Mathematics in the Modern World

1
Mathematical Language and Symbols

Module 3 Mathematical Language and Symbols

At the end of this module, you are expected t0:

1. Understand the language, symbols, and conventions of mathematics.
2. Apply the nature of mathematics as a language.
3. Perform operations on mathematical expressions correctly.

Speaking Mathematically
This module is to introduce you with a scientific state of mind that can serve you in a wide
assortment of circumstances. The nearer you get to an answer the more you have to
comprehend the need language that communicates scientific thoughts unmistakably,
definitely, and unambiguously. Likewise, this module will also introduce you with a
portion of the exceptional language that is establishment for much numerical idea, the
language of factors, sets, relations and capacities. It’s will likely warm up your
psychological muscles with the goal that you can put forth a valiant effort.

Variables
Universal Conditional Statement. It refers to a statement that is both universal
and conditional which contains some variation of the words “for all” and conditional
statements contain versions of the words “if-then”.

Universal Existential Statement. It refers to a statement that is universal because

its initial part says that a certain property is true for all objects of a given sort, and it
is existential because its second part assets the presence of something.

Existential Universal Statement. It refers to a statement such that first part

assures that a certain object exists and is universal since its second part says that the
question fulfills a specific property for everything of a specific kind.

The Language of Sets

Set- Roster Notation. It refers to denoting a set by enumerating all of its
elements between braces.

Set-Builder Notation. It refers to a set S and P(x) be a property that elements of S

may or may not satisfy. We may define a new set to be the set of all elements x in S
such that P(x) is true. The set is denoted as follows: { x ∈ S|P(x) }

Course Module
 Subset. It refers to any two sets denoted by A and B such that every element of A
is also an element of B then A is called subset of B, written A ⊆ B,

Ordered Pair. It refers to given elements a and b, the symbol (a,b) denotes the
ordered pair consisting of a and b noting that a is the first element of the pair b is
the second element .Any two ordered pairs (a,b) and (c,d) are said to be equal if
and only if, a=c and b=d.

Cartesian Product. It refers to given sets A and B denoted by A x B read as “A cross

B” where the set of ordered pairs (a,b) where a is in A and b is in B.

References and Supplementary Materials

Books and Journals
1. Richard Aufmann, Joanne Lockwood, et al; 2018; Mathematics in the Modern World;
Philippines; Rex Bookstore
2. Susana S. Epp;2011;Discrete Mathematics:An Introduction to Mathematical
Reasoning; Brooks/Cole; Cengage Learning

Supplementary Links to Learning Materials

Universal Conditional Statement
 https://www.csm.ornl.gov/~sheldon/ds/sec1.6.html
 https://www.coursehero.com/file/p3r697/10-A-universal-conditional-
statement-is-a-statement-that-is-both-universal-and/
 https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol9/conditional
Universal Existential Statement
 https://sites.google.com/a/cs.christuniversity.in/1425002-discrete-
mathematical-structures/unit-i-foundations/c-existential-and-universal-
statements
 https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2150079/existential-universal-vs-
universal-existential-quantifiers
 https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1h0ju6/Universal-Existential-Statements-
These-statements-are-both-universal-and/
Existential Universal Statement
 cs.unc.edu/~yangk/comp283/slides/1.1_var.pptx
 http://math.slu.edu/~freeman/Discrete_Lecture_1.pdf
Set- Roster Notation and Set-Builder Notation
 http://www.cabrillo.edu/~hpayne/Math%20152/Math152Handout1.pdf
 https://www.purplemath.com/modules/setnotn.htm
 Mathematics in the Modern World
3
Mathematical Language and Symbols

 http://www.stumblingrobot.com/2015/06/18/some-examples-of-using-roster-
notation/
 https://www.mathsisfun.com/sets/set-builder-notation.html
 https://study.com/academy/lesson/how-to-write-sets-in-roster-form.html
Subset
 http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Subset.html
 https://brilliant.org/wiki/sets-subsets/
 http://www.mathwords.com/s/subset.htm
 https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/subsets.html
 http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/memg/Division03/Subset%20of%20a%20S
et/index.html
Ordered Pair
 https://www.mathplanet.com/education/pre-algebra/introducing-
algebra/coordinate-system-and-ordered-pairs
 http://virtualnerd.com/pre-algebra/algebra-tools/relations-ordered-pairs-
coordinate-plane/ordered-pairs-coordinate-plane/ordered-pair-definition
 http://www.webquest.hawaii.edu/kahihi/mathdictionary/O/orderedpair.php
 http://www.learnalberta.ca/content/memg/Division03/Ordered%20Pair/index.
html
 http://www.icoachmath.com/math_dictionary/Ordered-pair
Cartesian Product
 http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CartesianProduct.html
 https://www.math-only-math.com/Cartesian-Product-of-Two-Sets.html
 https://mathinsight.org/definition/cartesian_product
 http://web.mnstate.edu/peil/MDEV102/U1/S7/Cartesian4.htm
 https://www.mathstopia.net/sets/cartesian-product

Course Module