5.

Ammonia gas is compressed from 21oC and 200 kPa to 1000 kPa in an adiabatic compressor with an
efficiency of 0.82. Estimate the final temperature, the work required, and the entropy change of the
ammonia.

Ammonia: 𝑇𝑐 = 405.7 𝐾 𝑃𝑐 = 112.8 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝜔 = 0.253

𝑇0 = 294.15 𝐾 𝑃0 = 200 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝐏 = 1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐽
∆𝑆 = 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙∙𝐾
For the heat capacity of ammonia:

3.020×10−3
𝐴 = 3.578 𝐵= 𝐾
𝐷 = −0.8186 × 105 ∙ 𝐾 2

𝑇 𝑃 𝑃
𝑇𝑟0 = 𝑇0 𝑇𝑟0 = 0.725 𝑃𝑟0 = 𝑃0 𝑃𝑟0 = 0.0177 ; 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃 𝑃𝑟 = 0.089
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐

Use generalized second-virial correlation: The entropy change is given by Eq. (6.92) combined
with Eq. (5.15); C = 0
𝜏 = 1.4 (𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Given
𝐷 𝜏+1 𝑃 𝜏 ∙ 𝑇0
∆𝑆 = 𝑅[ 𝐴 ∙ ln(𝜏) + [𝐵 ∙ 𝑇0 + (𝜏∙𝑇0 )2
∙(2
)] ∙ (𝜏 − 1) − ln( 𝑃 ) + SRB ( 𝑇𝑐
, 𝑃𝑟 , 𝜔) – SRB (𝑇𝑟0 , 𝑃𝑟0 ,
𝑐
ω)]
𝑇
𝜏 = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝜏) 𝜏 = 1.437 𝑇 = 𝜏 ∙ 𝑇0 𝑇 = 422.818 𝐾 𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇 𝑇𝑟 = 1.042
𝑐

∆𝐻𝑖𝑔 = 𝑅 ∙ 𝐼𝐶𝑃𝐻 ( 𝑇0 , 𝑇, 3.578,3.020 × 10−3 , 0.0, −0.186 × 105 )

𝑘𝐽
∆𝐻𝑖𝑔 = 4.826
𝑚𝑜𝑙

∆𝐻 ′ = ∆𝐻𝑖𝑔 + 𝑅 ∙ 𝑇𝑐 ∙ ( 𝐻𝑅𝐵(𝑇𝑟 , 𝑃𝑟 , ω) − 𝐻𝑅𝐵(𝑇𝑟0 , 𝑃𝑟0 ,ω)

𝐽
∆𝐻 ′ = 4652
𝑚𝑜𝑙

The actual enthalpy change from Eq. (7.17)

∆𝐻 ′ 𝐽
ŋ = 0.82 ∆𝐻 = ŋ
∆𝐻 = 5673.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

The actual final temperature is now found from Eq. (6.91) combined with Eq. (4.7), written:
𝜏 = 1.4 (𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑠)

Given
𝐵 𝐷 𝜏−1
∆𝐻 = 𝑅[ 𝐴 ∙ 𝑇0 (𝜏 − 1) + 2
∙ 𝑇02 ∙ (𝜏 2 − 1) + 𝑇0
∙( 𝜏
)+ 𝑇𝑐 ∙ (𝐻𝑅𝐵(𝑇𝑟0 ,𝑃𝑟0 , ω))]

𝑇
𝜏 = 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 (𝜏) 𝜏 = 1.521 𝑇 = 𝜏 ∙ 𝑇0 𝑇 = 447.47 𝐾 𝑇𝑟 = 𝑇 𝑇𝑟 = 1.103
𝑐

𝐷 𝜏+1 𝑃
∆𝑆 = 𝑅[ 𝐴 ∙ ln(𝜏) + [𝐵 ∙ 𝑇0 + (𝜏∙𝑇0 )2
∙(2
)] ∙ (𝜏 − 1) − ln( 𝑃 ) + SRB (𝑇𝑟 𝑃𝑟 , 𝜔) – SRB (𝑇𝑟0 ,𝑃𝑟0 , ω)]
0
𝐽
∆𝑆 = 2.347 Ans.
𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∙𝐾
6. An insulated evacuated tank of 1.75 m3 volume is attached to a line containing steam at 400 kPa and 240
o
C. Steam flows into the tank until the pressure in the tank reaches 400 kPa. Assuming no heat flow from
the steam to the tank, prepare graphs showing the mass of steam in the tank and its temperature as a
function of pressure in the tank.

The result of part (a) of Pb. 3.15 applies, with 𝑛1 = 𝑄 = 0

Whence │𝑈2 = 11

From Table F.2 at 400 kPa and 240 °C

𝑘𝐽
𝐻 = 2943.9 Interpolation in Table F.2 will produce values of t and V for a given P
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
where 𝑈 = 2943.9 ⁄𝑘𝑔.

𝑐𝑚3
𝑃2 = 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 384.09 𝐾 𝑆𝑉 = 303316 𝑔

1000𝑐𝑚
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 1.75𝑚3 ( 1𝑚 )³
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = = = 5.7696 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑉 𝑐𝑚3 1000𝑔
303316 𝑔 ( )
1𝑘𝑔

𝑐𝑚3
𝑃2 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 384.82 𝐾 𝑆𝑉 = 3032.17 𝑔

1000𝑐𝑚
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 1.75𝑚3 ( )³
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = = 1𝑚 = 0.5771𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑉 3
𝑐𝑚 1000𝑔
3032.17 ( )
𝑔 1𝑘𝑔

𝑐𝑚3
𝑃2 = 200 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 385.57 𝐾 𝑆𝑉 = 1515.61
𝑔

1000𝑐𝑚
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 1.75𝑚3 ( 1𝑚 )³
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = = ) = 1.1547𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑉 𝑐𝑚3 1000𝑔
1515.61 (
𝑔 1𝑘𝑔

𝑐𝑚3
𝑃2 = 300 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 386.31 𝐾 𝑆𝑉 = 1010.08 𝑔

1000𝑐𝑚
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 1.75𝑚3 ( )³
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = = 1𝑚 ) = 1.7325𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑉 𝑐𝑚3 1000𝑔
1010.08 6 (
𝑔 1𝑘𝑔

𝑐𝑚3
𝑃2 = 400 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑇2 = 387.08 𝐾 𝑆𝑉 = 757.34 𝑔
 1000𝑐𝑚
𝑉𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 1.75𝑚3 ( 1𝑚 )³
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = = ) = 2.3107𝑘𝑔
𝑆𝑉 𝑐𝑚3 1000𝑔
757.34 𝑔 (
1𝑘𝑔

T rises very slowly as P increases

2.5
Pressure vs Mass
2

1.5
M
a
1 s
s

0.5

0
Pressure
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450