heavily relied upon in industry and manufacturing.
While a broad range of activities is included in this sector, a few stand out as
the biggest energy users. The chemical, agro products, oil mills, and tanning,
textiles industries draw a large amount of energy, as do pharma,etc in
Gwalior. In fact, those industries consume about 75% of the energy used by
this sector. For this reason, many efforts to improve the Gwalior’s energy
efficiency should focus on industry and manufacturing.
The first step in improving energy efficiency in small and medium scale industries is
to perform a comprehensive energy audit. The comprehensive energy audit is
subsidized by the Electricity Board and the Madhya Pradesh urja Vikas Nigam has also
EEDPL/GMC/Solar city/2011 Page 221
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
There are many funding and financing opportunities also available for implementing
the recommendations often without any upfront capital investment costs.
Some recommendations for textile companies are enumerated below for reference.
Textile Industries
Introduction
In general, energy in the textile industry is mostly used in the forms of: electricity, as
a common power source for machinery, cooling and temperature control systems,
lighting, office equipment, etc.; oil as a fuel for boilers which generate steam;
liquefied petroleum gas; coal; and city gas.
In each production process of the textile industry, the heating and cooling of gases
and liquids as media of heat are frequently required. This is done through heat
exchange between different fluids, and in order to avoid contamination or chemical
reaction due to their direct contact, heat exchangers are used to carry out indirect
heating and cooling. It is important to use the right heat exchanger for the intended
purpose
Energy saving is an operation to grasp the actual situation of energy use in a factory
precisely and quantitatively and to carry out improvement measures in order to
rationalize and economize on it. While measuring instruments are needed to obtain
quantitative data, it will become more and more important to investigate the use of
For the fine spinning operation, electricity is consumed in driving the spindles,
packaging, and spinning, drafting, and operating the lifting and cleaning mechanisms.
It is desired to curb the increase of electricity consumption as much as possible by
setting an optimal condition for each of these electricity usages
(2)Air-conditioning
Although as an ideal working environment a room temperature less than 30°C is
desirable, in cases where the working environment has been drastically improved in
most other aspects with work load also reduced, a slightly increased room
temperature may be permitted. there are many instances of seasonal switch-over
from a damper to a pulley as a means of readjusting the blown air volume; this is in
order to recycle the air sucked from the processing machine for each operation
through a filter back to the same room, and it is therefore necessary to recheck the
locations of fans for suction and returning
3.5 kWh/kg for a single heater system and 5.0 kWh/kg for a double heater system as
one report suggests.
60% of all energy consumption by a false twist machine occurs in the heater.
Therefore, improvements in the heat insulation of the heater and the lowering of
heater temperature may be considered as energy saving measures. Since the latter
has implications in the characteristics of the finished-yam, whether or not it is
adopted should be examined on such occasions as in the development of a new
product.
2.2.4 Weaving
As is shown in Figure 24, rationalization in fabric production is such that while
various improvements in machinery aimed at high speed operation and labor saving
have been carried out, the amount of energy use per unit of the product has
gradually increased. Regarding loom design, high productivity shuttle less looms such
as water jet, rapier and gripper types have successfully been introduced, with air jet
models put in practice in the production area of industrial fabric material. The
amount of energy consumed by each loom during its weaving operation can be
estimated from the motor capacity and weaving speed. Conventional shuttle looms
are based on the weft-insertion method, incorporating a shuttle zooming to and fro
with a large inertia mass (approx. 400) and mounted with extra weft, and they also
use energy consuming pins as an integral part of the machine. For this reason, the
shuttle less looms’ contribution to energy saving cannot be regarded as too high.
2.2.5 Knitting
As is shown in Table 13, the share of energy cost in the total cost of production is not
necessarily high for the knitting process. However, of the main production facilities
for this process, knitting machines have also been undergoing a shift towards high
speed and large capacity and fine gauge features; the current industry trend is for
high added-value goods and multi-line, small-volume production based on advanced
systems such as computer-controlled pattern making mechanisms. Therefore, a
potential tendency for increased energy consumption should be taken into account.
As a result, it is desirable to conduct a comprehensive re-examination of the
production schedule along with the implementation of actual energy conservation
measures in order to reduce or restrain the share of energy cost in the total
production cost.
The global trend towards increased urbanisation requires municipal bodies to provide
services such as streetlights, solid waste management, sewage treatment & disposal,
etc. All these activities consume significant amount of electricity, usually in an
inefficient manner. The cost of energy sometimes constitutes more than 50% of the
municipality’s budget and implementing efficiency measures could reduce it by at
least 25%. There is a potential to save around 10 billion rupees by implementing
energy efficiency measures. Almost all municipal bodies depend on government
support to meet their development and operating expenses. Government of India,
through the Bureau of Energy Efficiency has initiated a programme to cover 175
municipalities in the country by conducting investment grade energy audits and
preparation of detailed project reports. Energy Service Companies are being
encouraged to take up the implementation of the programme with the help of
financial institutions. Utilities must encourage implementation of DSM measures to
relieve their network of such inefficient load. Municipal sector includes water
pumping, waste water treatment, and street lighting .Electricity play the major role of
source of energy.
The official buildings, activities of the Municipality wherein the Municipality is
paying energy bills have been studied for implementation of energy efficiency and
conservation measures under Municipal sectors The Situational Survey and detailed
energy audit has been carried out by Elpro Energy Dimensions for the Bureau of
Energy Efficiency in Gwalior.
12.3.1
The waste production rate of the Gwalior is estimated to be 735 tones per day from
waste stream, primary households, business and commercial waste, collectively
termed as Municipal Solid Waste, MSW. A huge potential of the power generation
from this waste is estimated to be 110250 MW per year. If it will be utilized fully then
it can meet up to 33 % of annual energy required. Net calorific value off the MSW is
11508 Kcal/kg.the composition of the solid waste is as follow:
600 tones will be collected. It is shown from the below calculation that 8 MW power
plant can be installed
Quantity of MSW - 600 tones
Net calorific value - 11508 Kcal/kg
Energy Recovery Potential (kWh) - NCV x W x 1000/860 = NCV x W x 1.16
Power Generation Potential (in kW) = 1.16 x NCV X W/24 = 0.048 X NCV x W
Conversion Efficiency (in percentage) = 25%
Net Power Generation Potential (kW) = 0.012 x NCV x W
The Power Generation Potential in the above case shall be = 82857.6 kW
= 8.3 MW
In all the above cases, for computation purpose we have taken conversion efficiency
as 25% only in order to validate power potential conservatively.
CDM benefit
GHG reduction due to CH4
Total CH4 reduction = 6745.2 tone per year
1 tone CH4 = 21 tone CO2
Total CH4 reduction = 6745.2 × 21 =141649.2 tone / year
Total CER = 141649.2
1 CER = 10 $ = 50 Rs
Total benefit = 7082460 lakh Rs/ year
CO2 Emission reduction
In order to decrease food waste and mitigate climate change, East Bay Municipal
Utility District (EBMUD) is pioneering an innovative method of reducing the amount
of food waste reaching landfills while simultaneously producing renewable energy.
The kithen waste from the hotels in Gwalior is calculated approximately 16.200
tonnes annually and kitchen waste from houses, hospitals, hostels are put into about
approximately 200 tonnes annually.
Hence total of about 216 tonnes of kitchen waste will contribute to the production of
electricity
Summary
Based on the study and review, we can say, the performance of the project is
a function of the success of proposed two-segment reverse acting and reciprocating
grate which the company proposes to import.
In India no such projects are under operation with this grate technology.
However we endorse this grate which has been proven successful in many countries.
This project stands viable with government support and CDM revenues. The
proposed project activity will lead to GHG emission reduction in the following
manner:
• The methane emission is avoided which would otherwise happen due to
anaerobic decomposition of MSW in the existing waste disposal site.
• Power exported from the proposed project activity will replace fossil fuel
based power from the
grid.
12.3.2
Municipal waste water treatment plant treat the waste water of whole city and
produce water at accepted level of contaminant and sludge which is further treated
for dispose.
It is suggested to go for the anaerobic digestion of the sludge generated and
produce electricity from the biogas produced. According to the sample of the
sewage, around 3480 M3/Day will be generated by which 4593600 kW electricity can
be generated. The anaerobic digestion of sludge is proposed for electricity generation
by fuel cell technology. Produced power can be utilize in house and surplus amount
can be fed in to grid.
Fuel cell system (“power plant”) consisted of the systems in the fuel
processing, power section, and power conditioning “blocks” and of ancillary systems
that supplies water, air, and other materials required to operate the plant.
Sludge calculations:
1000
: 18000 Kg/day
Primary clarifier
Excess Sludge
(i) Excess sludge generated shall be total of :VSS generated out of BOD
reduction (Px)
(ii) VSS generated out of NH4N reduction
(i) VSS generated out of BOD reduction
Px = yobs x Q x (So-S) x (103g/Kg )-1
Yobs = Y
1 + kd. c
Thus Px (VSS) = Y x Q (So-S) x (103g/Kg )-1
1 + kd. c
Thus Px (VSS) = 0.6 x 60000x (108-20)
1+0.06 x 5 1000 = 2429 kg/day
Px (SS) = 2429/0.8
= 3036 kg/day
= 103 kg/day
Gas Production :
= 3877 kg/day
= 3480 M3/day
= 145 M3/hr.
Power Generation:
CDM Benefits
CH4 Reduction
CO2 Reduction
Application:
To produce distilled water for use in laboratories, lead acid batteries, army auto-
workshops and industry.
iv. Summary
Project focuses on both methane emission reduction as well as the electricity, heat
produced, the produced methane from the Gwalior waste water treatment plant will
be captured and used in the direct molten carbonate fuel cell to generate electricity,
heat and water.
Power generation from sewage will not only treat the sewage it will be cause of
reduction of GHG gas in the atmosphere in this way it is an environmental friendly
way of power production and also subjected to CDM benefit.
12.3.3
Setting a Power System based on solar will not only help to additional power
requirement but serve the salient features
• A clean. Silent and eco- friendly source of power
• Negligible maintenance as there are no moving parts
• Long life spam of solar modules
• Simple installation: Can be mounted on the roof to of ground.
• Can be installed at point of use to avoid the transmission losses.
Site Details
(7) Location/Address University of Petroleum & Energy Studies,
Bidholi, Dehradun
(8) Altitude 207 M
(9) Latitude 26.22o N
(10) Longitude 78.18 o E
(11) Av rainfall 88.9 cm
(12) Temperature
7 Solar Module
8 Combiner box& main junction box (CB & MJB)
9 Solar module mounting structure
10 ACDB and DCDB
11 Inverter
12 Power Conditioning Unit
Specification of Plant
Capacity of plant : 5 MW
No. of module : 2272
Maximum Power of module : 220W
No. of module in parallel :8
No. of module in series : 284
System voltage : 240 V
12.3.4
Technology
Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic
panels generally mounted on the lighting structure. The photovoltaic panels charge a
rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp during the night.
Features
Most solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor light using a
light source. Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout the night. Many can
stay lit for more than just one night not if sun in not available for a couple of days.
Older models included lamps that were not florescent or LED. Solar lights installed in
windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels to better cope with the winds.
Latest designs use wireless technology and fuzzy control theory for battery
management. The street lights using this technology can operate as a network with
each light having the capability of performing on or off the network.
Types
Standalone solar street lights have photovoltaic panels mounted on the structure.
Each street light has its own photovoltaic panels and is independent of the other
lamps.
In this type, the photovoltaic panels for a group of street lights are mounted
separately. All the street lights in a particular group are connected to this central
power source.
Advantages
Solar street lights are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the operation
costs are minimized.
Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to conventional
street lights.
Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized.
Number of Solar
Sl.No. Location street light
required
9 Nigam Bhavan 15
10 Nagar Crematorium 20
11 Bridge AG office 50
12 Bridge padav 25
13 Bridge Hazira 50
14 Bridge Chandpura 25
Total 520
ii. Recommendations
It is recommended to install Solar Led street lights in the 14 locations to save energy
and also to provide light during the frequent power outages occurring in Gwalior.
These street lights combine high- performance LEDs along with high-efficiency
electronics to deliver more light lumens to customers at lesser cost. Designed with
battery back-up of 36 hours, our LED Solar Street Lights are highly reliable and can be
used across the country under various climatic conditions.
Some of the key features of our LED Solar Street Lights are as below –
• Aluminum housing
• LEDs for light source
• Optics
• High efficiency driver & MPPT charge controller
• Polycrystalline solar cells
• Strong and safe
• Excellent heat dissipation IP65 protection
• High brightness and high efficacy
• Individual peanut optical lenses for uniform light distribution
• Low power consumption
• Mature technology, Improving Efficiency
• More Rugged
• Ease of availability
• Low discharge rate
• Ideal for Tropical conditions
• Low Maintenance & Long Life
• Long Life
• Back-up Ideal for cloudy conditions
• Rigid and safe
• Corrosion free
• Tubular construction
• 75% Depth of Discharge
• 1.5 days autonomy
• Octagonal Galvanized Pole
Integrated approach for system design extracting best performance from each part –
All the components are optimized for Optimum thermal management and maximum
energy efficiency with lowest heat sink design cost
Microprocessor based charge controller (MPPT) and LED driver maximizes the
performance of panel & battery
Luminaire
Light Output (after accounting driver loss & charge controller loss)
: 1800 lumen
Driver Life
Luminaire Arm
Charge Controller
Efficiency :94%
No load current :Less than 10 mA
Enclosure :IP65
Solar Panel :Multi crystalline silicon
Solar cells
Voltage :12V
Solar cell efficiency :Min 14%
Solar panel efficiency :12%
Container :Ip 65
Pole
12.3.5
national parks, tourist and religious places, zoological parks, Science Museums,
Secretariats, Collectorates etc. to illuminate these places to
supplement the energy requirement through clean and green energy. The
demonstration of Renewable Energy Systems at places of National and Inter national
Importance will be taken up in four categories, depending upon the importance
/popularity of the site. The details are given below:
( a )Category I :
Rajghat, Rashtrapati Bhawan, Presidential Retreat Building at Mashobara, Shimla
and Rastrapati Nilayam, Bolarum, Hyderabad, Parliament premises, Raj Bhawans,
and “World Heritage Sites”
Raj Ghat, Rashtrapati Bhawan, Presidential Retreat Building, Mashobara, Shimla and
Rashtrapati Nilayam, Bolarum, Hyderabad, Raj Bhawans and Parliament premises are
not only places of nation’s pride but attract large number of Indian as well as foreign
visitors round the year.
In addition, 27 monuments/locations in the country have been inscribed as world
heritage sites .Renewable energy systems and devices will be demonstrated at these
places so as to illuminate these monuments/locations as also to supplement the
energy requirement by way of providing green and clean energy as per the
requirement of individual locations. Mainly Solar Power Plant will be used to meet
the energy requirement. The amount of battery back up, however, will depend upon
the type of load which will be assessed at the time of preparation of the DPR.
Central Financial assistance up to Rs. 100 lakhs per site will be provided for meeting
full cost of procurement and installation of systems and devices, Annual
Maintenance(AMC) charges for five years, agency charges and for DPR preparation.
The support will be as per the DPR prepared for each location for which support of up
to Rs. One lakh will be supported by the Ministry(inclusive in the support).
( b )Category II :
i) Places of tourists and religious interest and of national importance
There are number of places of tourist’s interest in the country which are frequented
by large number of tourists (with at least five lakhs and above visitors per year/site)*.
In addition, there are number of religious places of national importance of various
religions in the country frequented by large number of pilgrims. The list of these
locations is given at Annexure VI. In addition to the above sites, the State Assembly
premises will also be covered.
Renewable energy systems and devices will be demonstrated at these places so as to
illuminate these locations/monuments as also to supplement the energy
requirement by way of providing green and clean energy as per the requirement of
individual locations. Mainly Solar Power Plant will be used to meet the energy
requirement. The amount of battery back up, however, will depend upon the type of
load which will be assessed at the time of preparation of the DPR.
Central Financial assistance up to Rs. 50 lakhs per site will be provided for meeting
full cost of procurement and installation of systems and devices, Annual
Maintenance(AMC) charges for five years and agency charges. The support will be as
per the DPR prepared for each location.
Under the SADP project , it is proposed to implement solar lighting and power pack
projects at the following sites of national importance in Gwalior.
Table 58: Proposed sites for solar lightings and power pack projects
Street Lighting Segment in Gwalior: A detailed energy audit of the street lighting
segment in the town of Gwalior was carried out jointly by engineers from Elpro
Energy Dimension Pvt Ltd and the Municipality. It was found that there are in total
190 switching points in Gwalior. A system mapping was done for the complete city
street lighting. The study involved the collection of Primary Data at the Field level and
Secondary data through the Municipal Office and EB Office.
Observations: Each of the 190 points had a mix of fittings connected to them. Various
types of fittings like HPSV lamps with different capacities, Metal Halide Lamps with
different capacities and FTL were observed. A summary of the inventory of the
fittings is brought out in the table below
The total connected load of street lights is 3249 KW. The average connected
load in each switching points is thus around 17.1 KW.
It was observed that most of the panels are having manual control where as
only a few switch points are controlled automatically using timers. The overall
average illumination is around 15 lux. The per capita consumption of electricity in
street lighting alone amounts to 14.79 kwh per head per annum.
The Energy Bills claimed by the utility providers in Gwalior from the
Municipality is an average of Rs.40.44 Lakhs per month.
Based on the data for street lighting it is evident that the municipality will be
interested in reducing their existing energy bills. Considerable work has to be done in
regularizing the points which are not being metered. However financial analysis has
been brought out considering the connected load only
Three major Energy Conservation Measures have been identified for the
Street Lighting system. The Energy Conservation Measures that have been identified
are:
The project indicates that the Municipality can save 39% of power in Street Lighting
(50,63,000kWh / y)
The total investment is about Rs. 371.25 Lakhs towards cost of energy saving
proposals.
The implementation of all these 3 Energy Saving proposals would call for a
one-time investment of Rs 371.25 Lakhs that is expected to save around Rs. 188.32
Lakhs / year on a recurring basis. This is equivalent to 39% of the base Energy Cost
Ltd. In addition 4050 Tons of CO2 gases, which would otherwise have been released
to the atmosphere causing global warming, have been abated. The CO2 abatement is
also on a recurring basis every year. The Simple Payback Period has been estimated
as 24 months.
12.4.2
Data Measurements have been taken for 170 pumps. Data also has been
collected for 10 nos of ELRs.The connected load of the above 170 pumps works out
to 1524 kW the efficiency of the pumps is around 39% and of the motors around
81%.
The Energy consumption of all the 170 pumps has been recorded and is
around 6.10 lakhs kWhrs/month and the energy bill being Rs. 18.3 lakhs/month.
Further it has been observed that the average age of these pumps is about 12.5 years
and most of the motors have been rewound at least 2 times.
i. Energy efficiency
It is recommended to replace all the existing pumps / motors by energy
efficient pumps / motors which will save around 15 – 20% of the present energy
consumption with a savings of Rs.43.92 lakhs per year and an investment on
equipment of Rs.85 lakhs.
iv. Summary
The energy conservation and optimization through simple measure mentioned above
can reduce the amount to energy consumption. The awareness of these aspects is
highly recommended.
The main benefit for the ULB is considerable reduction in the energy bill as well as in
the maintenance and repairs expenditure. Thus the amount saved can be utilized for
other developmental projects.
In addition to the above financial benefit the concerned ULB will be free from the
routine maintenance and repair activities since this area will be taken care by the
ESCO Contractor wherever ESCO performance contracting is considered.
The savings are confirmed and backed up by energy performance contract with the
ESCO are any other firm.
The financial risk lies with the ESCO and the savings are shared between the ESCO
and the ULB for a negotiated period of time.
The ESCO takes on the risk of third party financing from a lender, putting the loan on
the ESCOs balanced sheet.
The savings are shared between the ULB and ESCO with the contract stipulating that
the ULB will receive a certain percentage of the savings, but it does not guarantee the
magnitude of the savings.
In this scenario, the ESCO is still carrying the cost of the project but without the
additional cost of the guarantee. Therefore the ULB is not carrying any risk, but then
it is also not assured of any savings, although in practice such as outcome is unlikely.
The most likely outcome from a shared savings performance contract is that the ULB
will accrue significantly greater financial rewards from the project than if a
guaranteed savings contract had been used.
2. Guaranteed Savings.
The financial risk lies with the ULB but the ESCO guarantees a certain percentage of
savings.
The ULB takes on the third party financing from a lender, putting the loan on the
ULBs balance sheet.
The ESCO guarantees that savings will be sufficient to cover the investment
cost, and if they are not the ESCO pays the difference between the realized savings
and project payments. The excess savings can be shared between the ULB and ESCO.
In this scenario the ULB takes on no risk even though they have the financing
because the guarantee covers the financing cost, a known and quantifiable amount.
However, guarantees add more risk on to the ESCO and more risk always trickles
through as added cost to the project in the form of a higher percentage of the
savings being taken by the ESCO.
There can also be numerous variations and combinations of this two main
types. The essence of a performance contract common all types is that the contract
written so that the investment cost are paid from the savings.
India is one of the countries most involved in developing the use of renewable
energies and is trying to make the opportunity for investors more attractive than
costly.
To promote renewable energy technologies in the country, the government has put
in place some subsidies & fiscal incentives. The Indian Renewable Energy
Development Agency has been set up under Ministry for Non-Conventional Energy
Sources and is a specialized financing agency to promote and finance renewable
energy projects. Following is a short list of new measures:
• Accelerated depreciation
• Capital/Interest subsidy
• 100 percent income tax exemption for any continuous block of power for 10
years in the first 15 years of operations providers of finance to such projects
are exempt from tax on any income by way of dividends, interest or long-term
capital gains from investment made in such projects on or after June 1, 1998
by way of shares or long-term finance.
Ministry for Non-Conventional Energy Sources mix of fiscal and financial benefits:
• 2/3rd of the SPV project cost subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.00 crore per 100
KW for procurement of modules, structures, power conditioning units, cabling
etc. to the implementing agency. The balance cost on land, extension of grid
lines, transformers, civil works, foundation and erection and commissioning,
etc. is met by the implementing agency.
• Up to Rs.1.0 lakh for the preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) for the
grid interactive SPV power projects.
• 2.5 percent of its share of project cost, subject to a maximum of Rs.5 lakhs for
performance evaluation, monitoring, report writing, etc. to the State Nodal
Agency.
Considering the vast potential of energy savings and benefits of energy efficiency, the
Government of India enacted the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The Act provides
for the legal framework, institutional arrangement and a regulatory mechanism at
the Central and State level to embark upon energy efficiency drive in the country.
In the clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 57 read with sub-section (4) of section
16 of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 (No. 52 to 2001), the State Government, has
to provide a fund known as the energy conservation fund. The State government of
Madhya Pradesh exercised this power and has laid down rules known as the Madhya
Pradesh State Energy Conservation Fund Rules 2010.
2. The party may set up the unit either by itself or as a joint venture with M.P. Urja
Vikas Nigam Ltd.
3. Under this scheme the capacity of Small-mini micro Hydel projects shall be limited
up to 3 MW. For projects based on other Non conventional Energy Sources, any
power project having a capacity of 50 kW (minimum) and above shall be eligible. The
party may use the power generated themselves at the point of generation or at any
other place or sell it to the MPEB (the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board) or to a
third party, provided such a third party is a H.T. (High Tension) consumer of the M. P.
Electricity Board (MPEB).
4. For wheeling of power from the point of generation to any other place for the
party’s own use or for selling it to third party wheeling through MPEB’S
transmission/distribution system will be allowed on payment of 2% wheeling
charges. The state government will separately compensate MPEB towards line losses
etc. at the rate of 4% of the power wheeled. The wheeling charges will be 2%
irrespective of the distance to which the power is wheeled.
6. Electricity generated from Non Conventional Energy and sold either to the MPEB,
or to a third party, or consumed by the party itself will be exempted from payment of
electricity duty 5 years.
7. Any industrial unit which is a consumer of MPEB and which establishes a power
generating unit from Non Conventional Energy Sources for its own use will be given
exemption from the demand cut to the extent of 30% of the installed capacity of the
Non Conventional Energy unit.
8. Metering equipment for the sale of power will be provided by the party at its cost
at points decided by MPEB. The meters will be duly approved and tested by MPEB.
10. Government land (GO MP revenue dept. circular of 16-3/ 93/ seven/2a, Bhopal ,
dated 25.10.97) if available, will be made available to the party , subject to renewal.
For the first five years the land will be given on a token premium / rental of rupee
one per annum and thereafter the premium and the annual rent will be decided on
terms and conditions prescribed by the government from time to time. The premium
and the lease rent after the expiry of the five years will be decided based on the
market rate of land in sixth year. For Wind Energy Projects the open land required for
free flow of wind (other than the land required for the project) will be provided free
of cost on the basis of the proposal from energy department This open land will
remain in the possession of the Energy Department.
12. Power generating units based on Non Conventional Energy Sources will be
treated like industry and all the concessions applicable to new industrial units will be
applicable to these power-generating units also.
(c) Promoting efficient & cost-effective solar installations by providing fiscal and non-
fiscal incentives
(e) Harnessing solar energy by developing local capabilities and enhancing public
awareness
Applicability
To all solar energy based power project developers (Solar PV/Solar thermal) and
manufacturing units of equipment and ancillaries related to solar power projects.
Nodal Agency
The Madhya Pradesh Urja Vikas Nigam (MPUVN) Limited shall be the nodal agency
for implementation of the Madhya Pradesh Solar Power Policy – 2010
Only new plant & machinery shall be eligible for installation under this policy.
All generating units, including captive units also, are entitled for exemption of
Electricity Duty and Cess the date of commissioning of the project, provided the unit
generates at-least 70% of the power generation declared in the Detailed Project
Report (DPR). For generation less than 70% power, the documents establishing that
reasons were beyond the control of the unit have to be provided for satisfaction of
the State Government / M.P Urja Vikas Nigam, after examination of the same M.P.
Government can allow exemption in the matter.
MPUVN shall identify suitable Government revenue land in the State and create and
develop a land bank. Land use permission be given to the project developers as per
procedure. However, the developer may identify any other site as potential site,
within the State of Madhya Pradesh for installation of solar project.
Solar energy equipments and other items related to the equipments will be
exempted from Entry Tax. This shall also be applicable for Rooftop PV/Small Power
Generators of capacity less than 1 MW connected to grid and Off-grid applications.
This Policy shall come into effect from the date of issuance and shall remain effective
until further orders.
Government of MP has decided to give the following incentives for power generation
through Non-conventional Energy Sources.
• Minimum capacity for stand-alone solar photovoltaic unit shall be 5 KW. The
maximum.
• The sale of power from one company to its sister concern shall be deemed as
captive user of power.
• Unit will have to commence and commission the project in the prescribed
time limit.
Purchase Rate: The rate of power generated by non-conventional energy sources will
be decided by MPERC, The power purchase rate for the power generated from wind
energy are applicable as per MPERC order issued on dated 11.6.2004 and 1.3.2006 as
follows:
Green Energy Fund: A green energy fund has created through cess collected from
power consumers.
Open Access: NRSE Power projects shall be exempted from open access charges.
Land Allotment
(a) For 30 years or for the project life the land use permission @ Rs1/-(token)
premium per year will be given,
(b) Private land will be acquired by the Government and made available to the party
at acquisition cost.
• The guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest Gov of India &
State Govt, would be applicable for forest land. Application for survey of the forest
land shall be submitted to the concerned regional Conservator of Forest (CF) through
M. P. Urja Vikas Nigam.
Under Income Tax Rules following concessions are available to the non-conventional
energy sector:
• Section 32
• Section 80 IA
Industrial undertakings set up in any part of India for the generation or generation
and distribution of power at any time during the period beginning on the 1st day of
April, 1993 and ending on the 31s' day of March 2003. A hundred per cent deduction
is allowable from profits and gains for first five years and thereafter 30 per cent of
the profits and gains. This benefit can be availed for any 10 consecutive assessment
years failing within a period of 15 assessment years beginning with the assessment
year in which that industrial undertaking begins generation or generation and
distribution of power. The budget for 2001-2002 has proposed a 10-year tax holiday
for the core sectors of infrastructure, including solid waste management systems.
This may be availed during the initial 20 years. Further, the Budget has also proposed
a 10-year tax holiday for the generation and distribution of power, to be availed
during the initial 15 years.
• Section 115 J
Exemption from MAT to industrial undertakings on profits derived from the business
of generation and distribution of electricity.
• Section 80JJA
100% deduction in respect of profit and gains from business of collecting and
processing biodegradable wastes.
• Section 10 (23G)
• Solar Lantern
• Solar Generators
4 Moratorium 1 Year
Solar Home Systems All Categories of individual beneficiaries & non profit
Institutions / Organizations. No individual would be given more
than one system.
Minimum loan for a project should be of Rs. Rs. 5 Lakhs for Direct User and Rs. 10
Lakhs for Intermediaries.
13.8 IREDA financing for energy efficiency and conservation measures (DSM)
IREDA finances the end user energy efficiency retrofit projects, DSM Projects taken
up by utilities, projects promoted by Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) and power
plants based on recovery of energy from exhaust gasses. IREDA also extend line of
credits to financial intermediaries to onlend/ lease the energy saving equipment.
The Ministry has notified a Scheme on Biomass Energy and Co-Generation (non-
bagasse) in Industry with the following objectives:
The scheme has a provision for providing Central Financial Assistance for
encouraging setting up Biomass Gasifiers and Biomass Co-generation (non-bagasse)
projects in the industries for meeting their thermal and electricity requirements.
EEDPL/GMC/Solar city/2011 Page 294
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
Objectives
Implementation Arrangements
The Government has recently launched the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission,
which is a major initiative of the Government of India and State Governments to
promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India's energy security
challenge. It will also constitute a major contribution by India to the global effort to
meet the challenges of climate change. The immediate aim of the Mission is to focus
on setting up an enabling environment for solar technology penetration in the
country both at a centralized and decentralized level. The first phase (up to March
2013) will, inter alia, focus on promoting off-grid systems including hybrid systems to
meet / supplement power, heating and cooling energy requirements. These systems
still require interventions to bring down costs but the key challenge is to provide an
enabling framework and support for entrepreneurs to develop markets. In order to
Objectives:
• To promote off-grid applications of solar energy (both SPV and Solar Thermal)
for meeting the targets set in the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission for
Phase-I.
Funding Pattern
Funding under the scheme would be in Project mode, i.e. there must be a project
report which would, inter alia, include client details, technical & financial details,
O&M and monitoring arrangements. The total project cost shall be funded through a
mix of debt and incentives where the promoters' equity contribution would be at
least 20%. Techno-economic specifications for a minimum cut-off level for the
requirement of the project mode would be specified by MNRE.
For the year 2010-11, the benchmark price for photovoltaic systems with battery
back-up support is considered as Rs.300/- per Wp. In case of the systems, which do
not use storage battery such as water pumping systems, the installed PV system cost
is considered as a maximum of Rs.210 per Wp.
Capital subsidy of 90% of the benchmark cost, would be available for special category
states, viz. NE, Sikkim, J&K, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. In addition, it would
be extended for setting up only stand alone rural solar power plants / packs (both PV
and thermal projects) in remote and difficult areas such as Lakshadweep, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, and districts on India's international borders. However, for funding
solar thermal systems in these areas, the subsidy would be limited to 60% for all
categories of beneficiaries. The subsidy pattern detailed above can be accessed by
only Central and State Government Ministries, Departments and their organizations,
State Nodal Agencies and Local bodies.
There would be a provision for channel partners, operating in the market mode to
access a combination of capital subsidy and a low cost interest for the end consumer,
provided they can tie up with a lending institution. These lending institutions could
then enter into an agreement for refinance/ interest subvention with IREDA. MNRE
would provide IREDA fund handling charges at the rate of 2% for the capital
subsidy/interest subvention portion.
Funds received by IREDA from MNRE without cost may be made available by it for
PAC approved projects directly at interest rate not exceeding 5% p.a as also by way of
refinance to the primary lending institutions at a rate of interest not exceeding 2%
p.a, subject to the condition that the rate of interest charged by the lending
institution to the borrower in respect of the loan does not exceed 5% p.a.
The Interest Subsidy under the Scheme would be made available to Non- Banking
Financial Companies (NBFCs) and Scheduled Commercial Banks (excluding Regional
Rural Banks) by way of refinance from IREDA.
IREDA would also make available funds received from MNRE under this Scheme, to
NABARD, NHB, SIDBI and any other institution as may be specified by the MNRE in
this behalf, for providing refinance on the same terms, to Regional Rural Banks,
Housing Finance Companies, or any other primary lending institutions included by
them, in their respective refinance schemes. MNRE would provide a service charge of
0.5% to IREDA for this.
• RE Voucher/Stamp
An instrument which lightens the burden of financing the initial project cost to
enable financial closure of viable business proposition.
• Interest Subsidy
An instrument aimed at neutralizing the high cost of capital given after due diligence
of credit appraisal by FIs, NBFC, Micro finance institutions.
Financial support provided mostly in the form of initial grant in one or more
installments to finance the project cost so as to create a viable business model. PPP
Scheme of Ministry of Finance has this arrangement for physical infrastructure
projects. It is supplemented by similar arrangement at the state level.
A form of low interest bearing long-term redeemable security, which could be issued
by IREDA/ MNRE for Renewable Energy Projects. Analogy: Infrastructure Bond/Gold
Bonds.
Refinance scheme for promotion of solar off-grid (photovoltaic & thermal) &
decentralized applications
The Solar Off-Grid Refinance Scheme would be applicable to all parts of India and
would, to begin with, be co-terminus with Phase-I (up to 2013) of the Jawaharlal
Nehru National Solar Mission.
The manner of providing assistance in terms of the Solar Off-Grid Refinance Scheme
is as under:
Refinance
In terms of the Solar Off-Grid Refinance Scheme, IREDA would provide refinance in
respect of projects approved by the Project Approval Committee (PAC) of the MNRE,
to eligible institutions at a rate of interest not exceeding two per cent per annum,
subject to the condition that the rate of interest charged by the lending institution to
the borrower in respect of the loan does not exceed five per cent per annum.
Bulk Funds
IREDA would make available bulk funds received from MNRE, to the National Bank
for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD), National Housing Bank (NHB), Small
Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) and any other institution as may be
specified by the MNRE in this behalf, to enable them to provide refinance in terms of
their own respective refinance schemes on the same terms as at paragraph 4.1
above, to Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Housing Finance Companies (HFCs), or other
primary lending institutions financed by them.
Interest Subvention
The respective refinancing institution / primary lending institution may, at its option,
choose to avail Interest Subvention instead of refinance. The mechanism for availing
Interest Subvention instead of refinance is indicated in subsequent paragraphs.
Capital Subsidy
IREDA would make available credit linked Capital Subsidy in respect of the projects
covered under the above Refinance / Interest Subvention / Bulk Finance mechanism,
through the above financial institutions, for being made available to the respective
borrowers on successful implementation of the projects.
Eligibility conditions for refinance from IREDA under the Scheme are as under:
• The Capital Adequacy Ratio should be as per the norms prescribed by the
Reserve Bank of India.
• The primary lending institution should be profit making for the last three
years and should have no accumulated losses.
Scale of refinance
Refinance from IREDA under the Scheme will be available to the extent of 100 per
cent of the eligible loans
Rate of Interest
Refinance from IREDA will be made available at a fixed rate of interest, presently not
exceeding two per cent per annum, subject to the condition that the rate of interest
charged by the lending institution to the borrower in respect of the corresponding
loan does not exceed five per cent per annum.
Term of Refinance
Apart from the funding opportunities by the Government of India and Madhya
Pradesh. Gwalior can also get finding from Multilateral financial institutions. The
various Multilateral Institutions that could be considered are
• World Bank The World Bank’s Investment Framework for Clean Energy and
Development
14.0 Advancing the implementation of the Solar City Master Plan for Gwalior-
Action Plan
1. Develop an act ion plan with key stakeholder’s and Utilities Action
• Develop and implement an engagement strategy to learn from local
stakeholders about implementing the solar city action plan in Gwalior
(utilities, chamber of commerce, Industrial associations, large scale retailers,
resident associations, etc.)
• Divide between corporate versus community initiatives.
• Use the Energy Advisory Committee to move forward Renewable energy and
energy efficiency actions with reference to the Master Plan of solar city
development for Gwalior city.
2. Continue To Improve Local Energy Information for Gwalior Action
• Confirm demand side management (DSM)and conservation demand
management (CDM)programs to be delivered in Gwalior by local utilities
• Adopt indicators to measure the progress of actions for meeting energy and
GHGs
• Work with local agencies to resolve potential areas identified during solar city
master plan preparation exercise.
3. Invest in the Resources and Knowledge to Advance Energy Efficiency Action
and implement renewable energy projects
• Gwalior Municipal Corporation should work with local Electrical utility to
evaluate if electric infrastructure can support potential future demand.
• Undertake pre-feasibility analysis for areas where high energy demand
identified
Pilot -1
Setting a Power System based on solar will not only help to additional power
requirement but serve the salient features
• A clean. Silent and eco- friendly source of power
• Negligible maintenance as there are no moving parts
• Long life spam of solar modules
• Simple installation: Can be mounted on the roof to of ground.
• Can be installed at point of use to avoid the transmission losses.
Objective of this project
Objectives of the project are
6. To implement a 5 Mw Rooftop PV & Small Solar Power Generation
Programme(RPSSGP) in Gwalior City
7. To use the most effective and environmental friendly power saving method.
8. Shift portion of day time lighting load to Solar Power.
The waste production rate of the Gwalior is estimated to be 735 tones per day from
waste stream, primary households, business and commercial waste, collectively
termed as Municipal Solid Waste, MSW. A huge potential of the power generation
from this waste is estimated to be 110250 MW per year. If it will be utilized fully then
it can meet up to 33 % of annual energy required. Net calorific value off the MSW is
11508 Kcal/kg.the composition of the solid waste is as follow:
Total CDM benefit = 9542960 lakh Rs / year
Cost estimates
Table 51 : Cost estimates of MSW to energy
Municipal waste water treatment plant treat the waste water of whole city and
produce water at accepted level of contaminant and sludge which is further treated
for dispose.
It is suggested to go for the anaerobic digestion of the sludge generated and
produce electricity from the biogas produced. According to the sample of the
sewage, around 3480 M3/Day will be generated by which 4593600 kW electricity can
be generated. The anaerobic digestion of sludge is proposed for electricity generation
by fuel cell technology. Produced power can be utilize in house and surplus amount
can be fed in to grid.
i.Technology
Pilot-4
Technology
Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic
panels generally mounted on the lighting structure. The photovoltaic panels charge a
rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp during the night.
Features
Most solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor light using a
light source. Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout the night. Many can
stay lit for more than just one night not if sun in not available for a couple of days.
Older models included lamps that were not florescent or LED. Solar lights installed in
windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels to better cope with the winds.
Number of Solar
Sl.No. Location street light
required
9 Nigam Bhavan 15
10 Nagar Crematorium 20
11 Bridge AG office 50
12 Bridge padav 25
13 Bridge Hazira 50
14 Bridge Chandpura 25
Total 520
v. Recommendations
It is recommended to install Solar Led street lights in the 14 locations to save energy
and also to provide light during the frequent power outages occurring in Gwalior.
Pilot-5
Pilot-6
Street Lighting Segment in Gwalior: A detailed energy audit of the street lighting
segment in the town of Gwalior was carried out jointly by engineers from Elpro
Energy Dimension Pvt Ltd and the Municipality. It was found that there are in total
190 switching points in Gwalior. A system mapping was done for the complete city
street lighting. The study involved the collection of Primary Data at the Field level and
Secondary data through the Municipal Office and EB Office.
The total connected load of street lights is 3249 KW. The average connected
load in each switching points is thus around 17.1 KW.
It was observed that most of the panels are having manual control where as
only a few switch points are controlled automatically using timers. The overall
average illumination is around 15 lux. The per capita consumption of electricity in
street lighting alone amounts to 14.79 kwh per head per annum.
Cost estimates
The project indicates that the Municipality can save 39% of power in Street Lighting
(50,63,000kWh / y)
The total investment is about Rs. 371.25 Lakhs towards cost of energy saving
proposals.
The implementation of all these 3 Energy Saving proposals would call for a
one-time investment of Rs 371.25 Lakhs that is expected to save around Rs. 188.32
Lakhs / year on a recurring basis. The Simple Payback Period has been estimated as
24 months.
16 Year Wise goals-Renewable Energy
Investment
No Project Details
(Rs. Lakhs) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
1 RESIDENTIAL SOLAR WATER HEATERS 1050
ROOFTOP PV & SMALLSOLAR POWER
2 10500
GENERATION PROGRAMME(RPSSGP)
3 SOLAR COOKER - BOX AND PARABOLA* 200
PASSIVE BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND
4
GREEN BUILDINGS
COMMERCIAL & INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR WATER
5 93.6
HEATERS IN HOTELS
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR WATER
6 106
HEATERS IN HOSPITALS
250 KWP SOLAR PV AND 30,000 LPD
SOLAR WATER HEATER AT BORDER
7 717
SECURITY FORCE(BSF) ACADEMY
GWALIOR
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
IMPLEMENTATION OF PILOT BIOGAS
8 375
PLANT IN TANNING INDUSTRY
USE OF SOLAR PRE HEATED WATER FOR
9 TBA
BOILERS
10 USE OF SOLAR PV LED STREET LIGHTING 250
11 USE OF PARABOLIC STEAM GENERATORS TBA
IMPLEMENTATION OF BIOMASS
12 COGENERATION IN COLD STORAGES FOR TBA
PRODUCING POWER AND CHILLING
MUNICIPAL SECTOR
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) TO
13 7160
ENERGY
14 SEWAGE TO ENERGY 2185
15 SOLAR PV POWER GENERATING SYSTEM 8450
16 SOLAR STREET LIGHTING 260
SPECIAL AREA DEMONSTRATION
17
PROJECTS
GWALIOR FORT 55
LAKSHMI BAI STATUE 5
ITALIAN GARDEN 40
SCINDIA SCHOOL 25
Municipal Sector Sub Total 18180
Total 31472
Year wise Goals - Energy Efficiency
Investment
No Project Details (Rs. In
Lakhs) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
USE OF CFL-BACHAT LAMP
1 1.5
YOJANA
IMPLEMENTATION OF T-5 INLINE
2 93.5
BALLAST
IMPLEMENTATION OF 5-STAR
3 500
RATED AIR CONDITIONERS
IMPLEMENTATION OF DUCTED
4 1000
AIR COOLERS
ENERGY STAR RATED
5 2000
REFRIGERATORS
DEVELOPMENT OF A ZERO
6 1000
ENERGY HOME/OFFICE
ESTABLISHMENT OF ENERGY
7 CENTRE FOR SERVICE AND 135
DEMONSTRATION
Awareness Campaign 58
COMMERCIAL & INSTITUTIONAL
SECTOR
IMPLEMENTATION OF T-5 INLINE
8 BALLAST IN COMMERCIAL 93.5
BUILDINGS
IMPLEMENTATION OF CFLs IN
9 PLACE OF ICLS IN COMMERCIAL 10
BUIDINGS
IMPLEMENTATION OF 5-STAR
10 RATED AIR CONDITIONERS IN 500
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
SOLAR HEAT-REFLECTING CLEAR
11 480
WINDOW FILMS
12 LED BULBS 900
UPVC WINDOWS COMMERCIAL
13 750
BUILDINGS
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AUDITS AND
14 IMPLEMENTATION* 2184.27
MUNICIPAL SECTOR
STREET LIGHTING ENERGY
15 371.25
CONSERVATION
Fuel Cells:
Fuel Cells are environmentally benign. Hydrogen is the primary fuel for fuel cells.
Other fuels can also be used to produce hydrogen gas with the aid of reformers.
Because of modular nature, fuel cells are ideally suited for de-centralized power
generation and for automotive application. Prototypes of polymer electrolyte
membrane or proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and phosphoric acid
fuel cells (PAFCs) have been developed in kW size in India. The applications of these
prototypes have been demonstrated for power generation (PEMFC & PAFC) and
transport sectors (PEMFC).A fuel cell-battery hybrid vehicles with indigenously
developed PEMFC stack of 10kW had undergone field performance evaluation.
Efforts made are expected to lead to the indigenous production and wider
applications of fuel cell systems in the country. This programme focuses on
development and demonstration of fuel cells, which produce electricity, water and
heat through reaction between hydrogen and oxygen/air. Hydrogen is the primary
fuel for fuel cells. Hydrogen for fuel cells can be produced by reformation of other
fuels. It can also be produced from coal and biomass and by electrolysis of water.
Renewable energy sources and nuclear energy can also be used for production of
hydrogen. Because of their modular nature, fuel cells are ideally suited for
distributed power generation. Small fuel cell power packs can be used for power
generation by industrial and residential users. Fuel Cells are emerging as power
sources for automobiles.
1. Development of Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell and Test Protocols (IIT Delhi).
2. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells that operate directly on hydrocarbon feedstock
(IIT Delhi).
3. Development of High performance intermediate temperature solid
oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) by low cost ceramic processing techniques
(IMMT, Bhubaneshwar).
4. Design and development of Alkaline fuel cell : Scaling up from bench
scale i.e. 185 W to 500W (SICES Degree College of Arts, Science and
Commerce, Ambernath (W), Mumbai).
Geothermal energy:
Geothermal energy can be used very effectively in both on- and off-grid
developments, and is especially useful in rural electrification schemes. Its use spans a
large range from power generation to direct heat uses, the latter possible using both
low temperature resources and “cascade” methods. Cascade methods utilise the hot
water remaining from higher temperature applications (e.g., electricity generation) in
successively lower temperature processes, which may include binary systems to
generate further power and direct heat uses (bathing and swimming; space heating,
including district heating; greenhouse and open ground heating; industrial process
heat; aquaculture pond and raceway heating; agricultural,drying,et).
Technology
Mile-or-more-deep wells can be drilled into underground reservoirs to tap steam
and very hot water that drive turbines that drive electricity generators. Four types of
power plants are operating today:
Flashed steam plant
The extremely hot water from drill holes when released from the deep reservoirs
high pressure steam (termed as flashed steam) is released. This force of steam is
used to rotate turbines. The steam gets condensed and is converted into water again,
which is returned to the reservoir. Flashed steam plants are widely distributed
throughout the world.
Dry steam plant
Usually geysers are the main source of dry steam. Those geothermal reservoirs which
mostly produce steam and little water are used in electricity production systems. As
steam from the reservoir shoots out, it is used to rotate a turbine, after sending the
steam through a rock-catcher. The rock-catcher protects the turbine from rocks
which come along with the steam.
Binary power plant
In this type of power plant, the geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger
where its heat is transferred to a secondary liquid, namely isobutene, iso-pentane or
ammonia–water mixture present in an adjacent, separate pipe. Due to this double-
liquid heat exchanger system, it is called a binary power plant. The secondary liquid
which is also called as working fluid, should have lower boiling point than water. It
turns into vapor on getting required heat from the hot water. The vapor from the
working fluid is used to rotate turbines. The binary system is therefore useful in
geothermal reservoirs which are relatively low in temperature gradient. Since the
system is a completely closed one, there is minimum chance of heat loss. Hot water
is immediately recycled back into the reservoir. The working fluid is also condensed
back to the liquid and used over and over again.
Hybrid power plant
Some geothermal fields produce boiling water as well as steam, which are also used
in power generation. In this system of power generation, the flashed and binary
systems are combined to make use of both steam and hot water. Efficiency of hybrid
power plants is however less than that of the dry steam plants.
Projects to be Implemented
The potential areas for implementing Geothermal plants.
There are no operational geothermal plants in India.
Thin film solar panels are commercially available for installation onto the roofs of
buildings, either applied onto the finished roof, or integrated into the roof covering.
The advantage over traditional PV panels is that they are very low in weight, are not
subject to wind lifting, and can be walked on (with care). The comparable
disadvantages are increased cost and reduced efficiency.
17 Conclusion
The development of Gwalior Counter Magnet Area has been announced by the
Madhya Pradesh Government. The plan to develop the Counter Magnet Area has
been conceived to reduce the congestion of the National Capital Region which has
been witnessing huge influx of migrant population, taxing, thereby, its drinking
water, electricity, transport and other basic infrastructural facilities.
The Solar Cities project provide a living model of how solar energy; energy efficiency
and responsive market signals can deliver economic and environmental benefits in an
integrated package. Notwithstanding these broader benefits, at its heart the projects
implemented will act as a learning experience for the central Government, State and
local governments; electricity market participants; businesses (including financial
institutions, energy service providers, and hardware suppliers and installers) and
consumers
• Consumers will better understand their energy use and be rewarded for
managing energy wisely.
Key Metrics
Total in
Energy Conservation Renewable Energy Lakh
Sector in Lakh Kwh in Lakhs Kwh Kwh
Upto Upto
upto 2013 Annually 2013 Annually 2013
Residential 387.16 193.58 1185.00 592.50 1572.16
Commercial 368.25 184.12 30.68 15.34 398.93
Industrial 397.14 198.57 16.02 8.01 413.16
Municipal 130.52 65.26 1264.08 632.04 1394.60
List of Annexures
Annexure-1
ALL Bulk HT consumers LT consumers Having Annual Demand on more than 10 lakhs
Annexure-2
Annexure-3
Annexure-4
Annexure-5
Annexure -6
Annexure-7
Annexure – 8
Annexure – 9
Solar PV specifications
Annexure-1
Bulk Supply
half yearly
Sanction/contact
Sl. demant in consumption
No. Category Purpose Name kW/HP/kVA during month
1 HV 6 Bulk Supply N.C.C. Women Trg. College 150 29440
2 HV 6 Bulk Supply G.E. (M.E.S.) Pintopark 200 69550
3 HV 6 Bulk Supply G.E. (MES)Bulk Supply 3600 1470800
4 HV 6 Bulk Supply B.E.C.I.L. 200 89958
5 HV 6 Bulk Supply ,L.N.I.P.E. 800 119660
Total 4950 1779408
Annexure-2
Cold Storage
half yearly
Sanction/contact
demant in consumption
Sl. No. Category Purpose Name kW/HP/kVA during month
Cold
1 HV-3.2 Storage Prakash cold storage 105 15650
Cold
2 HV-3.2 Storage Parikshit cold storage 110 17800
Cold
3 HV-3.2 Storage Agrasen cold storage 105 13480
Cold
4 HV-3.2 Storage RVS Cold Storage 146 27320
Cold Jai Mahakal Cold
5 HV-3.2 Storage Storage 125 17870
Cold Bansal Cold Storage,
6 HV-3.2 Storage Gwl 155 41735
Total 746 133855
Annexure-3
ALL Comm. And Industrial HT consumers LT consumers Having Annual
Demand more than 10 lakhs
half yearly
Sanction/contact consumption
Sl. demant in during
No. Category Purpose Name kW/HP/kVA month
1 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Station Engg.(HPTV) 136 43840
2 HV 3.2 Non-Ind G.E. (MES)D.R.D.E. 500 109833
Sr.. D.E.E. ,ResidencyTansen
3 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Road 200 47165
4 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Hotal Sheltor 250 46330
5 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Principal , Scindia School Fort 300 75770
6 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Director,(O&M) B.E.C.I.L 162 24170
7 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Commissioner Nagar Nigam 200 8140
Pratap Wahini S K S S
8 HV 3.2 Non-Ind (MPCT) 200 36420
9 HV 3.2 Non-Ind A.B.V. I.I.I.T.M. 700 235120
10 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Scindia Kanya Vidhyalaya 130 46520
11 HV 3.2 Non-Ind E.E. (P.H.E.) Department 400 140093
12 HV 3.2 Non-Ind M.I.T.S. 262 50050
Dy.Commissioner, Income
13 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Tex 200 16335
M.P. State Tourism (Motel
14 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Tansen) 140 34164
15 HV 3.2 Non-Ind ,S.B.I. 190 36597
16 HV 3.2 Non-Ind D.M. L.I.C. 122 27935
17 HV 3.2 Non-Ind S.B. Hotel 200 59958
18 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Hotel Land Mark 200 38840
Seeta Cooling (Hotel Seeta
19 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Manor) 125 16980
20 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Rajasthan Patrika 260 26769
21 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Kanha Shopping Mall 125 19615
22 HV 3.2 Non-Ind G.E. (MES) Airfield 3700 1405800
23 HV 3.2 Non-Ind The D.E.E. , IRCAM 125 22540
24 HV 3.2 Non-Ind I.I.T.T. 150 37950
25 HV 3.2 Non-Ind High Court 550 111300
26 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Bharti Telinet 200 83904
27 HV 3.2 Non-Ind G.M. Telicome 200 16660
G.E. (R&D) DRDE Navlakha
28 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Pared 2000 430440
Vivaswan Hotel (Central Park
29 HV 3.2 Non-Ind Hotel) 300 81740
Malls
half yearly
Sanction/contact
demant in consumption during
Sl. No. Category Purpose Name kW/HP/kVA month
Shopping- Fairy land Hotel &
1 HV 3.3 Mall Resorts 290 51939
2 HV 3.3 Mall Deendyal Mall 1800 364500
Total 2090 416439
Annexure-4
No.
of kVA Consu
cons Consu mption
Type of ume mptio during
Sl.No. Consumer r n month
165942
1 Industrial 96 53627 34
934108
2 Commercial 48 40628 4
3 Malls 2 2090 416439
4 Educational 4 840 124174
Cold
5 storage 6 746 133855
177940
6 Bulk suuply 6 4950 8
10288 283891
162 1 94
Annexure-5
G W A L I O R
1.1. Name of
Town
G W A L I O R
1991 2001
1 - 39.14
2 - 1.43
3 - 3.2
4 - 11.31
5 - 4.1
6 - 4.01
7 - 7.26
8 - 3.15
9 - 0.2
10 - 0.77
11 - 0.65
12 - 0.6
13 - 0.52
14 - 0.96
15 - 0.79
16 - 1.01
17 - 1.15
18 - 1.3
19 - 4.96
20 - 5.45
21 - 1.64
22 - 6.8
23 - 3.12
24 - 11.87
25 - 32.85
26 - 2.99
27 - 1.12
28 - 2.85
29 - 70.68
30 - 1.79
31 - 2.38
32 - 0.36
33 - 1.59
34 - 0.4
35 - 0.69
36 - 0.56
37 - 3.09
38 - 7.01
39 - 7.56
40 - 2.69
41 - 0.52
42 - 0.82
43 - 0.52
44 - 0.41
45 - 2.45
47 - 0.79
Sl.No Description Name Distance km.
48 - 2.86
i State Head Quarters BHOPAL 389
49 - 3.41
ii District Head Quarters GWALIOR 0
50 - 0.35
iii Tahsil/Taluk/Mandal Head
GWALIOR 0
51 Quarters
- 0.7
52 iv Nearest
- city (having 1 lakh
0.54and
MORENA 40
above population)
53 - 1.84
v Nearest Railway Station GWALIOR 0
54 - 11.47
vi Nearest Air port GWALIOR 0
55 - 1.76
vii Nearest Port NIL NIL
56 - 1.16
57 - 0.46
58 - 2.55
1.7 59 - 0.62
Nearness/Distance of
Major River/Canal from the Town
60 - 4.31
Town -
292.82
total
1 SINDH 52 MALANPUR 20
40
2 CHAMBAL 70 HARSI
No. of units
Sl. Type of
No Industries
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2008
1 Large - - - 2 2 1
2 Medium - - - 4 4 2
3 Small /
House Hold 4450 4550 4671 5292 5901 -
-- -- -- -- -
4 Hazardous --
Total
136.853 72303 8100 109.45
Town
6.2.1 Is there any scheme for recycling of waste water in the town.
Yes No
6.2.3 Is there any separate water supply line for non-drinking purposes such as industry, parks etc.
√
If yes, give area covered under the scheme Yes No
MANIKHEDA—
36 29 25
150 KM
10.1 Number of hospitals, dispensaries, etc., doctors, nurses, paramedical staff and total number
of beds available therein
Type of Hospital No. of Units No. of Beds No. of Doctors No. of Nurses No. of Paramedical Patients Treated
staff
Hospital Govt. Private Govt. Private Govt. Private Govt. Private Govt. Private Govt. Private
Homeopathi NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
c
Unani NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
Family
welfare &
1 1 NIL NIL 2 2 4 5 NIL NIL 678 792
maternity
center
Others NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
Dispensary
Ayurvedic 11 NIL NIL NIL 10 NIL 13 NIL NIL NIL 203650 NIL
Unani NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
Homeopathi 5 NIL NIL NIL 3 NIL 5 NIL NIL NIL 47812 NIL
c
Others NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL
Primary Health
124 NIL - - - 28716
Centres
10.1 Number of hospitals, dispensaries, etc., doctors, nurses, paramedical staff and total number
of beds available therein
20266 771
Senior Secondary 144 2880
Colleges
EEDPL/GMC/Solar city/2011 Page 345
General 31 775 7750 620
Medical 1 50 600 40
Master plan to develop Gwalior as Solar City
Engineering
Law
123 3690 36900 2468
Others
Vocational
-- -- -- --
Training
Adult Education
-- -- -- --
program
Others -- -- -- --
42 5 12
No. of Houses
Type of Houses
Pucca with RCC Roof 112000
and flooring
Kaccha 8500
Others 500
Total 182000
Annexure -6
Non domestic 4.80 5.04 5.29 5.56 5.83 6.13 6.43 6.75 7.09
schools,colleges,hostels
Commercial 5.70 5.99 6.28 6.60 6.93 7.27 7.64 8.02 8.42
Street lights 3.60 3.78 3.97 4.17 4.38 4.59 4.82 5.07 5.32
Water Pumps 3.50 3.68 3.86 4.05 4.25 4.47 4.69 4.92 5.17
Industrial 4.80 5.04 5.29 5.56 5.83 6.13 6.43 6.75 7.09
HV
Industrial 4.70 4.94 5.18 5.44 5.71 6.00 6.30 6.61 6.94
Commercial 5.10 5.36 5.62 5.90 6.20 6.51 6.83 7.18 7.54
Shopping Malls 5.10 5.36 5.62 5.90 6.20 6.51 6.83 7.18 7.54
Power Industries 3.80 3.99 4.19 4.40 4.62 4.85 5.09 5.35 5.61
Commercial 6.6
Industrial 5.6
Government
Utilities 4.2
Buildings 6.6
Annexure-7
Contents
1. PREAMBLE .............................................................................................................................................
2
2. TITLE ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE POLICY .....................................................................................................................
3
4. APPLICBILITY ......................................................................................................................................... 3
5. TARGETS ................................................................................................................................................ 3
6. NODAL AGENCY .................................................................................................................................... 3
7. ELIGIBLE SITES ....................................................................................................................................... 4
8. ELIGIBLE UNITS ......................................................................................................................................
4
9. FACILITIES & INCENTIVES .......................................................................................................................
4
10. LAND ALLOTMENT ................................................................................................................................
6
Identification of Land ..................................................................................................................................
6
Allotment of land ........................................................................................................................................
6
11.
IMPLEMENTATION................................................................................................................................8
12. REGISTRATION
FEE..........................................................................................................................8
13. MIGRATION OF APPLICATIONS UNDER 2006 - STATE POLICY TO MP SOLAR
POLICY 2010.......................................................................................................................................9
14. SECURITY DEPOSITE
......................................................................................................................9
15. MINIMUM EQUITY TO BE HOLD BY THE
PROMOTER..........................................................9
16. OTHER FACILITY............................................................................................................................9
17. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) BENEFITS
...................................................10
18. OTHER
INCENTIVES.....................................................................................................................11 2 Draft Solar
Energy policy government of Madhya Pradesh-2010
1. PREAMBLE
Energy is the prime mover of the development of any economy. While conventional fuels
viz coal and oil has been the primary sources for energy, their long term availability has
been an area of concern. Besides their increased usage has led to high concentrations of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere which is an increasingly important concern
with regard to global warming and resultant climate changes.
The current energy requirement of the state of Madhya Pradesh is heavily dependent on
the conventional energy sources. The Government of Madhya Pradesh acknowledges the
increasing issues related to climate change & global warming and has recognised the
urgent need to address these issues. The promotion of renewable energy is one of the
key measures taken by the Government of Madhya Pradesh in this direction. Today
renewable energy is increasingly becoming an integral part of energy security initiative in
the state of Madhya Pradesh.
The promotion of solar energy in Madhya Pradesh should be seen from a broader and
long term perspective. Today the cost of generation of solar energy is relatively high,
however harnessing the solar energy offers energy security & environmental benefits
and other benefits namely:
(c) Providing clean & reliable energy: Solar energy helps in meeting the energy
requirements of people in remote rural areas.
The state of Madhya Pradesh is endowed with high solar radiation with around 300 days
of clear sun. The state offers good sites having potential of more than 5.5 kWh/ sq.m. for
installation of solar based power projects. The Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP)
wants to incentivize the promotion of solar energy in the state.
The Policy endeavours to create an enabling environment to attract public & private
investments in generation and manufacturing of solar energy based plant & machinery.
The Madhya Pradesh Solar Energy Policy – 2010 aims to provide a comprehensive policy
for promotion of solar energy in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
2. TITLE
The Policy shall be known as the “Madhya Pradesh Solar Energy Policy -2010”
3. OBJECTIVE OF THE POLICY
The key objectives of the Madhya Pradesh Solar Energy Policy- 2010 are:
(a) accelerate the harnessing and development of solar energy in the state
(c) promoting efficient & cost-effective solar installations by providing fiscal and non-
fiscal incentives
(e) harnessing solar energy by developing local capabilities and enhancing public
awareness
4. APPLICBILITY
To all solar energy based power project developers (Solar PV/Solar thermal) and
manufacturing units of equipment and ancillaries related to solar power projects.
5. TARGETS
The Government of Madhya Pradesh targets a total capacity of 500 MW from solar
power generators for installation during the operative period of the policy.
A minimum capacity of a large grid connected Solar Power Generator (SPG), in case of
solar photovoltaic & solar thermal, shall be 1 MW each.
6. NODAL AGENCY
The Madhya Pradesh Urja Vikas Nigam (MPUVN) Limited shall be the nodal agency for
implementation of the Madhya Pradesh Solar Power Policy – 2010.
7. ELIGIBLE SITES
The solar power project may be set up at sites identified by Madhya Pradesh Urja Vikas
Nigam (MPUVN) and/ or any other sites identified as potential site, within the State of
Madhya Pradesh by the project developer.
8. ELIGIBLE UNITS
Any enterprise willing to establish power generation projects based on solar energy
(Solar PV/Solar thermal) in Madhya Pradesh shall be eligible for incentives under this
policy. Eligibility for availing benefits under this scheme shall be based on techno-
economical viability and available resources. Captive units will also be eligible to get
benefits under this policy as an investor/consumer.
9. FACILITIES & INCENTIVES
(a) Plant & Machinery
Only new plant & machinery shall be eligible for installation under this policy.
(b) Fossil fuel usage
The usage of fossil fuel (coal, gas, lignite, naptha, diesel, wood etc.) shall not be allowed
in the grid connected solar thermal power projects.
Hybrid systems shall be allowed as per the guidelines of the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE).
(c) Purchase Rate
The purchase rate of electricity generated by solar power generators will be as per the
orders of the Madhya Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (MPERC).
The power will be purchased by the distribution licensee in Madhya Pradesh or MP
Power Trading Company Limited based on quantity, rate and terms & conditions, as
decided by the MPERC from time to time. The quantity of power purchased from power
generated by the solar energy based power projects will be shown by the distribution
licensee in their annual tariff proposal for approval of MPERC. This will include details of
the power purchased in the previous year.
(d) Renewable Purchase Obligation
As per the MPERC (Cogeneration and Generation of Electricity from Renewable Sources
of Energy) Regulations 2008, the following Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) has
been specified:
Financial Wind Biomass Cogeneratio
Year n & other
sources
2010-11 6% 2% 2%
2011-12 6% 2% 2%
The purchase of electricity from solar projects will form part of the 2% RPO fixed for
Cogeneration & other sources. This will be subject to any amendments and further
Regulations provided by the MPERC from time to time. The MPERC may define separate
sub-limits for purchase of electricity from solar energy based power projects.
(e) Wheeling Charges
Facility of wheeling will be available to the solar power project through M.P. Power
Transmission Company, as per wheeling charges decided by the MPERC. For above
wheeling charges, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh will provide grant of 4% and the balance, if
any, shall be borne by the project developer.
(f) Open Access charges
Solar power projects will be exempted from open access charges. This will be subject to
any amendments and further Regulations provided by the MPERC from time to time.
(g) Third Party Sale
Third party sale will be eligible as per Electricity Act 2003 (No. 36 of 2003) and the orders
issued by the MPERC, from time to time, for which purchase rate can be mutually
decided between generating unit and consumer unit.
(h) Electricity duty
All generating units, including captive units also, are entitled for exemption of Electricity
Duty and Cess the date of commissioning of the project, provided the unit generates at-
least 70% of the power generation declared in the Detailed Project Report (DPR). For
generation less than 70% power, the documents establishing that reasons were beyond
the control of the unit have to be provided for satisfaction of the State Government /
M.P Urja Vikas Nigam, after examination of the same M.P. Government can allow
exemption in the matter.
(i) Demand Cut
Those Industrial units who are consumers of MPSEB/Successor Company, if they install
unit for generation from solar energy for captive use or purchase generated power from
solar energy as a third party, then such units shall be given facility to reduce their
contract demand equivalent to the 50% of the installed capacity of the solar power
generators & these units can utilize full power generated from solar energy.
(j) Metering
Metering equipments for the power generation & sale will be installed at site by unit at
their own cost as per specification of MPSEB/Successor Company. Testing of these
equipments will be carried out by MPSEB/Successor Company at Units cost.
Locations at which where more than one projects are installed, MPUVN will develop
common infrastructure (Power evacuation facility, Road, etc.) and make necessary
arrangements. For individual investor, facility for separate metering will be done as per
the consultation and cost of investor.
(k) Power Evacuation Facility
Power evacuation will be an integral part of the solar power project. All expenses for
power evacuation facility shall be borne by the project developer. Transmission,
distribution line and synchronizing equipment required for installation will be installed by
project developer as per technical details of MPSEB/Successor Company or it shall be
provided by MPSEB/Successor Company at the cost of solar power project developer.
Maintenance of the above line & equipments shall be done by MPSEB/Successor
Company at the cost of solar power project developer. All incidental/operational cost
towards power evacuation shall be borne by the project developer during the entire life
span of the project.
10. LAND ALLOTMENT
Identification of Land
MPUVN shall identify suitable Government revenue land in the State and creat and
devlop a land bank. Land use permission be given to the project developers as per
procedure. However, the developer may identify any other site as potential site, within
the State of Madhya Pradesh for installation of solar project.
Allotment of land
I. For cases where Government revenue land is available, the use of land permission @
Rs. 1/- (token) land premium per year will be given for 30 years or the project life
whichever is less. Revenue land will be allocated and transferred to the Non-
Conventional Energy Department (GoMP), which will give permission for “use of land”
for the project period.
II. For cases where Government land is not available, GoMP may acquire private land, as
per Land Acquisition Act & existing government policies, made available to be provided
to the project developer at the acquired cost. For this no service charges will be payable.
For use of land, the permission for diversion is not required. Only information regarding
use of land will have to be given to the concerned District Collector.
III. If the unit purchases private land for the project, then they will be eligible for an
exemption of 50% on stamp duty & if they do not install the project on this land, then
their exemption given will be withdrawn and recovery will be made as per notification of
no: 1208 dated 16th May 2008.
11. IMPLEMENTATION
(a) Approval of projects
Applications for installation of solar power projects in the specified formats with
specified fees shall be submitted to the M.D., MPUVN.
The complete transparency in allotment of the projects shall be ensured for evaluation of
the potential project developer. A comprehensive qualification criteria document shall
be designed for inviting proposals listing out technical and financial eligibility parameters
of the potential eligible project developers, which would be approved by the dept. of
NCE, GoMP.
On the basis of financial & technical parameters contained in the qualification criteria
document, proposal would be evaluated by a Project Evaluation Committee appointed
by the GoMP. The final approval for allotment of the project shall be given by
department of NCE, GoMP.
After getting the above mentioned approval for installation of the project from the
GoMP, the period for commissioning & other milestones/activity by the large grid
connected solar project shall be as under, then only they will get benefit under the
policy, failing which the approval granted for installation of the project will be cancelled.
S. No. Activity/Milestone Timeline for Solar Timeline for Solar
PV projects thermal projects
1 Signing of Power 3 months from the 3 months from the
Purchase date of Approval date of approval
Agreement (PPA)
2 Financial Closure of 6 months from the 6 months from the
the project date of signing of date of signing of
PPA PPA
3 Commissioning of 12 months from the 28 months from the
the Project date of signing of date of signing of
PPA PPA
If the project is delayed due to any unavoidable circumstances, the time period can be
extended by the GoMP, on the advice of MPUVN/MPSEB after examining the reasons for
the delay.
(b) Implementation of the Project
Focussing on business skills i.e., marketing, finance, accounting, billing and project
development targeting NGOs, Community Based organisations and entrepreneurs
Creating awareness and educating masses on the adoption of solar energy sources
Encourage the schools, polytechnics, colleges and universities in the state to include
importance of solar energy in the educational curricula
Annexure – 8
Load Variation of EHV Sub Station Under Testing Dn. I MPPTCL Gwalior
Name of Sub Station
Date Time 220 KV S/S 132 KV S/S 132 KV 132 KV
Mahalgaon Motijheel S/S S/S
Morar Tighra
Peak Load Peak Load Peak Peak
in MW in MW Load in Load in
MW MW
8.8.11 18:00 66 21 8.6 6
8.8.11 19:00 77 61 20.2 12
8.8.11 20:00 93 71 27 12
8.8.11 21:00 83 61 49 9
8.8.11 22:00 76.5 58 27.8 9
8.8.11 23:00 74.5 55 26.2 9
8.8.11 24.00 67.5 51 26.4 9
9.8.11 01:00 65.5 51 28 6
9.8.11 02:00 65.5 48 26.8 6
9.8.11 03:00 60.5 48 23.4 6
9.8.11 04:00 60 48 20.6 9
9.8.11 05:00 45 37 9
9.8.11 06:00 32.5 21 3.6 6
9.8.11 07:00 21 7 3.8 3
9.8.11 08:00 19 7 3.8 6
9.8.11 09:00 39.5 14.8 5 3
9.8.11 10:00 55.5 44 28.6 9
9.8.11 11:00 71 74 28 9
9.8.11 12:00 74 67 25.6 6
9.8.11 13:00 74.5 56 28.4 6
9.8.11 14:00 65 56 20 6
9.8.11 15:00 68.5 56 22.8 9
9.8.11 16:00 53.5 56 9.2 9
9.8.11 17:00 42 29 9.6 9
9.8.11 18:00 54 30 11 15
Annexure- 9
Solar PV Specifications
Juntion boxes:
Technical
Type PV Insulated, sheath & UV resistance
Material Copper
Voltage Max. 1100V
Test Voltage 650V/1.1KV
Temperature 10 – 70 °C
Colour Red/ Black / Green
Cables
Technical Specification –
Type PV Insulated, sheath & UV resistance
Material Copper
Voltage Max. 1100V
Test Voltage 650V/1.1KV
Temperature 10 – 70 °C
Colour Red/ Black / Green