A practical Training report on

“E Healthcare – Online Consultation and Medical

Subscription”

in partial fulfillment of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Science & Engineering (VIII Sem.)

Submitted by:

Enrollment No.:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to sincerely thank my supervisor Dr. DEEPAK PANWAR SIR for
his persistent support, guidance, help and encouragement during the whole process of my
study and preparation of term paper. I would also like to thank the students, staff and
faculty of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amity School of
Engineering and Technology for their support.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS

1. Organizational Profile

2. Introduction ………………………………………………….
2.1 Objective
2.2 Areas of Application

3. System Analysis………………………………………………
3.1 Feasibility Study
3.2 Hardware & Software Requirements

4. System Design………………………………………………..
4.1 Modules and their description
4.2 Flowchart
4.3 0 level DFD
4.4 E-R diagram

5. Conclusion & Future

Scope…………………………………..
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Future Scope & Application Area
5.3 Advantages
5.4 Limitations

6. About Java………………………………………………….

7.References & Bibliography

 Introduction

The project ‘E HealthCare Management App’ is a mobile application developed for the android
devices in which the patient’s details is stored in the server-side database. The project contains a
server application, which is the hospital website and is accessible only by the hospital
administrator. The mobile application is the client side, developed in android and it is designed
for doctors and patients. The prevalent functionality of the application is to provide medical
experts and patients with a mobile user interface for managing healthcare information more
securely. The retrieval of patient health records and patient-related medical data are easier through
this app. The user can get the overview about the services provided by a hospital through this app.
Users can also get navigation support to reach the hospital and can view the hospital on the map.
Users can also make request for appointments. The application provides a practical, user friendly
interface, so that its users can retrieve information about the hospital. The application provides
several information about the hospital, navigation guide to the hospital, make appointment for
consultation and other information on doctors and products. The application also includes patients
DICOM format. DICOM files can be exchanged between two entities that are capable of receiving
image and patient data in DICOM format. All DICOM images needed to be securely exchanged
over network. Doctors or patients can view patient's medical files etc. on their tablet even if they
are far from their clinic, sitting at home and if patients are at separate facilities. Out-patient
medication administration has been identified as the most error-prone procedure in modern
healthcare. Under or over doses due to erratic in-takes, drug-drug or drug-food interactions caused
by un-reconciled prescriptions and the absence of in-take enforcement and monitoring
mechanisms have caused medication errors to become the common cases of all medical errors.
Most medication administration errors were made when patients bought different prescribed and
over-the-counter medicines from several drug stores and use them at home without little or no
guidance. Elderly or chronically ill patients are particularly susceptible to these mistakes. This app
is designed to help patients avoiding these mistakes. It can remind its users to take the correct
medicines on time. The app is equipped with user friendly interfaces to help its users to recognize
the proper medicines and obtain the correct instructions of taking these drugs. Electronic hospital
management utilizing Web Services connectivity and Android OS support the described
functionalities.
 Abstract

In the existing system, for a patient to contact a doctor and take an appointment is possible only if
patient goes to that particular hospital. Although the people can’t get the correct information about
doctors, their details and different services provided by the hospital. The only way is to contact
directly. Those who want to have some information in the medical reports or files or want to get
appointment to particular doctor from his own place are not possible. In cases, a person suffering
from some diseases may not have the medical document with them. This may result in severe
problems. Nowadays in order to get correct information and right treatment for a patient has to go
by him wherever needed. This is a lengthy process, which takes a lot of time, and also costs are
high. It’s not possible to get all the information or details as well as we can’t satisfy the user
through this process. The existing system has drawbacks in the following areas:
1. Patient’s registration
2. Booking appointments
3. Getting hospital details and services provided by the hospital
4. To maintain the medical documents
5. Doctor patient interaction
6. Reminds the user about prescribed medicines
7. Time consuming
 Existing Environment

An endeavour is made to advance the interaction between a general physician and a person via a
smart phone application. This paper describes a tool with which we can improve the quality of
treatment for patients using mobile application. The application, My Care, runs on several
Android based devices with Wi-Fi capability.
This system allows users to conveniently record their measured health care data in their smart
phones in a most convenient way and to track their long-term health condition changes. Each time
a person visits his or her physician, the data stored in his or her smart phone gets transferred to the
health care service providers database wirelessly and enables the physician to easily get a clear
picture of the patients’ health progress.
Doctor’s instructions, prescriptions, guidelines and appointment details all can written to the
application in the smart phone and transferred to the health care service
provider’s database wirelessly and the patient can review them leisurely. This system
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\also enables users to check their wellness progress by representing their rin the form
of graphs and charts and can alert them on their prescription renewal dateWhen patients record
their daily health care data if the system notices any serious variation in the recorded data, it
will automatically send a short message (SMS) briefly describing the abnormality in the data.
Keywords: Android, Wi-Fi, My Care, SMS
 Operating Environment

The E Health Care app is developed using the latest mobile technology android. Android is a free,
open source mobile platform. It includes operating system, middleware and key applications. It is
developed by Google and Open Handset Alliance in 2007. Android is built on the open Linux
Kernel. Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual machine that has been designed to optimize memory
and hardware resources in a mobile environment. Android is an open source; it can be liberally
extended to incorporate new cutting-edge technologies as they emerge. The platform will continue to
evolve as the developer community works together to build innovative mobile applications. The
various characteristics of android are:

Data transmission using Wi-Fi, GSM, EDGE, CDMA, EV-DO and UMTS.

It has a rich set of libraries for audio, video and image files.

Dalvik Virtual Machine

SQ-Lite for data storage.

IPC message passing facilities.

Integrated browser

Comprehensive libraries for 2D and 3D graphics.

Have features for video camera, touch screens, GPS etc. The advantages of android include:

• Its an open platform. This means that its code is available for people to look at.
• We can switch from one application to another with minimal changes.
• Android allows third parties to make applications for the phone that can be installed by
anyone.
• An Android phone is guaranteed to work with Google products.
• Android platform will work on notebook and computers. This means that you could have device
that share the same platform giving you the ability to purchase applications that will work on all
devices.
• Multitasking
• Android gives better notification.
• Application freedom is guaranteed.
• Android allows customization of home page and use of widgets. To develop android applications
the following software needs to be installed on our system:
• Java Development Kit [ JDK]
• A compatible Java IDE [ Eclipse]
• Android SDK tools and documentation
• Android Development

Tools [ ADT] plug-in for Eclipse. The healthcare office system i.e., the server is coded using the
popular programming language java. Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-
oriented language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as
possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere"(WORA), meaning
that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java is
currently one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web
applications.

To send and receive SMS text messages to cell phones from a JAVA application the Ozeki JAVA
SMS SDK is used. It was designed to be used in JAVA applications that have a GUI or that operate
as a background service. The SMS technology was created to provide an infrastructure for the
transportation of short messages containing a maximum of 140 bytes (8-bit objects) of useful data in
mobile telecommunication networks. The transportation is done in the GSM signaling path in
traditional GSM networks, and as GPRS packets in GPRS networks. Messages are composed using
the PDU specification. A SMS is a binary string containing all the necessary information to form the
message header needed for transportation and the message body containing the payload. The basic
addressing scheme of SMS messages are mobile telephone numbers called MSISDN. Ozeki has
released the Java SMS SDK to add SMS functionality to JAVA applications in a very efficient way.
This SDK communicates with the Ozeki NG SMS Gateway, through a TCP/IP socket. The socket is
always connected, which makes it possible, to receive SMS delivery reports and incoming SMS
messages instantly. The Ozeki Java SMS SDK implements the TCP/IP communication and provides
methods calls and events you can implement to achieve the desired functionality. Using this SDK
very fast and efficient SMS solutions can be developed. To be able to use this SDK, you need to
install Ozeki NG SMS Gateway into your corporate network. Ozeki NG SMS Gateway will be
responsible for attaching your system to the mobile network. It will receive the TCP/IP connections
from the JAVA SMS SDK and it well send and receive SMS messages through the configured
communication method.
 ADVANTAGES OF THE SYSTEM

The proposed system is user-friendly. The system does not require any extra hardware and hence the
system is cheap. The user does not require any extra knowledge to operate the application installed in
his/her android based smart phone. The application developed support all smart phones with android
version 2.3.3 and above. The proposed system is portable and low cost and it makes it a system for
the common man. The system is reliable and robust.

Limitations of the system

● All the questions have to be scrolled once before clicking the finish
button
● A user must have fundamental knowledge as to how to use the application
 Scope of the project

This research work aims to improve the health care facilities in the areas. It also aims at providing
improved information and communication facilities between the health care officials and the
population. This research work focuses on various aspects of health care facilities and it can be
broadly classified into two areas:

a) Personal health care

b) Primary health care
2
The personal healthcare aspect focuses on the following areas:

● Consultation advice

● Reminders for medicine patterns

● Monitoring daily lifestyle

The primary healthcare aspect focuses on the following areas:

● Proper care and consultation

● Identifying possible candidate for a particular disease

● Statistics and surveys

 System Analysis

Identification of Need System analysis is the detailed study of the various operations performed by
the system and their relationships within and outside the system. First, we should identify what is the
need of the proposed system. In existing system, all patient related activities are done manually. If
we need to access any of our medicine details or reports, files etc., we have to visit the hospital. If we
are far away, it is not possible. This application provides a way to connect the users with the hospital
through the mobile. A person having android mobile or tablet can access personal medical
information and can download files. Also, users get all the details about hospital, doctor availability,
bookings etc. through the mobile. The prevalent functionality of the application is to provide medical
experts and patients with a mobile user interface for managing healthcare information more securely.
Problems with conventional system are lack of immediate retrieval of patients’ medical information
and details, about hospital facilities, services, departments, doctors etc. The user can register in the
site through the mobile and then login at any time. He can view or download related test reports,
patient details report, prescription and billing reports as per his requirements. Also, the patients can
initiate chat with the doctors in the hospital and get advices without going to the hospital.

Preliminary Investigation

The first step in the investigation was to determine the possible drawbacks of a website as well as the
services expected by a software buyer in this internet world. The following steps were performed
during the initial investigation.
∙ The detail of the software was collected, which helped in analyzing the requirements for the system
and helped me to get interacted with existing scenario.
∙ Analysis of the existing software together with the former helped in detecting the kind of flexibility
that a buyer and a developer would be looking for and their expectation of the new system.
∙ Initial investigation provided the basis for designing and was followed by the feasibility analysis.
Feasibility Study

Feasibility analysis is the procedure for identifying the candidate system, evaluating and electing the
most feasible system. This is done by investigating the existing system in the area under
investigation or generally ideas about a new system. It is a test of a system proposal according to its
workability, impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources.
The objective of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to acquire a sense of its scope.
Feasibility study involves 6 steps:
1. Form a project team and appoint a project leader.
2. Prepare system flow charts
3. Enumerate potential candidate system.
4. Describe and identify characteristics of candidate systems.
5. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effectiveness of each candidate system.
6. Weigh system performance and cost data.

Three key considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis: Economic, Technical and
Behavioral feasibility. Economic Feasibility Economic analysis is the most frequently used method
for evaluating the effectiveness of a candidate system. It is more commonly known as cost benefit
analysis, the procedure to determine the benefits and saving that are expected from a candidate
system and compare them with costs. If the benefits outweigh costs then a decision is made to design
and implement the system. Otherwise make alterations in the proposed system. Technical Feasibility
The assessments of technical feasibility centers on the existing system and to what extend it can
support the proposed addition. This was based on an outline design of system requirements in turns
of input files, programs, procedures and staff. It involves financial considerations to accommodate
technical enhancements. Behavioral Feasibility People are inherently resistant to change and
computers have been known to facilitate change. An estimate should be made about the reaction of
the user staff towards the development of a computerized system. Computer installations have
something to do with turnover, transfers and change in job status. The introduction of a candidate
system requires special effort to educate, sell and train the staff for conducting the business.

Requirement Specification

Problem Recognition The existing system is time consuming and costly. Immediate retrieval of
hospital information, doctor details, booking details, patient medical information is not possible with
the existing system. To find out about the patient’s history, the user has to go through various
registers. This results in inconvenience and wastage of time. The existing system has problems in the
following areas.
∙ Patient’s registration
∙ Booking
∙ Getting hospital details and services provided by the hospital
∙ To maintain the medical documents
∙ Doctor patient interaction
∙ Reminds the user about prescribed medicines

Problem Evaluation & Synthesis Requirements analysis is the process of determining user
expectations for a new or modified product. These features, called requirements, must be
quantifiable, relevant and detailed. In software engineering, such requirements are often called
functional specifications. Requirements analysis is an important aspect of project management. This
is the most important part of software developing. This step entails acquiring all the facts concerning
the problem specification such as identifying the desired result determining what information is
needed to produce these results and figuring out what process must be carried out to proceed to get
the accurate result.

Software Specification

Operating System: Windows / Linux

Front End: Java, JSP, Android

Back End: MySQL, SQLite

IDE: Eclipse, NetBeans

IDE Java Version: JDK 1.6 or later

 Conclusions

The project ‘HealthCare Management App’ is a mobile application developed in android to ease the
access to hospital services. The prevalent functionality of the application is to provide medical
experts and patients with a mobile user interface for managing healthcare information more securely.
The retrieval of patient health records and patient related medical data are easier through this app.
The software takes care of all the requirements of an average hospital and is capable to provide easy
and effective storage of information related to patients that come up to the hospital. It generates test
reports, provide prescription details including various tests, diet advice, and medicines prescribed to
patient and the user can utilize these facilities through the mobile. The project was successfully
completed within the time span allotted. All the modules are tested separately and input together to
form the main system. Finally, the system is tested with the real data and everything worked
successfully. Thus, the system has fulfilled the entire objective identified. The system had been
developed in an attractive dialog fashion. So, the user with minimum knowledge about computers
can also operate the system easily. To conclude this, we thank all the people who help as to complete
this project successfully
 Summary of findings for Future Research

The system has been designed in such a way that it can be modified with very little effort when such
a need arises in the future. The system has been found to work efficiently and effectively. Due to its
higher user friendliness, others may use these documents as a prototype for developing similar
application. The system is found to be error free and ready for implementation. To survive from the
competition each has to produce some modifications to it in the future. To keep track with the
changing environment, the system that we developed should be easily enhanced. Due to this reason it
is necessary that the system need to be modified according to the user’s requirements.
 Suggestions

We can enhance this system by including more facilities like billing, electronic insurance card,
emergency call directories, first aid and health libraries in the phone. So that users get all services in
their pocket. To get the full support of the application we need a high-end smartphone with internet
access and gps. 9.3 Future Directions The system developed is for a single hospital. In the future, it
can be enhanced by combining several hospitals. The server is a common site in which several
hospitals can register in the site. So that users can search for hospitals according to their needs and
also, they get the navigation to the hospital also they get the service of the good doctors from
different hospitals.
 System Security measures

Database/data security Database security concerns the use of a broad range of information security
controls to protect databases (potentially including the data, the database applications or stored
functions, the database systems, the database servers and the associated network links) against
compromises of their confidentiality, integrity and availability. It involves various types or categories
of controls, such as technical, procedural/administrative and physical. Database security is a
specialist topic within the broader realms of computer security, information security and risk
management. Security risks to database systems include, for example:

∙ Unauthorized or unintended activity or misuse by authorized database users, database

administrators, or network/systems managers, or by unauthorized users or hackers (e.g. inappropriate
access to sensitive data, metadata or functions within databases, or inappropriate changes to the
database programs, structures or security configurations);
∙ Malware infections causing incidents such as unauthorized access, leakage or disclosure of
personal or proprietary data, deletion of or damage to the data or programs, interruption or denial of
authorized access to the database, attacks on other systems and the unanticipated failure of database
services;
∙ Overloads, performance constraints and capacity issues resulting in the inability of authorized users
to use databases as intended;
∙ Physical damage to database servers caused by computer room fires or floods, overheating,
lightning, accidental liquid spills, static discharge, electronic breakdowns/equipment failures and
obsolescence;
∙ Design flaws and programming bugs in databases and the associated programs and systems,
creating various security vulnerabilities (e.g. unauthorized privilege escalation), data loss/corruption,
performance degradation etc.;
∙ Data corruption and/or loss caused by the entry of invalid data or commands, mistakes in database
or system administration processes, sabotage/criminal damage etc.

Many layers and types of information security control are appropriate to databases, including:
∙ Access control
∙ Auditing
∙ Authentication
∙ Encryption
∙ Integrity controls
∙ Backups
∙ Application security
∙ Application of Statistical Techniques
Traditionally databases have been largely secured against hackers through network security measures
such as firewalls, and network-based intrusion detection systems. While network security controls
remain valuable in this regard, securing the database systems themselves, and the programs/functions
and data within them, has arguably become more critical as networks are increasingly opened to
wider access, in particular access from the Internet. Furthermore, system, program, function and data
access controls, along with the associated user identification, authentication and rights management
functions, have always been important to limit and in some cases log the activities of authorized
users and administrators. In other words, these are complementary approaches to database security,
working from both the outside-in and the inside-out as it were. Many organizations develop their
own "baseline" security standards and designs detailing basic security control measures for their
database systems. These may reflect general information security requirements or obligations
imposed by corporate information security policies and applicable laws and regulations (e.g.
concerning privacy, financial management and reporting systems), along with generally-accepted
good database security practices (such as appropriate hardening of the underlying systems) and
perhaps security recommendations from the relevant database system and software vendors. The
security designs for specific database systems typically specify further security administration and
management functions (such as administration and reporting of user access rights, log management
and analysis, database replication/synchronization and backups) along with various business-driven
information security controls within the database programs and functions (e.g. data entry validation
and audit trails). Furthermore, various security-related activities (manual controls) are normally
incorporated into the procedures, guidelines etc. relating to the design, development, configuration,
use, management and maintenance of databases.
 BIBLOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

The Complete Reference Java2

By: -Herbert Schildt

Programming with Java

By: -E Balagurusamy

WEBSITES:

www.java.sun.com

www.google.co.in

en.wikipedia.org
Java
The Java programming language is a high-level language that can be characterized by all of the
following buzzwords:
∙ Simple
∙ Object oriented
∙ Distributed
∙ Multithreaded
∙ Dynamic
∙ Architecture neutral
∙ Portable
∙ High performance
∙ Robust
∙ Secure

In the Java programming language, all source code is first written in plain text files ending with the
.java extension. Those source files are then compiled into class files by the javac compiler. A .class
file does not contain code that is native to your processor; it instead contains bytecodes — the
machine language of the Java Virtual Machine (JavaVM). The java launcher tool then runs
application with an instance of the Java Virtual Machine. Because the Java VM is available on many
different operating systems, the same .class files are capable of running on Microsoft Windows, the
Solaris™ Operating System (Solaris OS), Linux, or Mac OS. A platform is the hardware or software
environment in which a program runs. Most platforms can be described as a combination of the
operating system and underlying hardware. The Java platform differs from most other platforms in
that it's a software-only platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms. The Java
platform has two components:

∙ The Java Virtual Machine

∙ The Java Application Programming Interface (API) Java Development Toolkit

The Java Development Kit (JDK) is an implementation of either one of the Java SE, Java EE or Java
ME platforms released by Oracle Corporation in the form of a binary product aimed at Java
developers on Solaris, Linux, Mac OS X or Windows. Since the introduction of Java platform, it has
been by far the most widely used Software Development Kit (SDK). On November 17, 2006, Sun
announced that it would be released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), thus making it
free software. This happened in large part on May 8, 2007, when Sun contributed the source code to
the OpenJDK.
 Android

Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., whom Google financially
backed and later purchased in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the
Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies
devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone was sold
in October 2008. Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License.
This open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and
distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. Additionally,
Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the
functionality of devices, written primarily in a customized version of the Java programming
language. These factors have allowed Android to become the world's most widely used smart phone
platform and the software of choice for technology companies who require a low-cost, customizable,
lightweight operating system for high tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a result,
despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on
televisions, game, consoles and other electronics. Android's open nature has further encouraged a
large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for
community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices
which were officially released running other operating systems.

Android SDK

Android software development is the process by which new applications are created for the Android
operating system. Applications are usually developed in the Java programming language using the
Android Software Development Kit, but other development tools are available. As of April 2011,
more than 200,000 applications have been developed for Android, with over 3 billion downloads.
The Android platform has also grown to become a favorite among mobile developers The Android
software development kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set of development tools. These include a
debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials.
Currently supported development platforms include computers running Linux (any modern desktop
Linux distribution), Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later, Windows XP or later. The officially supported
integrated development environment (IDE) is Eclipse using the Android Development Tools (ADT)
Plug-in, though developers may use any text editor to edit Java and XML files then use command
line tools (Java Development Kit and Apache Ant are required) to create, build and debug Android
applications as well as control attached Android devices (e.g., triggering a reboot, installing software
package(s) remotely). Enhancements to Android's SDK go hand in hand with the overall Android
platform development. The SDK also supports older versions of the Android platform in case
developers wish to target their applications at older devices. Development tools are downloadable
components, so after one has downloaded the latest version and platform, older platforms and tools
can also be downloaded for compatibility testing. Android applications are packaged in .apk format
and stored under /data/app folder on the Android OS (the folder is accessible only to root user for
security reasons). APK package contains .dex files (compiled byte code files called Dalvik
executable), resource files, etc.
Flow chart
s