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Exercise 1 Questions
1. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4?
The closer the pH is too neutral (7pH) the higher the number of colonies that are present.
2. Develop a hypothesis relating to the pH level of the culture media and the number of
microbial colonies observed in each culture.
6. What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set? Why?
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
The farther from neutral (7 pH) the less colonies that will appear.
Introduction to Science
Exercise 2 Questions
1. Fresh-baked bread develops mold more quickly than bread bought from the store.
2. Sally comes to work sick; two days later, three of her coworkers are also sick.
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3. You accidentally left a carton of milk on the counter all night, and you notice that the milk
tastes worse than it usually does when it is stored in the refrigerator.
Introduction to Science
Exercise 3 Questions
1. Four new students are learning how to count bacteria colonies. They all count the same
plate, and the first student counts 98 colonies, the second counts 115 colonies, the third
counts 103 colonies, and the fourth counts 93 colonies. The professor tells them there are
actually 107 colonies on the plate.
2. You want to make sure your incubator is operating at the correct temperature of 37˚C, so
you place a thermometer inside the incubator and check it every hour for five hours. You
record readings of 36.9˚C, 36.9˚C, 37.1˚C, 37.0˚C, and 37.1˚C.
3. You aren’t sure whether or not your pH meter needs to be calibrated, so you put it in a
solution that you know has a pH of 7. Take four separate readings, which are reported as
5.5, 8.6, 7.2, and 9.4.
4. Your lab is working on sequencing a new plasmid. Before starting, you all decide to guess
how many base pairs you think the new plasmid has. The lab members’ guesses are
4,005; 4,006; 4,007; and 4,010. It turns out the plasmid has 7,968 base pairs.
5. You try to measure out exactly 5.0 mL of water by eye into five different test tubes. When
you go back and check, you find the amount of water in each tube is 4.8 mL, 5.3 mL, 5.2
mL, 4.8 mL, and 4.7 mL.
Exercise 4 Questions
Part 1
Determine the number of significant digits in each number, and write the specific significant digits.
1. 405001
6 sigfig
2. 0.0098
2 sigfig
3. 39.999999
8 sigfig
4. 13.00
4 sigfig
5. 80,000,089
8 sigfig
6. 55,430.00
7 sigfig
7. 0.000033
2 sigfig
8. 620.03080
8 sigfig
Part 2
Convert each regular number into scientific notation.
1. 70,000,000,000
7.0x1010
2. 0.000000048
4.8x10-8
3. 67,890,000
6.789x107
4. 70,500
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7.05x104
5. 450,900,800
4.509008x108
6. 0.009045
9.045x10-3
7. 0.023
2.3x10-2
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Variables
1.amount of yeast
2.amount of water
3.amount of sugar
4.tempeture of water
5.height of fermentation
6.speed of fermentation
PROCEDURE
1. Identify ten variables that may affect aerobic fermentation in yeast. Record the variables in
Table 5.
2. From your list of variables, select three to test. Form a hypothesis regarding how each variable
may affect aerobic respiration in yeast.
The more sugar added to the cup the faster and higher the yeast will ferment.
3.amount of sugar
5.height of fermentation
6.speed of fermentation
3. Determine the positive and negative controls for your experiment.
The size of cups
The type of sugar
The type of yeast
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Introduction
This report discusses an experiment conducted to see if the amount of sugar added to a
cup of yeast would increase the speed and height of fermentation.
Procedures
The experiment involved 4 cups each had 120mL of water and 1tsp of yeast. The
experiment then started with adding no sugar to the first cup as a control for 15 min then
measure height of the bubbles. Then clean cup and replace its water and yeast in the cup.
Then added sugar in increasing amount of sugar to each cup by ½ tsp increments.
2
Amount
1.5
of
Sugar 1
(tsp)
0.5
0
0 1/16 in 3/16 in 5/16 in 6/16 in
1 2 3 4 5
Cup 1 was the control with 0 sugar. cup 2 had ½ tsp of sugar with cup 3 having 1 tsp, cup
4 had 1 ½ tsp and 5 had 2 tsp.
Conclusion
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The conclusion of the experiment is the more sugar the faster the growth and the larger
the growth.
Introduction to Science