OMeeCGOLate

Unit 3: Agrarian activities

 Rural landscapes
ET cel landscape are a combination of
these three landscapes:
+ Abiotic landscapes: verylittle presenceoflife.
+ Man-made landscapes: humanshave had a
significant impact.
- Biotic landscapes: with an abundanceofliving
things and very little humanactivity.
 Rural landscapes
here're two main factors that
determine the type of rural landscapes
--> PHYSICAL FACTORS:
Sa Naliai
* Climate
\ re

--> HUMAN FACTORS:

+ Technology
- Economic structure
+ Political decisions
See theinfo bite point...

Let's do exercise 5,
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 Structure of agricultural
activities
Agricultural structure refers to how farming areas are
organised as a result of the following factors:

- Plot shape » thelandis divided into plots (regular or irregular)

- Boundaries » howareasare dividedup (enclosedfields

and openfields)

- Farm size » howlarge or small a farming areais (large estates or

smallholdings)

- Ownership » whothe land belongsto (private orcollective)

- Land occupation » the possesionof the land (direct

useor indirect use)
 TYPES OF CROPS
We already know that a landis divided
plots, so a farm is a collection of several
fs) (oLacy
On single farm, we mightfind the
following crops:

» Tree crops: long productivelife (fruit trees)

 FARMING SYSTEMS
The different farming systems include:
There're two types according to the variety of species:
- Polyculture: different species. The production is intended
to supply the population.
- Monoculture: a single crop. The production is intended
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There're twodifferent systems:

- Intensive farming
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There're two main techniques:

- Dryland: use only rain water
- Irrigation farming: water is supplied to crops.
 Livestock farmingis a primarysectoractivity
based on raising animals in order to use them for
ONOAROEBABIErae(Gllites
Wecan classified livestock farming systems based on the
following factors:

- Farm size:
iancg IVa ene @ relma yd
Intensivelivestock farming

- Livestock mobility:
Nomadic
Seasonal migratory
syleednKola

- Type of diet and enclosure:

Confined
Unconfined
Semi-confined
 Sietemerece
Creag
‘Actua structure refersto how farmingares re
orgarised oso result ofthefollowing foctors
Conner D
Ce eet eS
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eranee)

Pet
 THE MODERNISATION OF LIVESTOCK FARMING

* The mechanisationof the livestock farms: leading to the

intensification of production.
+ The introduction of foreign breeds: that produce more meat
or milk than native breeds.
- The developmentof specialised farms: breed one single type
oflivestock
CONSEQUENCES

» Positives: an increase in meat production - an improvementin

people's diets in developed countries.
SerraKos
- The use of hormonesfor livestock growth.
- Poor qualityfeed.
- Poorliving conditions for the animals.
- The spread ofdisease, including mad cowdesease and avianflu.
 ale
OREMOMRONEM IKE
acuatic animals for direct consumption or use
as raw materials for industry
Industrial fishing is the most profitable type from a
commercial point of view.
Wehavethree typesof fishing:

- Coastalfishing: near the coast.It's a daily activity and

use traditional techniques.

- Deep-seafishing: in areas a long way from the coast.It

uses medium-sized boats and go out for more than ten
oles Be SR Mee ees
oe :
hundred of miles from the coast. They use
hipandseasons can last
 Forestry
Forests have traditionally been an
important source of manydifferent type of
products and resources.
- Cork: is obtained from the bark of cork oak
trees andit's used to manufacture cork for the
bottles of wine.
- Resins: secreted bycertain plants. It's used in
the cosmetics and chemical industry.
« Rubber:is extracted fromthe sap of certain
tropical trees.It's used to manufacture tyres.
- Wood:It's used to construction and furniture
manufacture.
Overexploitation + clearing+
forest fires = DEFORESTATION
 TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE
Traditional subsistence agriculture is considered
environmentally firndly because it mantains a
balance betweenthe land's physical conditions and
existing natural resources.
+ It's commonin less-developed countries.
+ It uses rudimentary techniques.
+ Extra products are sold at local markets.
+ Areas are organised in small plots under private or communal
ownership.
+ Polyculture is the usual type of farming.
AGRICULTURAL METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
Shifting or slash-and burn cultivation
- It's used on very poorsoil in tropical areas.
- It requires large expanses of land

Intensive irrigated farming

- In this monoculture and intensified agriculture, while the
current harvestis flowering, the next one is growing in
seedbeds.
- It's foundinreas with high population densities and close to
rivers, like monsoonAsia.
IDaVANOMOMARCUM Ewrtir
- It uses annual croprotation: a fewsectionsareleft fallow
and the others are farmed.
 GLOSSARY TIME

PVCaac
aU
Monoculture
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
Nomadic
es irs
eyital)
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Unit 3: Agrarian activities