Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Sanitary pipework
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---------------·-·----- ...
BS 5572 : 1994
© BS! 1994
Amendments issued since publication
First published, as CP 304, Amd No. Date Text affected
December 1953
Second edition, as CP 304,
March lf)68
Third edition, as BS 55"72,
June 1978
Fourth edition September 1994
Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword 3
Code of practice
1 Scope 4
2 References 4
3 Definitions 4
4 Exchange of information 6
4.1 General 6
4.2 Statutory requirements 6
5 Performance 6
5.1 General 6
5.2 Discharge 6
5.3 Hydraulics and pneumatics of discharge systems 9
6 Design 12
6.1 General 12
6.2 Traps 12
6.3 Discharge pipes and stacks 18
6.4 Ventilating pipes and stacks 27
6. 5 Access 31
6.6 Materials 31
6. 7 Special design considerations 33
7 Commonly used pipework arrangements; layout and sizing data 34
7.1 General 34
7.2 Commonly used arrangements of branch discharge pipes 34
7.3 Discharge stack, branch and ventilating pipe relationships for
common arrangements of appliances 51
8 Pipe sizing using discharge unit method 61
8.1 General 61
8.2 Procedure 63
9 Work on site 63
9.1 Jointing of pipes 63
9.2 Support and fixing of pipes 64
9.3 Protection during building construction 66
10 Inspection and testing of completed installations 66
10.1 General 66
10.2 Final inspection 66
10. 3 Testing 66
11 Maintenance 68
11.1 General 68
11.2 Cleaning and descaling 69
11.3 Periodic inspection 70
Annexes
A (normative) Publications specifying materials, components and
appliances 71
B (informative) Examples of pipe sizing procedures 73
C (informative) Bibliography 74
1
BS 5572 : 1994
Tables
1 Equivalence between size as defined in this standard and as in other
publications 5
2 Flow and usage data of some sanitary appliances 7
3 Trap seal loss data 9
4 Minimum sizes of tubular traps 17
5 Ventilating stack sizes (in millimetres) for commonly used
arrangements of discharge stacks and swept entry branches 60
6 Discharge unit values and flow rates for common appliances 62
7 Maximum capacity and number of discharge units for vertical stacks 63
8 Maximum number of discharge units allowed on branch discharge
pipe 63
9 General guide for the sizes of ventilating pipes and stacks 63
10 Maximum distance between pipe supports 65
11 Number of sanitary appliances to be discharged for performance
testing 68
12 The chemical cleaning of discharge stacks and branches 70
Figures
1 Seal loss due to flow in branch pipes 10
2 Pressure effects and seal losses due to water flow in a discharge
stack 11
3 Ventilated system 13
4 Ventilated stack system 14
5 Single stack system 15
6 Modified single stack system 16
7 Trap types 17
8 Branch discharge pipe connections to discharge stacks 19
9 Prevention of cross flow 21
10 Discharge from stub stack 24
11 Offsets in discharge stacks 25
'
12 'Ierrnination of stack vents and ventilating stacks 26
13 Ventilating pipes to branches 28
14 Ventilating stacks
15 Access for cleaning and testing purposes
30
32
l
16 Branch discharge pipes for single WCs 35
17 Branch discharge pipes for single urinals 36
18 Branch discharge pipes for single wash basins 37
19 Branch discharge pipes for single baths and sinks 40
20 Combined branch discharge pipe arrangement for a bath and wash
basin 41
21 Branch discharge pipes for washing and dish washing machines 42
22 Branch discharge pipes for ranges of WCs 44
46
23 Branch discharge pipes for ranges of urinals
,.
,•
2
--· ·--- ·-···- ------- --------····----...cc._.;..
BS 5572 : 1994
Foreword
! \
!
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of Technical
Committee B/505 • Wastewater Engineering'. It supersedes BS 5572 : 1978,
which is withdrawn,
The recommendations on design and workmanship are based on improved
technology in plumbing and research undertaken by the Building Research
Establishment and product manufacturers, the results of which have been
proved in practice. In particular, the sizing of pipework, the grouping of
appliances for drainage purposes, the calculation of discharge flows, the jointing
of pipes and fittings of varying materials and maintenance aspects have all been
covered in greater detail.
This revision has come at a time when changes are likely in the ranges of pipe
sizes available. This should not cause difficulty as, generally, small variations
from the stated internal diameter do not critically affect performance. An
exception is an unvented branch pipe serving a single wash basin, the size of
which does have a pronounced effect on performance . The type of basin and
trap also has an influence. Consequently, a minimum size has been quoted for
this arrangement, for a particular basin and trap design Work is in hand to
provide more data for a range of pipe sizes, basin and trap types.
A new clause (5) dealing with the performance requirements of discharge pipe
systems has been included and it is hoped that this can be enlarged in future
revisions of this standard to enable performance to be included in more detail
than is possible at present.
The drawings contained in this standard are only diagrammatic, their purpose
being to complement the text and portray design principles.
The normative references are currently all British Standards As European
Standards are published they will replace the relevant British Standards and be
the subject of amendment to this publication.
BSI recognizes that the European committee CEN/TC165 is in the process of
drafting a performance specification for drainage systems inside buildings, for
publication in late 1995 The UK has participated in this work and expects this
code of practice to be fully consistent with the requirements of the European
Standard. The UK will willingly withdraw those parts of BS 5572 that are found
to be either in conflict with, or the same as, the published European Standard
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from
legal obligations.
3
BS 5572 : 1994
Code of practice
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this British Standard, the 3.11 stack
definitions given in BS 6100 : Section 2 7 : 1992 A main vet tical discluuqe 01 venll1ath1q p1pe
and Section 3. 3 : 1992 apply, some of which have 3. 12 stack vent
been reproduced below, together with the
following Extension of a vertical discharqe pipe above the
highest discharge pipe connection that terminates
NOTE For tho purposes of this standard, pipes and pipework
include fittings in an end open to atmosphere.
NaI'E Repeated from BS filOO
3. 1 access cover
A removable cover on pipes and fittings providing 3.13 trap
access to the interior of pipework for the purposes Pipe fitting or part of a sanitary appliance that
of inspection, testing and cleansing. retains liquid lo prevent the passage of foul air;
NOTE Repeated from BS 6100
3.2 branch discharge pipe
A discharge pipe connecting sanitary appliances to
a discharge stack
NOTE Repeated from DS f\ I 00
4
BS 5572 1994
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5
BS 5572: 1994
6
BS 5572 : 1994
7
BS 5572 : 1994
8
BS 5572: 1994
9
BS 5572: 1994
Saniiary
appliance
i
a) Self-slphonage (at the end of an appliance discharge)
\.
A--j
I
Pipe running full I
View A-A
A�
b) Induced siphonage (due to full bore f1<JW in a main branch discharge pipe)
Figure L Seal loss due to flow in branch pipes
10
BS 5572: 1994
Open to atmosphere
Induced siphonage
lo suction ( negative pressure
in the stock
Back pressure related
to positive pressure in stack
11
BS 5572 : 1994
5.3.4.6 Admission. of rainwater into discharge A modified single stack system, providing
stacks ventilating pipework extended to the atmosphere
In some areas with combined drainage systems, or connected to a ventilating stack, can be used
discharge stacks are permitted to receive rainwater where the disposition of appliances on a branch
from roof areas However, rainwater pipes are not discharge pipe could cause loss of their trap seals.
permitted to receive foul or waste discharges. The The ventilating stack need not be connected
directly to the discharge stack and can be smaller
rainwater outlet should be trapped unless it is in a in diameter than that required for a ventilated
position where termination of a stack vent is stack system.
permitted In very long stacks, e.g. a 30 storey
building, quite small continuous flows of rainwater
can cause excessive pressure fluctuations There is 6 Design
also the danger of flooding if a blockage occurs in 6.1 General
the discharge stack or underground drain during a Recommendations in this standard are based,
heavy rainstorm especially if the roof area served is wherever possible, on appliances, pipes and fittings
large (see 6.3.3.5, 6.3.3.6 and 6.3.3. 7) that conform to British Standards.
Consequently it is generally recommended that the This clause and clauses 7 and 8 give detailed design
actice is limited to roof areas of not more than data for the following:
40 m2 per stack and to buildings of not more than a) domestic buildings including bungalows,
10 storeys in height, Within these limitations the houses, multi-storey flats and halls of residence
appropriate data in table 5 can be used with no Typical features of these installations are single
increase in ventilating stack size (see 5.2.2). appliances connected to, and often closely
grouped round, a discharge stack;
5. 3.4. 7 Effects of pumped or ejected discharqe
b) non-domestic buildings such as offices,
Where it is necessary to pump or eject the effluent, factories, schools and other types of public
the method of discharge to the building drainage buildings Typical features of these installations
system should be such that the rate of flow and the are ranges of appliances connected to the
location of the discharge will not cause pressure discharge stack by main branch discharge pipes
fluctuations which might adversely affect the Generally, appliances cannot be so closely
performance of the gravity system. grouped round the stack as in domestic buildings.
The exhaust compressed ail from pneumatic 6.2 Traps (see figure 7)
ejectors should not be discharged into the gravity 6.2.l General
drainage ventilation system but should be
Designs in this standard are based on the use of
discharged to atmosphere separately. traps with the basic dimensions as given in 6.2.2
5.3.5 Description of discharge systems and 6.2.3.
The discharge systems can conveniently be Traps should be designed so that deposits do not
classified-as follows. accumulate. A trap which is not an integral part of
�) Ventilated. system {see figure 3) an appliance should be attached to, and be
immediately beneath, its outlet and be
A ventilated system is used in situations where self-cleansing The internal surface of the trap
there are large numbers of sanitary appliances in should be smooth throughout (see 5.2.5).
ranges or where they have to be widely dispersed All traps should be accessible and provided with an
and it is impracticable to provide discharge adequate facility for cleansing. There can be
stack(s) in close proximity to the appliances. Trap advantages in providing traps which are capable of
seals are safeguarded by extending the discharge being readily removed or dismantled (see 5. 2. 7).
and ventilating stacks to atmosphere and
6.2.2 Depth of seals
providing individual branch ventilating pipes
Traps with outlets for pipes up to and including
b) Ventilated stack system. (see figure 4) 50 mm size should have a minimum water seal of
A ventilated stack system is used in situations 50 mm on baths and shower trays, and on
where close grouping of appliances makes it spray-tap basins provided they are fitted with
practicable to provide branch discharge pipes flush-grated wastes without plugs, and 75 mm on
without the need for branch ventilating pipes. all other appliances (see 5.2.2)
Trap seals are safeguarded by extending the Traps with outlets for pipes over 50 mm size should
stack(s) to the atmosphere and by have a minimum water seal of 50 mm (see 5.2.2).
cross-connecting the ventilating stack to the Traps used on appliances with a trailing waste
discharge stack. discharge and installed on ground floors and
c) Single stack system (see figures 5 and 6) discharging to an external gully may have a
A single stack system is used in situations as reduced water seal of not less than 38 mm
described in b) but only where the discharge (see 5.2.2 and 6.3.2. 7).
stack is large enough to limit pressure 6.2.3 Diameters of tubular traps
fluctuations without the need for a ventilating The sizes of tubular traps should be not less than
stack those given in table 4 (see 5.2).
12
BS 5572 : 1994
Ventilating
pipe
-----
WC
Bath
Discharge pipe
.,,.. /
.,,.
a) Single appliances
Ventilating pipe
WC I ,...
WC I I
I I
I l
\
r--Cross-conneclion as an ollernolive /
j., lo the connection to lhe WC branch
., //
/ /
Side view
b) Multiple appliances
NOTE For use in situations where there are large numbers of sanitary appliances in ranges or where they have to be widely
dispersed and it is impracticable to provide discharge stacks in close proximity to the appliances
Figure 3. Ventilated system
13
BS 5572: 1994
--
---
Bath
.,,..
, _.,. ...<:..- - --Cross-connection as an alternative
.,.... lo the connection to the WC branch
Connection to the WC branch
is preferable when the ventilating
stack is less than 50 mm in diameter
(see6 4 2 2)
a) Single appliances
Side view
b) Multiple appliances
NaT'E For use in situations where close grouping of appliances makes it practicable to provide branch discharge pipes without
the need for branch ventilating pipes
Figure 4. Ventilated stack system
l
14
l
BS 5572: 1994
we
Bath
Discharge pipe
a) Single appliances
Wash basins
Cleaning eye
WC WC Discharge pipe
Side view
b) Multiple appliances
NOTE. For use in situations described in the note to figure 4, but where the discharge stack is large enough to limit pressure
fluctuations without the need for a ventilating stack.
Figure 5. Single stack system
15
BS 5572 1994
Discharge stack
Ventilating pipe
Sink
- j
WC
I
I
Balh
a) Single appliances
Discharge stack
Ventilating pipe
Side view
b) Multiple appliances
NOTE. For use in situations where the disposition of appliances on a branch discharge pipe could cause loss of their trap seals
(by the provision of ventilating pipework extended to the atmosphere or connected to a ventilating stack)
Figure 6. Modified single stack system
16
BS 5572 : 1994
a) WC trap
Water�
seal
_ _L_
-- --
- f -��
'Iable 4. Minimum sizes of tubular traps the trap Bottle traps are often used in conjunction
with wash basins where the trap is exposed, or
Type of appliance Size of Type of appliance Size of
trap trap where there may be difficulty in fitting a tubular
mm mm trap.
Wash basin 32 6.2.5 Resealing traps
These are specially designed traps for unventilated
Bidet 32 small size discharge pipes fitted to appliances
where, because of the arrangement of the
Sink 40 pipework, siphonage would otherwise occur. They
Bath 40 will become less efficient in resealing if the
Urinal {bowl) 40 recommendations of 6.2.1 are not met. Resealing
traps should be regularly inspected and
Shower bath 40 Urinals ( I to 7 65 maintained. Some types can be noisy in operation
tray stalls or slab (see 5.2.3).
\
of equivalent
. length)!' The depth of seals should be as given in 6.2.2, the
sizes at inlet and outlet should be as given in 6.2.3
Drinking 32 Food-waste 40 and there should be no reduction in flow area
fountain disposal unit through the trap.
(domestic)
6.2.6 Floor drainage gullies
Bar well 32 Food-waste 50
disposal unit Trapped floor drainage gullies are normally
(industrial connected to branch pipes of 75 mm size or larger
type) and are therefore not subject to seal loss due to
self-siphonage. Infrequent use can however lead to
Sanitary towel 40 total loss of seal due to evaporation. Consequently,
macerator these traps should only be specified for areas
I) Where there are more than seven stalls or a slab of where the usage will ensure that the trap seal is
equivalent length in one range, more than one outlet should maintained (see 5.2.2).
be provided.
6.2. 7 Sinks and washing machines
6.2.4 Bottle traps It is preferable that traps are positioned
This type of trap in which the division between the immediately beneath sink waste outlets, however a
inlet and outlet legs is formed by a dip tube or single trap may receive the discharges from two
vane within the body of the trap, the lower part of adjacent sinks and also from a domestic washing
the trap being removable for access, should be machine and/or dishwasher provided the total
designed to conform to 6.2.1 and 6.2.2. The size of length of pipework joining the waste outlet of the
inlet and outlet should be as given in 6.2.3 and sinks to the trap inlet does not exceed 750 mm.
there should be no reduction in flow area through
17
BS 5572 : 1994
6.3 Discharge pipes and stacks reason, opposed branch connections in the
6.3.1 General horizontal plane to a main branch discharge pipe
It is convenient to deal with branch discharge pipes should be avoided (see 5.2.5).
and discharge stacks separately because of their For a combined branch to which a wash basin is
different performance characteristics. connected, the shape of a tee junction fitting can
Branch discharge pipes and discharge stacks should have an especially significant effect on
be installed inside buildings but for buildings up to performance, unless swept in the direction of flow
three storeys, discharge stacks and branch (see 5.2.2 and 7.2.2. 7).
discharge pipes may be installed externally. 6.3.2.5 Branch pipe connections to discharge
6.3.2 Branch discharge pipes stacks
6.3.2.1 Diameter 6.3.2.5.1 General (see figure 8)
Branch pipes should not be reduced in diameter in Small diameter branch discharge pipes up to 65 mm
the direction of flow. Sizes are given in clauses 7 size may be connected to stacks of 75 mm or larger
and 8. Oversizing branch pipes to avoid by swept or unswept branch connections and some
self-siphonage problems can be uneconomic and change in gradient close to the stack is permissible
can lead to an increased rate of deposit to allow the use of a standard 87 V2 ° branch boss.
umulation (see 5.2.1 and 5.2.5). However; for 32 mm pipes serving wash basins the
root radius should be not greater than 25 mm (see
6.3.2.2 Gradients figure Sb) and the change in gradient should be
The gradient of a branch discharge pipe should be within 250 mm from the stack (see 5.2.2).
uniform and adequate to drain the pipe efficiently. A branch inlet of 75 mm to 150 mm size joining a
Practical considerations usually limit the minimum discharge stack of equal diameter should be swept
gradient to 1 ° or 1 � (18 mm/rn or 22 mm/rn), but in the direction of flow with a radius of not less
0
I
blockage, branches up to 40 mm size joining larger as shown shaded in figure 9. No other branch may
diameter horizontal branches of 100 mm or over be fitted such that its centre line falls inside a
should, if practicable, connect to the upper part of zone, but its centre line may be on the boundary of
the pipe wall of the larger branch. For the same the zone.
18
I
BS 5572 : 1994
Change in gradient
if required
---�
-- �
250mm
max .
. --·-==:!!)
- - ---="'::..::·-:--::;.:......--=""=.
i) Using 8'7 'h O boss when pipe ii) With small radius iii) Without radius
gradient has to be less than 2 Y1 °
(45 mm/m)
b) For branch discharge pipes of 32 mm diameter serving wash basins
Figure 8. Branch discharge pipe connections to discharge stacks
19
BS 5572 : 1994
.,/
50 mm min("" Radius not
not / essential
essential
20
BS 5572 1994
Branch
diameter
75 to 150 Branch
diameter
63 max
200 independent
of stock diameter
A(see table)
21
BS 5572 1994
i) Consider a stack with branch A and its no connection zone, shown shaded
A c
'--------------.zone of branch A
ii) Other branches may be fitted at the same level as A, as shown at B and C Each
branch creates its own no connection zone Only that of branch A is shown in this
diagram,
A
-�-
�--Zone of brunch A
B
A
I
7
I
iii) A branch may also be fitted at D, or elsewhere on the same vertical centre line
Although this would be on the boundaries of the no connection zones of branches A
and C its centre line would not be inside either of them But as branch B has a no
connection zone on the far side of the stack it would not be possible to fit a branch
opposite branch D
b) Examples of permitted connections for prevention of cross flow
Figure 9. Prevention of cross flow (concluded)
22
BS 5572 : 1994
6.3.2. 7 Direct connections to an underground 6.3.3.2 Bends at the base of stacks (see figure lOb)
drain Bends at the base of a discharge stack should be of
large radius, but preferably two 45° large radius
6.3.2. 7.1 Gullies
bends should be used. Increasing the diameter of
It is often convenient on the ground floor of the bend at the base of a stack is an alternative but
buildings to discharge the waste water from some this may oversize the drain and be uneconomic
appliances, e.g. baths, wash basins and sinks, into (see 5.2.2 and 5.2.5).
an external gully. The appliances should be fitted
with suitable traps and the discharge pipes should 6.3.3.3 Branches al the base of stacks (single slack
terminate below the grating but above the water system)
level in the gully Generally, for systems up to five storeys, the
This arrangement usually requires a length of distance between the lowest branch connections
vertical, or near vertical, discharge pipe which can and the invert of the drain should be at least
cause self-siphonage of the trap seals and some 750 mm, but for low rise single dwellings 450 mm
noise. The former is not so likely with baths and is adequate. For larger multi-storey systems it is
sinks because trail off at the end of discharges will better to connect the ground floor appliances into
refill the traps sufficiently but wash basins their own stack or the horizontal drain and not
branches may require venting. However; in suitable directly to the main stack. For buildings over 20
circumstances a resealing trap may be fitted Noisy storeys high it may be necessary for both the
discharges can only be prevented by venting ground and first floor appliances to be so
(see 5.2.2 and 5.2.3). connected (see 5.2.2 and 5.2.5).
6.3.2. 7.2 WC connections 6.3.3.4 Offsets (see figure 11)
WCs can be connected directly to a drain, without Offsets in the wet portion of a discharge stack
individual venting, provided that the vertical should be avoided. When they have to be fitted,
distance from the crown of the trap to the invert large radius bends should be used as described in
of the drain is not more than 1. 5 rn (see 5.2.2) 6.3.3.2 but a ventilation stack may still be
necessary with connection to the discharge stack
6.3.2. 7.3 Stub stacks above and below the offset. Sizes of vent stack for
A stub stack consists of a short straight 100 mm this purpose are given in 7.3.2 and figure 11.
discharge stack with the top closed, preferably Offsets above the topmost appliance or branch
with an access fitting . It can be used to connect connection do not require venting (see 5.2,2 and
various appliances to a drain or discharge stack 5.2.5).
providing the total loading does not exceed 6.3.3.5 Surcharging qf the drain
17 discharge units and the centre line of the WC
branch is not more than 1 5 m and the centre line If the drain, to which the discharge stack is
of the topmost connection is not more than 2.5 m connected, is likely to be affected by surcharging, a
above the invert level of the drain or branch ventilating pipe or stack should be connected to
discharge pipe (see figure lOa) Where one or more the base of the stack above the likely flood level
stub stack connections discharge to a drain, the (see 5.3.3.3) Ventilated systems may require larger
head of that drain should be ventilated by a ventilating stacks. Sizes are given in 7.3.3
ventilating stack or discharge stack that terminates (see 5.2.2).
externally to atmosphere. 6.3.3.6 Intercepting traps
6.3,3 Discharge stacks Intercepting traps are generally no longer used
except for rodent control measures, but if a stack is
6.3.3.1 Diameter to be connected to a drain in which an intercepting
The internal diameter of a discharge stack should trap is fitted, the size of ventilating stack should be
be not less than that of the largest trap or branch as for a surcharged drainage system (see 6.3.3.5
discharge pipe connected to it. The stack vent and 5.2.2).
should be continued to the point of termination
without any reduction in size to the discharge stack 6.3.3. 7 Terminatioii of slack vents (see figure 12)
(see 6.3.3.6), except for one and two storey Stack vents should terminate with a durable
housing where, in certain cases, economies can be clomical cage, or other cover which does not
made by using a 75 mm stack vent without unduly restrict the flow of air, at such a height and
detriment to the performance of the system. Sizes position that foul air does not cause a nuisance or
of discharge stacks are given in clause 7 (see 5.2 health hazard. In general this is achieved if the
and 5.2.5). stack vent is not less than 900 mm above the head
of any window or other opening into a building
within a horizontal distance of 3 m. Stacks should
also be positioned away from parapets and comers
of buildings (see 5.2.2).
23
BS 5572 1994
E
lf:
N
E
1.1"1
......:
a) Stub stack
24
BS 5572 1994
OJ
O'l
'-
o c::{l
x:
..\<::
uU
"'d
OJ
'-
OJ
.c:
o..-
Vl-+-
O C
E a,
..... >
d..1<::
0..,
I- 0
.......
.x.uo
0
...,_
Vl
O'l+-
-0
a, -----
cw
...... a,
·-
c
_g c
0
...... u
c '-
�£
. --- -- - ----
a,
O'l
'-
_gw xu
-= . .CJ. .
Vl
25
BS 5572 : 1994
�Iv
,-------,-- Domical cage
------
L �,
,1 ""
j I I
I I
I
I I
I I
900 mm I I
I I
t
min I I
I !
�Alternative
I.:
: or rangement
I
Window or
other opening Srock Ventilahng stack. To connect
vent to stack vent
Dom1cat cage
Rainwater outlet
Alternative----
arr angement
Vent II at ing----i
-Stack vent
stack
j
26
BS 5572 : 1994
27 !'
I
BS 5672: 1994
a} End of branch
Above spill-over
level of appliance
750 mm---! L........c_. •
max 1
1°min.(18 mmi�· ((venlilating pipe
I 750 mm
mox
Crown of trap
Venlila1ing Discharge
stack ----<o-i ...,___stock Alternolive arrangement
b) Single appliance
j
'
750 rnrn
max
j
Allernative arrangement
28
BS 5572 : 1994
1---A
Above spill- over level
___o_f_aeplionce
1°min
750 mm
mox
29
BS 5572: 1994
Ventila1ing
stock -d
�d
6ilz°
max.
-1°min
{18 mm/m J
enliloting
stack
d1 is same as ventilating stack
D1, ,?: 75 mm (if d is smaller than 50 mm, the method shown in the
right-hand figure is preferable)
L is as small as practicable
a) Cross-connections for discharge stack ventilation
Ventilaling
slack
Lowest
branch
ob;;;.75 mm
b) Bottom of stacks
30
BS 5572: 1994
31
BS 5572 1994
-
0
c
z;
::, 1======1
0
V}
l::::::====--i
QJ
QJ >
> a, V1
0 � QJ
.D
Cl :u '-'
§
>, �:.::
�;;:;: g-
::;: I CJ...
·- .ci 4-
Vl V1 0 Vl
c
Vl
0
..0
s:VI
0
�
<1J
'6b
c:
ui
�
;'!:
c:
s�o (I)
Q)
;:::i (fl
P.
c, 0
tsl
� �
B i:i..
.s....
'(' 'el)
E:::,
E f/l
� <1J ...,
Q)
s :0� 'C
�'-' 5 r::
�
fl)
s BCl
-�
(J)
'CD
"O
c: ....,
0 0
fl) c:
c:0 <1J Q)
......
.;;J
·;;; � v
0 ?; i..
..0
0.
�<1J
!::: tS
0- -0 in
>C
O i3 '-' ...
<1J
f/l
�
'-' Q)
E ..... 3 v
....0
<
(J)
0-
a,
...
V)
<1J <1J
0:: '-'
Q)
·-a ill<1J ill<1J �
'-'
...., lO
E"' '-'
u '-'
u (J) ......
tsl <1J
-< -< �
� u
a Q)
=""
<1J
c:
°'
;:::i
'el)
<:
"'§- 0 ® 0 �
32
BS 5572 : 1994
33
BS 5572 : 1994
Where practicable, items of kitchen equipment radius Alternatively two or more unswept fittings
such as steaming ovens, bains-rnarie, boilers and of not more than 45°, separated by short lengths of
cafe sets should discharge over a drip tray or a pipe, may be used. Bends may be formed on metal
fixed tundish having a trapped outlet connected to pipes, but a relatively large radius may then be
the discharge system. required to ensure that the throat of the bend is
Boiling pans should be drained separately over smooth.
removable tundishcs into trapped gullies. The Typical examples of pipe sizing procedures are
trapped gully should be fitted with a solid hinged given in annex B
flap flush with the floor; the flap kept closed when
not in use {see 5.2.5 and 5.2.7). 7.2 Commonly used arrangements of branch
discharge pipes
6.7.1.3 Grease traps
The use of grease traps should be avoided if 7.2.1 General
practicable Where used, they should be designed The information given below should be used in
and located to promote cooling, coagulation and conjunction with the figures referred to in the text
·ention of the grease within the trap Grease and the general design recommendations in
... aps that have enzyme dosing facilities should be clause G
installed and used in accordance with the 7.2.2 Branch discharge pipes to single
manufacturer's instructions. appliances
They should be sized to achieve maximum
efficiency. The temperature and velocity of flow of 7.2.2.1 Waler closets (see figure 16)
the waste water should allow the grease to WC branches of 75 mm or 100 mm size do not
separate and collect on the surface of the water in normally require venting whatever the length or
the trap reservoir In the standard type of grease the number of bends included in the nm. Bends,
trap the process of separation will be impaired 01 however should have as large a radius as possible to
even prevented by the use of detergents which prevent blockage (sec 5.2.2 and 5.2.5)
emulsify the grease
7.2.2.2 Urinals {see figure 17)
Consideration should also be given to the general
nature of the waste matter discharged, since the The large diameter branch pipes to stall urinals do
reduced flow velocity through the trap will allow not require venting.
solid waste matter in suspension to settle and Branch pipes of 40 mm size serving single urinal
collect in the trap reservoir: bowls arc unlikely to run full bore but, should
Provision "should be made to facilitate the hygienic siphonage occur, the trail off at the end of the
removal and disposal of the grease Provision cistern discharge will refill the trap, making
should also be made for, the trap to be completely venting unnecessary (see 5.2. 2),
ptied and cleaned periodically to prevent the The likelihood of a build-up of deposits means that
uevelopment of septic conditions in the trap all urinal branches should be as short as possible
reservoir and should not exceed 3 m (see 5.2.5 and G.5.4).
Th avoid the risk of food contamination, grease 7.2.2.3 H'ctsh basins, with plug uiaste (see
traps should not be located in food rooms figure 18)
(see 5.2.5 and 5.2.7),
Wash basins are normally fitted with 32 mm
6. 7.2 Hairdressing salons discharge pipes. The length and slope of the
Special fittings should be provided at the outlet of discharge pipes and the number and design of
basins to prevent the ingress of hair into the bends should be strictly controlled ii venting is to
discharge system (see 5.2.5 and 5.2. 7). be avoided Detailed information is given in figure
18a)i and ii. Arrangements outside these strict
design limits should be vented 01 a larger diameter
7 Commonly used pipework pipe used (sec figure 18a)iii and lSb) In situations
arrangements; layout and sizing data where it is impracticable to comply with these
conditions a suitable resealing trap or air
7. I General admittance valve may be fitted (see 5.2.2)
This clause contains data on the sizing of discharge Basins fitted with spray traps and grated wastes
and ventilating pipework and shows commonly i e without plugs, are dealt with in 7.2.3.4.
used pipework arrangements for buildings within
the scope of this standard. All sizes assume a 7,2.2.4 Bidets
reasonable degree of maintenance. Branch discharge pipes to bidets should be
In small discharge pipes up to 50 mm diameter; designed to the recommendations given for wash
changes of direction greater than 45° should be basins with plug wastes in 7.2.2.3.
made by swept fittings of 2::i mm minimum throat
34
BS 5572 1994
35
BS 5572 1994
I
i--����-'-1�� L
'--��-.,..;.l..-,1 I
I I \ f
� .:. .�=e-=--=---:._----.
. 4
o-- -.-!
L
fi 1....--=----:.._-=---=---=-
Swept junction
: : \B - 10
Swept junction
l[t-"-- = =--=--=-------
Dis 40 mm Dis G5 111111
O between IO and 5° O is hel ween IO and 5° ( 18 to no 1111111111)
(18 10 91) 11\111 111) L is as short as possible (:J 111 max )
L is as shot'! as possible (:3 m llHIX ) Trap of 50 or 75 111111 seal depth:
Trup of 75 111111 sr,al dr-pth: Gfi m111 rliumctct
-10 mm dlunu-tci (bovv I t n ,ugh)
GO mm diumetr-t (trough)
a) [ln\\ 1 ·1mugh ur inul h) Slab stall urinal
:-;rn E. ,\II udrlit iunul IH·11ds in I he hor izontnl plnn« should ht· ol laq.\l' radius Atu·ptalilt· ulu-rnnuv« ·s trap anang,·111r·11ts
an· sho1111 h� a dottr-d line ;u1cl cl�·sign limits are as for I' t rup (St,l' also figure 8 fot brunch connection to stuck )
T
Figure 17. Branch discharge pipes for single urinals
t
}
I
36
BS 5572 1994
L
L
50 mm tail
Lande see design curve in a) ii) 0 is between 1 o and 21/!0 (18 to 45 mm/111)
Trap of 75 mm seal depth and 32 mm diameter L is between I '7 m and 3 m Trap of 75 111111 seal depth and
32 nun diameter
i) 32 mm branch discharge pipe NaI'E Recommendations are for wash basins with overflow Up
to two bends may be included in the branch pipe
iii) 40 mm branch discharge pipe
.
CD
7
37
BS 5572 1994
25 mm min.
0.75 m max. L
0 2: 1° (18 mm!m)
L < 3 mm
i) Long 32 mm branch discharge pipes
25 mm min -25mmmin
�
L 0.75 m max.
l
0.75 m max.
e-.-
O�I0(18mmlm) 0 � 1° (18 mm!m)
L<3m L <3m
Trap '75 mm seal depth 32 mm diameter Trap of 75 mm seal depth and 32 mm diameter
ii) Vertical 32 mm or 40 mm branch discharge pipe iii) Alternative arrangement with vertical 32 nun or
40 mm branch discharge pipe
NUI'E 1 Blockage is more likely to occur with long branch pipes.
NUl'E 2 Venting is also required for more than two bends in the horizontal plan in the branch pipes shown in a)
NOTE 3. In all the arrangements shown in a) and b) above, any trap outlet not aligned perpendicularly to the centre
line of the stack will require at least one additional bend.
Nm··E 4 See also figure 8 for branch connection to stack
b) Arrangements requiring ventilating pipes
Figure 18. Branch discharge pipes for single wash basins (concluded)
38
BS 5572 : 1994
7.2.2.5 Sinks and baths (see figure 19) 7.2.2. 7 Combined branches for bath and wash
These appliances are normally fitted with 40 mm basin (see figure 20)
discharge pipes, Self-siphonage is not a problem A common branch serving a bath and wash basin
because of the trap seal replenishment which can be used but self- and induced siphonage of the
occurs at the end of the discharge due to the flat seals can occur and water from the basin may
bottom of the sink or bath. Therefore, length and back-up into the bath if the arrangement is
slope of the discharge pipe are not so critical and incorrectly designed The gradient and length of
venting is not normally required although the the branch and the shape of the branch junction all
maximum length should be restricted to 3 m to have an effect on performance and it is not
reduce the likelihood of blockage from deposits possible to set down general design limits
(see 5.2.2 and 5.2.5). Therefore, tests are usually needed to assess the
7.2.2.6 Waste disposal units behaviour of a particular arrangement but the
layout shown in figure 20 has been proved in
7.2.2.6.1 Food waste disposal units practice and should function satisfactorily
Special precautions are necessary where food waste (see 5.2.2)
disposal units are connected to a discharge system
and any recommendations as to installation given 7.2.2.8 Sliouiers
by the manufacturers should be considered Flow rates from single head showers are small so
A tubular (not bottle or resealing) type trap should that the 40 mm discharge pipe usually fitted does
always be fitted, which is easily accessible for not require venting. However difficulties may arise
cleaning. A discharge pipe from such a unit should in achieving a self-cleansing velocity and adequate
be not less than 40 mm size for household types provision should be made for cleaning (see 5,2.2,
5.2.5 and 5.2.7).
and not less than 50 mm for industrial types, and
should be as short as practicable, connecting Multiple head showers may produce considerable
directly to a main discharge pipe or stack. The flow rates (See table 2 )
discharge pipe gradient should be at least 7 Vi O 7.2.2,9 Domestic automatic washing machines
(135 mm/rn) to the horizontal, although steeper and dish washing machines (see figure 21)
gradients are advisable, and any bends should be of Requirements may vary slightly but the
large radius. It is an advantage, especially with arrangements shown in figure 21 should suit most
industrial installations, if other appliances can be machines. A 40 mm size discharge pipe is
connected to the discharge pipe upstream of the necessary, which can be connected either directly
waste disposal unit connection, to assist transport to a discharge stack OI gully, or to a sink branch
of the waste material. The discharge pipe or stack pipe Normally a trap should be fitted in the
should connect directly to a drain without an horizontal section of the discharge pipe but this is
intervening gully trap {see 5.2.5). not required for connections via a sink branch
Tu avoid hot grease being canied into discharge pipe, when made at the inlet of a sink trap using a
pipes and drains, where it might build-up and suitable fitting (see 5.2.2)
cause blockages, food waste disposal units should Nan;; Some of the arrangements in figure 21 show loose
always be connected to the cold water supply to connections between the machine drain hose and discharge
pipe. Some machines require this ail break to prevent
solidify grease before it enters the drainage system, siphonage of water from the machine during operation
Further information on these units is given in 6. 7.1 However, if the discharge pipe develops a blockage, water will
(see 5.2.5). overflow during the emptying cycle This can also occur with
the method in which the sink discharge pipe is used
7.2.2.6.2 Sanitary towel disposal usiits
7.2.2.10 Floor drainage qullies
Special precautions are necessary where sanitary
towel disposal units are connected to a discharge Branch pipes from floor drainage gullies are
system and any recommendations as to installation normally 75 mm size 01 larger and do not generally
given by the manufacturers should be considered. run full. Consequently, venting is not normally
required and the slope and length of the branch is
A tubular (not bottle or resealing) type trap should not critical (see 5.2.2).
always be fitted, which is easily accessible for
cleaning. A discharge pipe from such a unit should 7.2.3 Branch discharge pipes for ranges of
be not less than 40 mm size and should be as short appliances
as practicable, connecting directly to a main NarE The pipe sizes given in 7.2.3.1 to 7.2.3.4 are based on
congested usage and a criterion of satisfactory service of 99 \•,;
discharge pipe or stack The discharge pipe
gradient should be at least 3° (54 mm/m) to the 7.2.3.1 Ranges qf WCs (see figure 22)
horizontal, although steeper gradients are Branch pipes serving ranges of WCs are normally
advisable, and any bends should be of large radius. 100 mm size and there is usually no need for
It is an advantage if other appliances can be branch venting. Length and slope are not critical
connected to the discharge pipe upstream of the but venting may be necessary where there are
disposal unit connection, to assist with the several bends in the branch pipe or more than
discharge of the waste material. The discharge pipe eight WCs are connected (see 5.2.2),
or stack should connect directly to a drain without
an intervening gully trap (see 5.2.5)
39
BS 5572 : 1994
- --
-- -, \
L
I I
I I
I I
Te--
b) 'P' and ·s· trap arrangements with vertical 40 mm diameter branch discharge pipes
Figure 19. Branch discharge pipes for single baths and sinks
40
BS 5572 : 1994
1.0 mm
40 mm 40mm
--i--- --
21120 min (45 mm/m)
NOT'E 1 A bend in the horizontal plane can be included in the 40 mm pipe (Minimum radius 150 mm to centre
line )
NOTE 2 Any deviation from the dimensions (and limits) shown may cause self-siphonage or back flow into the bath
NOTE 3 Resealing traps can be used instead of venting but noisy bath and wash basin discharge may result
NOT'E 4 See also figure 8 for branch connection to stack
Figure, 20. Combined branch discharge pipe arrangement for a bath and wash basin
41
BS 5572: 1994
n
a) Without venting
H
({
I I
I I
LJ-Togully
Dis 40 mm
O is 1 ° to 2Vi0 (18 to 45 rnrn.m)
L<3m
If is 600 mm to 900 mm (depends on washing or dish washing machine
design)
Trap of '75 mm seal depth and 40 mm diameter
b) With venting
42
BS 5572 1994
�
Machine
hose
'
Proprietor� I I
I .
I:
filling I I
r
,,
!
1 I
To gully
·I l
I I
u
Dis 40 mm (see also figure 19 for details of sink discharge pipe design)
c) Connection to sink discharge pipe
Al ternotive
connect ion
r---
'I
I
I
I I -To gully
r, -.:.::J
Dis 40 mm
O is 1 ° to 2Yi0 (18 to ,15 111111/m)
L<3m
Trap
d) Machines with low level outlets
NafE 1 In arrangement a), blockage in branch or trap will cause over flow through air gap
In arrangement b) blockage in branch or trap will cause water to be discharged through the
ventilating pipe Hence terminate ventilating pipe outside building or over another
appliance In arrangement d), blockage in sink discharge pipe or trap will cause machine
water to back up into the sink
NOTE 2 Large dish washing machines (as used in restaurant kitchens) may have waste
outlets which may limit the trap seal depths. Traps beneath machines should be located in
an accessible position and where less than 75 mm seal depths are used, care should ·he taken
to ensure at least 25 mm water seal is retained in the trap after every discharge (see 5.2.2)
Figure 21. Branch discharge pipes for washing and dish washing
machines (concluded)
43
BS 5572 : 1994
- 1 f[
---....{ \.
l 25 mm min
50 mm lo above spill- over level of WC pan
---::1 l------------L----------------1
I I
I I
I I D
-------
44
BS 5572: 1994
l l
H
45
BS 5572 1994
Slope a1
View A-A
L
Dis 50 mm
D1 is 40 mm
O is 1 ° to 5° (18 to 90 mm/m)
01 is 1° to 2\/1° (18 to 45 mm/m)
L is as short as practicable commensurate with activity space requirements
LI is as short as practicable
Trap of 75 mm seal depth and 40 mm diameter
Any bends should be of large radius
a) Bowl urinal
NOTE See also figure 8 for branch connections to stack.
Figure 23. Branch discharge pipes for ranges of urinals
46
BS 5572 1994
47
BS 5572 : 1994
11
--l 1-- 25 mm min
11
11
11
11 r--A
11
11
11
I View A-A
11
11
l I
--·�
D
L,
L
Dis 50 mm
D1 is 32 mm
O is 1 ° to 2Vz0 (18 to 45 mm/m)
01 is 1° lo 2!/i0 (18 to 45 mm/m)
L1is075m(max)
48
BS 5572 : 1994
25mm min_
A
25 mm min
View A- A
Figure 24. Branch discharge pipes for ranges of wash basins (concluded)
49
BS 5572 : 1994
View A-A
�A
L
D, D1 is 32 mm
0, 01 isl" to 2Y2" (18 to 45 mrn/rn)
Lis as short as practicable (4 5 m max )
L1 is as short as practicable
Trap of 50 mm minimum seal depth and 32 mm diameter with flush grated waste and swept junction should be used (see 6.2.2)
Any additional bends in the horizontal plane should be of large radius
NarE. For more than five basins or with L greater than 4 5 m use 25 mm ventilating pipe as shown See also figure 8 for branch
connection to stack
\
jure 25. Branch discharge pipes for ranges of spray tap basins (without plugs)
50
BS 5572: 1994
7.3 Discharge stack, branch and ventilating 7.3,1.3 Conversion table for stacks serving WCs,
pipe relationships for common arrangements of basins and urinals
appliances Table 5 includes a conversion table to enable
systems serving wash basins, WCs and urinals to be
7.3.1 Stack sizing sized for commercial or congested usage. It gives
7.3. L 1 General four examples of WC/urinal/wash basin
Arrangements of appliances in bungalows and two combinations that may be taken as hydraulically
and three storey houses are assumed to be as in equivalent to WC/wash basin combinations in
figure 26, arrangements Aa, Ab, Ac, Ba and Bb, table 5
and appropriate discharge stack sizes are inset in 7.3.2 Ventilating stack sizes for offsets in
each case. Any of the branch entry shapes shown discharge stacks (see 6.3.3.4)
in figure 8c) may be used for these arrangements.
Offsets in the wet portion of a discharge stack
Arrangements of appliances Ca, Cb, Da, Db, Eb generally require the connection of a ventilating
and Ee are of a kind often repeated on several stack, the diameter of which should be half the
floors of a building Table 5 gives sizes of discharge diameter of the discharge stack. For systems
and ventilating pipes and stacks for these (see requiring a larger ventilating stack, see 7.3.3.
figure 26). However; when offsets are fitted to systems with
7. 3.1. 2 Assumptions only a few appliances connected, up to three
storeys in height, no additional venting is needed
The following assumptions apply together with but large radius bends as described in 6.3.3.4 are
those given in 7.1 and 7.2.1: then essential and the distance between the centre
a) a criterion of satisfactory service of 99 % ; lines of the nearest branch connections and the
b) there are no offsets in the discharge stack offset should be at least 750 mm (see 5.2.2).
below the topmost appliance connection and the 7.3.3 Ventilating pipe sizes for drainage
stack is truly vertical; the additional ventilating systems affected by surcharging or by inclusion
pipework needed with offsets is given in 7.3.2; of intercepting traps (see 6.3.3.5 and 6.3.3.6)
c) WCs have cistern capacities up to 9 l; Discharge stacks connected to drains which are
d) the drain serving the base of the stack is not likely to surcharge, or connect close to an
likely to be surcharged and an intercepting trap intercepting trap, may require large diameter
is not titted. Additional venting is needed if ventilating pipes, at least 75 mm size for a 100 mm
these conditions apply (see 7.3.3); discharge stack and 100 mm size for a 150 mm
e) the branch discharge pipe sizes are as given discharge stack (see 5.2.2)
in 7.2.
An 'appliance group' is as follows:
51
J.,
.l
BS 5572 : 1994
Stack
Sink
Wash basin
Bath
'P'{rcp we 'p' trap
-.....&----------1. 'P'trop
�����--,-,�.....,.....,....,�-;z;zzzzzzz22zzzzzzzzzzz1zzzzzz
Alternative to
external gully
25 mm
ventilating
pipe�
branch pipe and with
a ventilating pipe )
1,
1
I Wash
i ��::-�/
r\.. __ Sink basin
.l._ 1
j
. :
---------
___ . __ . - u
----
I _.!.----�"
Ln
!
i.
I ·p· trap
2Z:....,...,,-r-r-,-"T""7"?_,.....,.....,-.,��--r-1-.,__,....,....,...,....,.-.;,zzzzzzzzzzzzozvzozzzzzzzzz_,_,z...,z....,z.....,zzz;
I 'p' trap
52
BS 5572: 1994
Sink
P'trop 'p'trap
p,ii'
WC
'p'trap
77777/ 2711 / 127;
I
I I
I I
Sink
Wash basin
'P'trcp
77777777272
53
BS 5572 : 1994
Stack
Bath
WC 'p'trap
'R' tr�
7ZZZZZZZZZZVZZZZZZZZZZZi ,
Sink
Alternative
arrangement
'P'trcp
WC 'p't raprWC
-- -,__II
) /,J
1'1 {
7ZZZZZZZZZZZZZ7ZZZu J_/..../.../_.C...,uzz I izzzzzzzzzzzzz
'P'Irnp I 'S'Irnp
I
I
I
i
i
54
I
�
BS 5572 : 1994
i
I
Wash basin with
Ventilating pipe a long branch
Stack
-.L-.------------------1 pipe and with a
I
IWash basin :I ven til1 0 t'ing pipe
.
I
I
I. c::··--·-<"
, .... __7
··-,··
WC
.... ---� 'P'trop
... ---�-----"'--
-1.. .. -··,'
•.J
'P'trcp WC
\h'S't
-z�/�/�/�/�/::;::;/�/�/�/�Z�Z�Z�Z�Z�Z�Z�Z�,��1,//:/>ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ//c
I I
I I
I I
55
..
BS 5572 : 1994
------·-l -------
I Ventilating
[ stack
I
I
I
I
I
Sink
I Wash basin
I Bath
I
'P'trop WC r -1 'p' trap
I I
I 'P'trco
..L..L..L..L..L..L..L..L.......,_�,L--L-..,_,._.....,_ :ZIZZZZZZZZZZ/27 7777 77777777///.
'P'trcp 1
I
Arrangement Ca
-1-
, Ventilating
I stack
l
I Wash basin with
I a long branch
I pipe. an� wit� a
:·\��h b��:---------i l
25 mm ventilating pipe ventilating pipe
L
Sink
---------o:th �
1 , �;;_;;7
I __ L.;,-
WC c: : --
56
BS 5572 : 1994
I
I·
Ventilating
stack
Wash basin
WC
r- -1
I
I
I
Shower
2.,I --r:r-r-�,-,-.,...,..-,-,.-,--/"..,...,...,..,..."7"7---h·,-,.
'p' trap I
I
Ii I
Arrangement Da
1.
pipe_ a�� wit� a
L_ 25 mm ventilating pipe ventilotinq pipe
basin - - ------)!.
i-�] Wosh �... -.:.::;i
'P'trcp.. __ ...
J 1
I
WC
I
________ _J_.
..
--iT., ..
/
Shower
Arrangement Db
Arrangement D Multi-storey halls of residence
57
r i BS 5572 : 1994
I
I
I
Ventilating
stack
I
I
I
I
I
I
.-----!
I
c;=:=::;:i ::z·
Up to 4 wash basins
Arrangement Ea
58
BS 5572 : 1994
I Ventilating
I stock
I
I
I
Alternative vent
connections
� 25 m�entilating_p 4 t-,
I I
Sr:'JS?
Up to 5 wash basins
t-------- - WCs
�
[
'P'traps
I
I
2! 1zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz;
�-....ii...--...1.._-1-:i- Urinal branch ('S'or'P' traps)
's' trnps or 'p' traps
can be used
Arrangement Eb
NCYI'E Only 5 WCs and 5 wash basins per floor· are referred to in table 5 on ventilating stack sizes
Alternative vent
connections
5 wash
i;::::===;i basins
59
BS 5572 1994
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60
BS 5572: 1994
8 Pipe sizing using discharge unit branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of
discharge units permissible for a given pipe or stack
method diameter can be stated However, this discharge
NCYrE. For· background see Burberry and Griffiths [ 12) unit method cannot give guidance on the venting
8.1 General requirements as it is based entirely on hydraulic
loadings and not on the pressures developed within
This method can be used for special installations, the stack Consequently, one of the tables 6 7
e. g systems for very tall or large buildings, not o� 8, as appropriate, giving approximate ve1;tilating
covered by the data in 7.3. A criterion of pipe and stack sizes, should be used with this data
satisfactory service of 99. 5 96 is assumed. In this Table 9 shows vent pipe sizes increasing with size
method, numerical values are assigned to sanitary
of discharge stack This is usually a safe assumption
appliances to express their load producing but it can lead to oversized ventilating systems in
properties. By fixing a flow limit of one-quarter
some cases (see 5.2.1 and 5.2.2).
capacity for the discharge stacks (larger flows will
NOTE The flow and usage data and design limits specified in
cause plug flow giving rise to uncontrollable clause 5 are assumed in all parts of clause 8
pressure fluctuations) and one-half capacity for
61
BS 5572 : 1994
Tobie 6. Discharge unit values and flow rates for common appliances
Type of appliance Minimum interval of discharge Discharge units
min
Washdown WC with 20 7
9 1 high or low level cistern 1) 10 14
5 27
Washdown WC with 20 6
7. 5 1 high or low level cistern 1) 10 12
5 24
Washdown WC with 20 6
6 I high or low level cistern 10 11
5 23
Washdown WC with 20 4
l close coupled cistern I) 10 8
5 16
Washdown WC with 20 4
7. 5 l close coupled cistern 1) 10 7
5 14
Washdown WC with 20 3
6 l close coupled cistern 10 6
5 11
Washdown WC fitted with a macerator Add 0. 4 Js-1 per unit < 1 See note
Urinal (per person unit) Adel O 15 ls-1 per unit < 1 See note
Wash basin (32 mm branch) 20 1
10 3
5 5
Sink ( 40 mm branch) 20 7
10 13
' 5 26
uath ( 40 mm branch) 75 (domestic) 7
30 ( congested) 17
Spray tap basin Add O 06 ls-1 per tap < 1 See note
Electric shower Add 0. 07 ls- I per unit < 1 See note
Low pressure shower Add 0.15 Js- 1 per spray head < 1 See note
(per spray head)
High pressure shower J Add 0.15 - 0 35 Js-1 < 1 See note
(per spray head) per spray head
Automatic washing machine 250 (domestic) 3
4 (commercial/congested) 18
Dishwashing machine Add 0. 25 ls- I per unit < 1 See note
One group consisting of: 14
one WC (7. 5 1), one bath, one or two basins, one
sink and a washing machine
ll British Standard WC cistern capacities have the following tolerances:
9 ± 0 5 I (BS 1125), 7 5 + 0 - 0 5 l (BS 7357)
NOTE. Where such appliances are used the total flow, from those that are likely to discharge at the same time (as determined by
suitable probability calculations), should be calculated and added to the flow equivalent to the total discharge units of the other
appliances (obtained from figure 27) producing the design flow rate, or design loading, that can be used in tables 7 and 8.
62
BS 5572 : 1994
100
50
I /
40
30
Approximate curve for stacks
for mixed appliances v v
[ including WC s J vv
I/
20
L---'
� --1
10 �
»>
c l..--"" -- _..,,,..
---, ----
01
--
vi 5
QI
Cl ____.,- �pproximale curve
4 1--"'"" for slacks for mixed
I I ! »>
-
appliances. but no WC s
3
I! I -. _...
u-:
2
-trl--
i
i--� 'I
1100
-
200 300 400 500
l 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000 20000
(10) (201 (30) (401 (50) (100) (200) (300) {l.00) (500)
looding(in discharge units l
NarE. The upper units in the horizontal scale relate to the curve for appliances including WCs and the lower units in
parentheses relate to the curve for appliances without WCs
Figure 27. Design flows for stacks serving mixed types of appliances with and without WCs
9.2 Support and fixing of pipes between discharges if the flow in the pipe is small
\
and intermittent This might cause a build-up of
L 1 General deposit in the pipe and bring about pipe blockage.
Any external pipework or materials which require The ambient temperature in the ducts should be
protection against atmospheric corrosion should be controlled to prevent this happening. In situations
so fixed as to give free access, all round the pipe, where the discharge pipe is receiving hot water;
for the application of paint or other protective high ambient temperatures will inhibit heat loss
coating The minimum clearance for this purpose through the pipe wall. Consideration should be
between the pipe and structure should be 30 mm given to insulating discharge pipes. (See 5.2.5.)
and, generally, such pipes should not be fixed in Hot water pipes in the vicinity of discharge pipes
chases or internal angles All fixings should be should be insulated against heat transfer:
carefully aligned and either accurately plugged to
the wall or built in and secured (see 5.2.6 and Where pipes pass through walls or solid floors, they
5.2.7) should be protected by a layer of inert material.
Suitable fire stops should be fitted where
The fixing and provision for thermal movement of appropriate
pipework in ducts requires special consideration,
Ducts should be large enough to allow for the pipe Alternatively, the pipes may be accommodated in
to be fixed at the gradients given in 6.3 without sleeves of inert material which should extend
adversely affecting access as recommended in 6.5. through the full finished thickness of the floor or j
wall and be secured against movement (see 5.2.6). I
Discharge pipes, if located in ducts with high
ambient temperatures, are liable to dry out The recommended spacings for pipe fixings are set
out in table 10 l
J
64
BS 5572 : 1994
63
.. '
I
,......
�. ,;·;.�
..
BS 5572 : 1994
trJ
I .
·.
ff
pipes
mm m m
,
Acrylonitrile butadiene sytrene ABS 32 1.2 0.5
40 1.2 0.5
,.�
" 50 1. 2 0.6
Cast iron All sizes 3.0 3.0
Copper 25 2.4 1 8
32 to 40 30 2.4
50 3.0 2.7
65 to 100 37 3 0
Galvanized steel 25 3O 2.4
32 3.0 2.7
40 to 50 3.7 3.0
65 to 75 4.6 3.7
100 4.6 4.0
Polyethylene PE 32 to 40 1.2 0.5
50 1 2 0.6
Modified unplasticlzed polyvinyl chloride MUPVC 32 to 40 1 2 0.5
50 1.2 0.6
Polypropylene PP 32 to 40 1.2 05
50 1. 2 0.6
Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride PVC- U 32 to 40 1.2 0.5
50 1 2 06
75 to 100 1.8 0.9
\
150 1.8 L2
Borosilicate glass (see note 1) 25 1.0 1 0
40 to 75 1.2 1.2
100 1. 5 1 4
150 1 8 1 8
Stainless steel (see note 2) All sizes 20 2.0
Nam 1 Where two or more fittings are adjacent 011 low gradient pipes, additional fixing should be pruvided
NGl''E 2 Supports should be located close to and downstream of sockets Additional supports an· recommended at lune lions and
changes of direction.
65
BS 5572 : 1994
9.2.3.2 Copper tubes All access covers and cleaning eyes should be fitted
The following fixing methods may be used: at the time of installation and be finally fixed and
sealed after testing (see 5.2.4).
a) copper alloy holder bats for building in, or
screwing to the structure;
b) pipe clips of copper; copper alloy, plastics or 10 Inspection and testing of completed
other suitable material; installations
c) purpose-made straps or hangers. 10. 1 General
9.2.3 . 3 Galvanized steel tubes Inspections and tests should be made during the
The following fixing methods may be used: installation of the discharge system as the work
a) malleable iron schoolboard pattern brackets proceeds, to ensure that the pipework is properly
for building in, or screwing to the structure; secured and clear of obstructing debris and
superfluous matter and that all work which is to be
b) malleable iron pipe rings, with either back concealed is free from defects before it is finally
plates or girder clips; enclosed (see 5.2.2, 5.2.4, 5.2.5 and 5.2.9)
c) purpose-made straps or hangers. Prefabricated units should be tested at the works
..,,2.3.4 Plastics pipes or place of fabrication, and inspected on delivery
at the site.
Holderbats of metal, plastics coated metal or
suitable plastics material may be used for fixing 10.2 Final inspection
plastics pipes, but care should be taken to ensure On completion, the discharge system should be
that the pipe clip does not bite into the external meticulously inspected to ensure that the
surface of the pipe when tightened. Where anchor recommendations of this British Standard have
points are required to control thermal movement, been observed and that no cement droppings,
the holderbats are usually fitted on the pipe rubble or other objects are left in or on the pipes
sockets between special ribs Intermediate guide and that no jointing material projects into the pipe
brackets fitted to the pipe barrel should allow bore, When this has been done, tests for soundness
thermal movement to take place. of the pipework and for performance should be
In multi-storey dwellings, vertical pipes should be made {see 5.2.5)
supported by metal brackets because of their
greater fire resistance. 10.3 Testing
66
I
->
"'
i>
BS 5572 : 1994
.
,.,,
is then closed and pressure in the system should 10.3.3.2 Tests for self-siplumaqe and induced
remain constant for a period of not less than 3 min, siphonage in branch discharge pipes
Th test for the effect of self-siphonage the
10.3.2 Leak location appliance should be filled to overflowing level and
NOTE Defects revealed by an air test may be located by the discharged by removing the plug; WC pans should
methods given in 10.3.2.1 to 10.3,.2 .. 3.
be flushed The seal remaining in the trap should
10,3.2.1 Smoke be measured when the discharge has finished.
A smoke producing machine may be used which Ranges of appliances, connected to a common
will introduce smoke under pressure into the discharge pipe, should also be tested for induced
defective pipework. Leakage may be observed as siphonage in a similar way The number of
the smoke escapes. Smoke cartridges containing appliances which should be discharged together is
special chemicals should be used with caution, given in table 11. The seal remaining in all the
taking care that the ignited cartridge is not in traps should be measured at the end of the
direct contact with the pipework and that the discharge. The worst conditions usually occur when
products of combustion do not have a harmful the appliances at the upstream end of the
effect upon the materials used for the discharge discharge pipe are discharged (see 5.2,2 and 5.2.3).
pipe system. 10.3.3.3 Test.for induced siphon.age and back
Smoke testing of plastics pipework should be pressure 'in discharge stacks
avoided due to naptha having a detrimental effect, A selection of appliances connected to the stack
particularly on ABS, PVC-U and MUPVG. Rubber should be discharged simultaneously and the trap
jointing components can also be adversely affected. and seal losses due to positive or negative pressures
10.3.2.2 Soap solution in the stack should be noted These selected
appliances should normally be close to the top of
With the pipework subjected to an internal the stack and on adjacent floors, as this gives the
pressure using the smoke machine or the method worst pressure conditions. Table 11 shows the
described in 10. 3, 1, a soap solution can be applied number of appliances which should be discharged
to the pipes and joints Leakage can be detected by simultaneously (see 5.2.2 and 5.2.3).
the formation of bubbles.
As an example, for a block of flats nine storeys
10.3.2.3 Water test high with the stack serving one WC, one wash
There is no justification for a water test to be basin, one sink and one bath on each floor, the test
applied to the whole of the plumbing system. The would consist of one WC, one wash basin and one
part of the system mainly at risk is that below the sink being discharged simultaneously on the top
lowest sanitary appliance and this may be tested by floor; Where the stack served two WCs, two wash
inserting a test plug in the lower end of the pipe basins, two baths and two sinks on each floor, the
and filling the pipe with water up to the flood level discharge test would consist of one WC, one wash
of the lowest' sanitary appliance, provided that the basin and two sinks. The WC, wash basin and one
static head does not exceed 6 m. sink would be discharged on the top floor and the
remaining sink on the floor immediately below.
10.3.3 Performance tests
For the purpose of this test, baths are ignored as
10.3.3.1 General their use is spread over a relatively long period and
All appliances, whether discharged singly or in consequently they do not add materially to the
groups, should drain speedily, quietly and normal peak flow on which table 11 is based
completely (see 5.2.1, 5.2.2, and 5.2.3), Where a stack serves baths only, the number to be
discharged simultaneously in a test should be taken
Th ensure that adequate water seals are retained to be the same as for sinks. Flows from showers are
during peak working conditions the tests described small and these can usually be ignored for stacks
below should be carried out. After each test a serving mixed appliances Similarly for
minimum of 25 mm of water seal should be non-domestic buildings spray tap basins and urinals
retained in every trap. Each test should be need not be included in the test when the stack
repeated at least three times, the trap or traps
also serves other appliances.
being recharged before each test The maximum
loss of seal in any one test, measured by a dip stick
or small diameter transparent tube, should be
taken as the significant result
-1
,j
'
67
BS 5572: 1994
68
I
BS 5572: 1994
11.2 Cleaning and descaling mirrors are fixed over the basins, hair combings
washed into the waste pipes will combine with the
11.2.1 Types of blockage or deposit and method grease and soap residues and considerably increase
of removal the risk of blockage.
11.2.1.1 Deposits due to misuse of the discharge 11.2.2 Cleaning and descaling techniques
system
11.2.2.1 Plunger
Complete or partial blockages due to large objects
or compacted masses, such as toilet paper and This is a simple means of clearing a slight blockage
sanitary towels, can usually be loosened by in a sink or basin branch pipe and trap or even a
rodding. All such material should be removed from WC
the system at the nearest access point. 11.2.2.2 Rods
1·
11.2.1.2 Lime scale This is the traditional method of clearing blockages.
A number of devices are available for the end of
In hard water districts where heavy lime scale
the rod, for example, scrapers, plungers and
accumulations are observed on the surface of the
sanitary appliances, similar lime scale deposits may brushes These are suitable for cleaning pipes of
75 mm size and larger where only moderate
term in the discharge stacks and pipes. The worst
flexibility is required to introduce the rods into the
condition will be found in the stacks and pipes
from urinals where precipitation of lime generated pipework Mechanically rotated versions are also
available.
by the reaction of mine in contact with hard water
accelerates the process of scale formation, In these 11.2.2.3 Kinetic ram
situations, conditions can be further aggravated by The kinetic ram gun can be usefully employed for i
the residue from abrasive cleaning powders used in the removal of obstructions in branch pipes I
the cleaning of sanitary appliances which may i.
provided its function and its limitations are
combine with the lime precipitate culminating in
complete blockage of the pipe.
properly understood. The function of the gun is
based on the principle that the impact of !lp
Recurring scale formations of this type are best compressed air against a column of water behind a
:1
dealt with by periodic de-scaling of the system blockage will create a shock wave which is \;
using suitably inhibited acid-based cleaners (see transmitted to the obstruction to dislodge and 1!
11.2.2.5). The discharge stacks and pipes should be remove it. A stubborn blockage can, however; ,.I.
inspected periodically and the rate of scale produce a blow-back of the gun and injure the i'
!)
formation noted. The required frequency of operator; or damage pipework and appliances not
treatment and the strength of acid required to designed to withstand the pressure applied AAVs lt"
soften the scale can then be established and should be removed before a kinetic ram gun is used
included on a planned maintenance schedule. It as undue pressures and blow-back may cause
should not be necessary to repeat the treatment malfunction. On completion, the AAV should be
more than three or four times a year; correctly replaced, When AAVs are permanently l:
Where lime scale encrustation in a urinal discharge fixed, ram guns should not be used. Where there a
pipe is very heavy, to the point of almost total are open branches on the system, waste matter ii
blockage, the obstruction can sometimes be may be forced out of the openings and damage wall :I
softened and removed by the application of an acid and ceiling decorations. The use of the gun on I
plumbing installations should be generally .I
drip feed method (see 11.2.2.5). In severe cases it
may be necessary to repeat the process to ensure restricted to the removal of blockages consisting of
that all deposits are removed compacted soft material, e .g grease, soap residue
and saturated paper.
Nam Reference should be made to COSHH Regulations [8).
11.2.2.4 Coring and scrapinq
11.2.1.3 Accumulation of grease and soap residues
Coring of the pipe can be considered in pipes of'
Obstructions in discharge pipes and traps caused by 100 mm size and over; where the pipe bore is
accumulations of grease and soap residues can severely restricted or even completely blocked with
often be partially removed by use of a plunger, but hard lime scale or similar material. However; the
a more effective treatment is by flushing the pipe material should first be ascertained to ensure
system with a strong solution of soda crystals that damage will not result.
dissolved in hot water (see 11.2.2.5). The process is
easy to carry out and once the required frequency The process involves the use of a purpose-made
of treatment has been established it can be applied rotating steel cutter on a flexible drive which can
as a routine periodic service. Blockages of this type be pushed into the pipe to cut through the
are mostly found in long discharge pipes from sinks obstructions. Peripheral accumulations of grease
01 wash basins, especially in soft water areas and
and other gelatinous formations in pipes of these
where the rate of flow in the pipe falls below that sizes can generally be removed satisfactorily by the
required to sustain a self-cleansing velocity. Where periodic use of profile scrapers attached to ropes
and pulled through the pipe.
69
BS 5572 : 1994
70
BS 5572 : 1994
Annexes
� �
�: .
'.
i
j
.\ ! Annex A (normative) BS 1845 Specification for filler metals
'it for brazing
·. I Publications specifying materials,
� I BS 1876 Specification for automatic
' components and appliances
is i flushing cisternsfor urinals
BS 21 Specification for pipe threads BS 2494 Specification for elastomeric
f..'
; '!
for tubes and fittings where sealsfor joints in pipework
t I
71
BS 5572: 1994 Annex A
·r
I
r
I
I
i
I
I
BS 5255 Specifica tion for· BS 5619 Code of practice for design of
thermoplastics waste pipe housing for the convenience
and fittings of disabled people
BS 5503 Vitreous china ioasluioum BS 5627 Specification. for pl astics
WC pans with horizontal connectors for use with
outlet horizontal outlet vitreous
BS 5503 : Part 1 Connecting dimensions china WC pans
BS 5503 : Part 2 Materials, quality, BS 5810 Code of practice for access for
performance and dimensions the disabled to buildinqs
other than. connectinq BS 6087 Specification for flexible
dimensions joints for grey or ductile cast
BS 5503 : Part 3 Specification for WC pans iron drainpipes and fittings
with horizontal outlet for me (BS 437) and for discharge
with 7 5 L maximumflusli and ventilating pipes and
capacity cisterns fittings (BS 416)
....,.:, 5504 f·Vall hung WC pans BS 6100 Glossary of buildinq and
civil engineering terms
BS 5504 : Part 1 Wall hung WC pan untt: close
coupled cistern. Connecting BS 6100 : Part 2 Civil engineering
dimensions BS 6100: Public health
BS 5504 : Part 2 Wall hung WC pan with Section 2. 7 Environmental engineering
independent water supply BS 6100 : Part 2 Services
Connecting dimensions BS 6100:
BS 5504 : Part 3 Materials, quality and Section 3.3 Sanitation
functional dimensions other BS 6209 Specification. for solvent
than connecting dimensions
cement for non-pressure
BS 5504 : Part 4 Specification for wall hung thermoplastics pipe systems
WC pans for use urith. 7. 5 L BS 6367 Code of practice for drainage
maximum flush. capacity ofroofs and paved a.reas
cisterns
BS 6437 Specificaiio n. for polyethylene
BS 5505 Specification. for bidets pipes (type 50) in metric
BS 5505 : Part 1 Pedestal bidets over rim. diameters for general
supply only Connecting purposes
dimensions BS 6465 Sarutaru installations
BS 5505 : Patt 2 Wall hung bidets, over rim Part 1 Code cf practicefor scale qf
supply only Connecting ·
dimensions provision, selection and
installation qf saniuu y
BS 5505 : Part 3 Vitreous china bidets over appliances
rim supply only Quality, BS 6700 Specification for design,
workmanship and functional
installation; testing and
dimensions other than
mainienamce qf services
connecting dimensions
':.UJ)plylng unite: · for domestic
BS 5506 Specification. for wash basins use untliin buildinqs and
BS 5506 : Part 1 Pedestal wash basins. their curtilaqes
Connecting dimensions BS 6731 Specification for wall hung
BS 5506 : Part 2 Wall hung wash basins. hand rinse basins.
Connecting dimensions Connectinq dimensions
BS 5506 : Part 3 Wash basins ( one or three tap BS 7357 Specification. for 7. 5 L WC
holes). Materials, quality, }lushing cisterns
design and construction BS 7358 Specification. for close
BS 5520 Specification for vitreous coupled suites with flush
china bowl urinals {rimless capacity oj 7. 5 L maximum
type)
72
Annex A BS 5572 : 1994
BS 7671 Requirements for electrical block of offices serving three WCs, three wash
installaticns. IEE Wiring basins and three urinals per floor:
Requlations. Sixteenth B.2.2 Procedure
edit-ion
a) Branch pipe sizes are given in 7.2. Suppose
BS 8000 Workmanship on building that the number of bends used means that
sites branch ventilating pipework connected to the
BS 8000: Code of practice for above end of the main branch discharge pipe is needed
Part 13 qrourul drainage and for the basin discharge pipes.
sanitary appliances b) Refer to 7.3 and in particular to figure 26
BS 8301 Code of practice for buildinq Arrangement Eb corresponds to the layout
drainaqe required, therefore table 5 can be used for sizing
the pipework.
BS 8313 Code of practice for
accommodation q( lmilding c) In table 5, refer to the conversion table. Three
services in ducts WCs, three basins and three urinals per floor can
be assumed to be approximately equivalent to
CP 312 Code qf practice for plastics four WCs and four wash basins per floor.
pipework (thermoplastics
NCYfE. Approximations such as this are safe us long as the
material) nearest higher number of groups is used e g for table 5 for;
say, two WCs and three wash basins per floor, use the three
WCs and three basins group
Annex B (informative) d) Using table 5, for a 100 mm discharge stack,
Examples of pipe sizing procedures commercial usage, number of floors 5 to 8, in
arrangement Eb, the ventilating stack size for
RI Example 1 four groups of appliances per f1001 (i e. four WCs
B.Ll Task and four wash basins per floor) is 40 mm; i e. a
ventilated system can be used.
Determine the size of the discharge and ventilating
stacks and branches required for a block of flats, Similarly for a 150 mm discharge stack, the size
12 storeys high, serving two appliance groups (WC, of the ventilating stack required is 32 mm This is
bath, wash basin and sink) per floor The a modified single stack arrangement in which the
appliances are closely grouped around the stack. ventilating stack is only used to connect the
branch ventilating pipes to atmosphere.
B.1.2 Procedure NCYJ'E If brunch ventilating pipes to the wash basin
a) Branch pipe sizes are given in 7.2. Suppose discharge pipes had not been required, e g arrangement Ea.
that, for this example, no ventilating pipes are a 150 mm single stack system could have been used
required for the branch discharge pipes. e) The designer has now to decide which system
b) Refer to'7.3 and in particular to figure 26. is likely to be the most convenient and economic
Arrangement Ca corresponds to the layout The size of drain has to be considered so that it is
required, therefore table 5 can be used for sizing not oversized for the likely flow load. For
the pipework connection to an existing drain, there should be
no reduction in size in the direction of flow
c) In table 5, for a 100 mm discharge stack,
domestic usage, number of Iloors 11 to 15, the B.3 Example 3
ventilating stack size for two appliance groups is B.3.1 Task
50 mm, i.e. a ventilated stack system can be
used Determine the size of the discharge and ventilating
stacks and branches required for a 10 storey block
Similarly for a 150 mm discharge stack, the of offices, serving three WCs per floor and also
ventilating stack size required is 0, i. e a single receiving rainwater from a portion of the roof of
stack system can be used. 40 m2.
d) The designer has now to decide which system
is likely to be the most convenient and economic. B.3.2 Procedure
The size of drain has to be considered so that it is a) Branch pipe sizes are given in 7.2. Assume for
not oversized for the likely flow load. For this example that no branch ventilating pipes are
connection to an existing drain, there should be required.
no reduction in size in the direction of flow. b) Refer to 7.3 and in particular figure 26.
B.2 Example 2 Arrangement Ea corresponds to the type of
arrangement even though there are no basins in
B.2.1 Taslc this case. Rainwater loading is within the
Determine the size of the discharge and ventilating requirement of 5.3.4.6 so table 5 can be used.
stacks and branches required for an eight storey
73
BS 5572: 1994 Annex B
c) In table 5, for a 100 mm discharge stack, will be required for the Ilrst floor appliances .
commercial usage, number of floors 9 to 12, b) Referring to 7.3, it will be seen that this
arrangement Ea, the ventilating stack size arrangement is not within the scope of table 5
required for three groups of appliances (the and so the discharge unit method (clause 8) has
closest safe approximation to the actual number to be used for the sizing of the discharge and
of appliances connected) per floor is 40 mm, i e ventilating stacks,
a ventilated stack system
c) In table 6, for congested use:
Alternatively for a 150 mm discharge stack, the
size of ventilating stack required is 0, i e. a single one WC with 7 5 I low level cistern is
stack system TI1e designer has then to decide represented by 24 discharge units
which system is likely to be the most convenient one wash basin is represented by 5 discharge
and economic. TI1e size of drain has also to be units;
considered (see B. 1. 2c), the flow rate from one urinal is O 15 1/s .
B.3.3 Alternative procedure For five urinals the flow will be:
Alternatively, the discharge unit method can be {5 x O 15) = 0.75 l/s
ed (see clause 8) for sizing the stacks. For 11 WCs and 11 wash basins, the number of
a) In table 6, one WC with close coupled 6 l discharge units is:
cistern is represented by 6 discharge units for a (11 x 24) + {11 x 5) = 319
10 min interval of discharge. For three WCs per d) Using figure 27, the flow equivalent of 319
floor on 10 floors the total number of discharge discharge units is approximately 5_ 2 l/s The total
units is (3 x 10) x 6 = 180. design flow load is therefore:
b) The rainwater How (following the procedure (5.2 + 075) = 5951/s.
in BS 6367) assuming a rainfall rate of 75 mm/h
is O 83 l/s. e) In table 7, a 100 mm discharge stack has a
maximum capacity of 7 .2 l/s and is therefore
c) Using figure 27, the flow equivalent for 180 large enough.
discharge units is approximately 4.5 l/s. The total
design flow load is therefore 5 33 l/s. f) In table 9, the ventilating stack size has to be
half the diameter of the discharge stack,
d) In table 7, a 90 mm discharge stack has a i.e. 50 mm
maximum capacity of 5 .3 1/s and is therefore just
large enough. However, the most likely g) However; the drain is likely to be surcharged
commercial size available will be 100 mm. and 7.3.3 states that for this situation the
ventilating size should be at least 75 mm for a
e) In table 9, the ventilating stack size has to be 100 mm discharge stack
half the diameter of the discharge stack, i.e.
50 mm. Therefore a 90 mm or I 00 mm discharge
,tack with a 50 mm ventilating pipe can be used Annex C (informative)
!,vfE This ventilating pipe size is largerthan that given by the
use of the data given in table 5 This possibility is referred to
Bibliography
in 8.2.2.
B.4 Example 4 BEYER, FL, Maintenance of hygiene,
Technical Journal DOE
B.4.1 Task Construction,
Determine the size of the discharge and ventilating No 7, September 1973.
stacks and branches for a four storey public BEYER, FL Cleaning and descaling.
building in which 10 WCs, 10 wash basins and five Technical Journal DOE
urinals are closely grouped in ranges on the third Construction,
floor of the building and are to be connected to a No. 14, June 1975
discharge stack which also serves a WC and wash
BUILDING Sanitary Pipework
basin on the first floor: The discharge stack will be
connected to an existing drain liable to surcharge RESEARCH Part 1 Design basis. Digest
ESTABLISHMENT No, 248, 198L
B.4.2 Procedure - Department of Part 2 Design of pipework
a) Branch pipe sizes are given in 7.2. The range Environment Digest No, 249, 1981.
of 10 WCs can be connected to a 100 mm branch MARSH, G . .J.W Small diameter discharge
discharge pipe but a 25 mm vent pipe will be pipes in dwellings, Presented
needed as shown in figure 22. The range of 10 to the Institute of Plumbing,
wash basins will require a 50 mm discharge pipe November 1969,
and a 25 mm ventilating pipe as shown in figure
24b), Assume for this example that no venting
74
I
Annex C BS (>572 : 1994
MARSH, G,J.W. Vertical 100 mm discharge WISE, A.F.E., Sanitary services for modem
pipes in dwellings. Presented PAYNE, Rand housing.
to the Institute of Plumbing, GRIFFITHS, T.J. The Public Works and
May 1970. Municipal Services Congress,
WISE, AFE Water, sanitary and waste 17 November 1966.
services for buildings. WISE, A.F.E. and Towards a general method for
Batsford, 1986. LILLYWHITE, the design of drainage
WISE, A.FE and Investigation of single stack M.S.T systems in large buildings
•· CROFT, J drainage for multi-storey Journal oj the Institution of
flats. Journal oj the Royal Public Health Engineers,
Society of Health, 1954, 1969, Volume 68, no 4, pp.
74(9), pp. 797-826. 239-270
75
BS 5572 : 1994
l
{
List of references (see c1ause 2) !
Normative references
BSI publications
BRITISH SI'.ANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 6100 :
BS 6100 : Pm t 2 :
Glossary qf building and civil engineering terms
Civil engineering . "'
BS 6100 : Section 2 7 : 1992 Public health. Environmental erujineerinq
BS 6100 : Part 3 : Services O T
Informative references
i:sSI publications
BRITISH SI'.ANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
76
,·-
.,
.
. .
BS 5572 : 1994
Other references
[ I] GREAT BRITAIN. Public Health Act 1936 and 1961 and London Government Act 1963. London:
HMSO.
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Act 1984. London: HMSO.
[3] GREAT BRITAIN Building Regulations for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland
London: HMSO.
[4) GREAT BRITAIN. Sewerage (Scotland) Act 19fi8 London: HMSO
" [5] GREAT BRITAIN. Food Act 1984 London : HMSO.
[6] GREAT BRITAIN Food Hygiene (General) Regulations 1970. London: HMSO.
[7] GREAT BRITAIN. Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 London : HMSO
f 8] GREAT BRITAIN. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHI·I) Regulations 1988, 2nd edition
London : HMSO.
[9] GREAT BRITAIN Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 and approved code of
practice. London: HMSO.
[ 1 OJ GREAT BRITAIN Education (School premises) Regulations London : HMSO.
[ 11] Technical Regulations for Places of Public Entertainment in Greater London 1965 London : HMSO
[12] BURBERRY, P. and GRIFFITHS, TJ Demand and discharge pipe sizing for sanitary fittings.
Architects Journal Libraru, 21 November; 1962
BS 5572 1994
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