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Lecture 2
Cholinergic Drugs
Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Works to save energy, aids in digestion,
and supports restorative, resting body
functions.
– Decrease in heart rate
– Increased gastro intestinal tract tone and
peristalsis
– Urinary sphincter relaxation
– Vasodilation – decrease in blood pressure
Body Responses – “rest and digest”
• Dilation of blood vessels in skin
• Decrease heart rate (bradycardia)
• Increase secretion of digestive enzymes
• Constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi
• Increase in sweat glands - cooling
• Contraction of smooth muscles of urinary
bladder
• Contraction of smooth muscle of skeletal
system
Cholinergic Receptors
M1 Secretory glands salivation, stomach acid,
sweating, lacrimation
• Acetylcholine
• Methacholine Muscarine
• Carbachol Pilocarpine
• Bethanechol Arecoline
Drug Effects of Cholinergic Agents
• Cardiovascular effects
– Decreased heart rate( Bradycardia)
– Vasodilation (NO mediated)
• Respiratory effects
– Bronchial constriction, narrowed airways
Propoxur(baygon)
• Physostigmine - only anticholinesterase
capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. Is
more lipid soluble. Used as an antidote for
overdosage of anticholinergics such as:
atropine, antihistamines, TCA, phenothiazines.
May also be used in treatment of glaucoma.