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11 August 2017
Feasibility Report – Electric Crematorium- Hubballi Dharwad Smart City Limited
This document has been prepared solely for HDSCL, being the express addressee to this document. PwC and
TCE does not accept or assume any liability, responsibility or duty of care for any use of or reliance on this
document by anyone, other than (i) HDSCL, to the extent agreed in the relevant contract for the matter to
which this document relates (if any), or (ii) as expressly agreed by PwC and TCE in writing in advance.
This publication (and any extract from it) may not be copied, paraphrased, reproduced, or distributed in any
manner or form, whether by photocopying, electronically, by internet, within another document or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of PwC and TCE. Further, any quotation, citation, or attribution of this
publication, or any extract from it, is strictly prohibited without PwC‟s and TCE‟s prior written permission.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary 9
2. Project Introduction 10
2.1 Background 10
2.2 City Overview 10
2.3 Smart City Mission 11
2.4 Project Idea and Scope 12
2.5 Necessity of the project 12
2.6 Project Description 13
2.7 Regional Profile: 13
2.8 City Connectivity 14
2.9 Climatic Conditions 15
3. Existing System 16
4. Project 19
4.1 Introduction 19
4.2 Site Description 19
4.3 Site Reconnaissance 20
4.4 Modern Cremation Process 20
4.4.1 Coal and Natural Gas based Cremation Systems 21
4.4.2 Demerits of coal and natural gas based systems 21
4.5 The concept of “Green Cremation System”(GCS) 21
4.6 Electric Cremation 22
4.6.1 Cremation Process 22
4.6.2 Advantages of Electric Cremation 23
4.7 Civil Scope 24
4.8 SWOT Analysis 28
5. Project Financials 29
7.1 Introduction: 31
8. Operating Framework 38
9. Next Steps 40
List of Tables
Table 1: SWOT Analysis 28
List of Figures
Figure 1: Round 1 Smart Cities 11
Abbreviations
ABD - Area Based Development
dB - Decibel
FY - Financial Year
Ha - Hectare
IT - Information Technology
Km - Kilometres
MD - Managing Director
NH - National Highway
PK - Pourkarmikas
SH - State Highway
1. Executive Summary
Hubballi-Dharwad, an administrative node in North Karnataka is also a well-known commercial hub of
the region. The population of the city is 9.43lakhs as per 2011 census. Majority of people in the city do
cremation of the body after death. Cremation of the body makes environmental impacts such as pollution,
cutting of woods etc which is unhealthy for the city for this huge population.
Under the Smart City Project for Hubballi- Dharwad, this concern has been taken up as project.
Modern cremation processes with the use of coal or natural gasses are relief to certain extent, as they have
lowered the requirement of wood, but haven‟t been able to control pollution. Another method of
cremation commonly known as green cremation system, controls pollution and has reduced the
requirement of wood by one third of the conventional system.
Electric crematoriums eliminate the dependency on critical resources like wood. Hence, Hubballi-
Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) intends to deploy such smart and eco-friendly solution at
cremation grounds within the municipal area.
Previously, a cremation centre with modern and better facilities was proposed in Hubballi at Marutinagar-
Heggeri, but the project couldn‟t start, and conventional system was placed.
With intention to improvise the quality of cremation facility, HDMC has now proposed Electric
crematorium at following locations in the city:
Marutinagar-Heggeri
SM Krishnanagar
Bidnal
The installation of electric cremation facility at cremation grounds in Hubballi will be done in two phases:
Phase 1- i) Marutinagar-Heggeri Electric Crematorium: For marutinagar-heggeri electric crematorium,
feasibility study has been carried out and will be installed in first phase.
Phase 2: ii) SM Krishnanagar, and iii) Bidnal: This two locations which are outside the ABD area will be
taken up once confirmation and clearance is obtained by Hubballi Dharwad Smart City Limited (HDSCL)
from HDMC.
The estimated cost of an electric crematorium with 2 furnaces would be around 3 crores (including civil,
electrical and mechanical works) amounting the overall cost for all three project sites to be 9 crores.
Ground area required for each crematorium would be 400 sqm.
2. Project Introduction
2.1 Background
Government of India intends to transform 100 Indian Cities to Smart Cities. In September 2016,
Hubballi-Dharwad was selected amongst the 27 winners of the "2nd Round Competition of SCM” based
on the Smart City Plan (SCP). As mandated in the mission guidelines, Hubballi-Dharwad has
incorporated a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) – Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City Limited (HDSCL) (the
“Authority”) to plan, design, implement, coordinate and monitor the smart city projects in Hubballi-
Dharwad.
Further, HDSCL has received funds from Government of India (GoI) and Government of Karnataka
(GoK) for developing Hubbali-Dharwad as Smart City and implementation of projects proposed by city
under the mission. Project implementation will include carrying out the feasibility study, preparation of
project reports, detailing out the plans, and monitoring and management of the projects. Pursuant to
above, PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd. (PwC) in association with TATA Consulting Engineers Limited
(TCE) and Aminbhavi and Hegde (AH) have been appointed as Project Management Consultant (PMC)
for providing consultancy services for detailing out the ABD and Pan-City plans; preparation of detailed
project reports for the envisaged project packages and project management consultancy support for the
same.
Hubballi-Dharwad‟s Area Based Development (ABD) proposal includes Redevelopment of 992 acres
within the city which impacts about 1.1 lakh city population. The ABD area is mainly characterized by two
kind of land use- commercial and administrative.
headquarters for South Western Railway zone and the Hubballi Railway Division. Hubballi is a major
railway junction in North Karnataka. It is also the headquarters of North Western Karnataka Road
Transport Corporation. Hubballi also houses the largest number of government offices outside
Bangalore. It has more than 3,000 small and medium industries. Approximately 55% of the city„s
population is involved in the tertiary sector. The demographic indicators namely sex ratio and literacy
rates are favourable and higher than that of Karnataka and India. The existing population of the
Hubballi- Dharwad Municipal Corporation area as per Census 2011 is about 9.43 lakhs.
Figure 1: Round 1 Smart Cities Figure 2: Round 2 Smart Cities Figure 3: Round 3 Smart Cities
The objective of Smart City Mission is to promote cities to provide core infrastructure and give a decent
quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment with application of „Smart‟ Solutions.
The focus is on sustainable and inclusive development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a
replicable model which will act like a light house to other aspiring cities. The mission is meant to set
examples that can be replicated both within and outside the Smart City, catalyzing creation of similar
Smart Cities in various regions and parts of the country.
Accordingly, the purpose of Smart Cities Mission is to drive economic growth and improve quality of life of
people by enabling local area development and harnessing technology especially that leads to Smart
outcomes. Area-based development (retrofit and redevelop) will transform existing areas including slums
into better planned ones thereby improving liveability of the whole City. Application of Smart Solutions
will enable cities to use technology, information and data to improve infrastructure and services.
Comprehensive development in this way will improve quality of life, create employment and enhance
income for all, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, leading to creation of inclusive Cities.
The scope of the Feasibility Report for electric crematorium, in ABD area of Hubballi-Dharwad Smart City
Limited has been finalised after carrying out the following studies:
• Reconnaissance Survey
• Project Financials
Refined methodology is followed in submitting the Project deliverables in accordance with the following
stages:
Marutinagar-Heggeri
SM Krishnanagar
Bidnal
In first phase, Marutinagar-Heggeri electric crematorium is proposed and feasibility study has been carried
out. As part of second phase, other two locations (SM Krishnanagar & Bidnal) will be taken up after
confirmation from Municipal Corporation, since the other two locations are outside the ABD area.
The ABD area of 992 acres is located at the heart of Hubballi city and is very well connected with all the
surrounding areas by road. The ABD area is mainly planned based on a transit-oriented development. Two
bus stations- old as well as new NWKSRTC station and Central Bus Terminal (CBT) fall inside the limits of
ABD area. The Hubballi Junction Railway station, which is the headquarters of South-Western Railway
marks the eastern boundary of ABD area. Also, there is also an airport in ABD area near Gandhi Nagar,
which has daily flight to Bangalore.
3. Existing System
Hubballi and Dharwad are twin cities in the state of Karnataka and are referred as Hubballi-Dharwad. The
Hubballi-Dharwad is the oldest city in Karnataka state with strong cultural and historical importance, and
is also the second-largest urban settlement in Karnataka after Bengaluru. Scarcity of wood is one of the
major concerns in city of hubballi-dharwad, and further deforestation may lead to serious environmental
issues. The land availability within municipal area is another major challenge, thus Municipal Corporation
is facing lot of issues in identification of new cremation ground. Hence, there is a need for creation of
alternate methods of cremation. Electric crematorium is one such solution available as an alternate
cremation technique.
Existing cremation sites have both conventional cremation and burial system.
Previously, a cremation centre with modern and better facilities was proposed in Hubballi at Marutinagar-
Heggeri, but the project couldn‟t start, and conventional system was placed at this location.
4. Project
4.1 Introduction
Cremation is the combustion, vaporization and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such
as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone. Cremation may serve as
a funeral or post-funeral rite as an alternative to the interment of an intact dead body in a coffin, casket or
shroud. Cremation is not an alternative to a funeral, but rather an alternative to burial or other forms of
disposal.
In many countries, cremation is usually done in a crematorium. Some countries, such as India and Nepal,
prefer different methods, such as open-air cremation. A crematorium is a machine in which people's
bodies or remains are burned down to the bones, eliminating all soft tissue. Crematories are usually found
in funeral homes, chapels, cemeteries, or in stand-alone facilities. A facility which houses the actual
crematory units is referred to as a crematorium.
Modern cremators have adjustable-control systems that monitor the furnace during cremation. These
systems automatically monitor the internal processes to notify when the cremation process is complete,
after which the furnace automatically shuts down. The time required for cremation varies from body to
body, and, in modern furnaces, the process may be as fast as one hour per 50 kg of body weight.
Figure 12: Coal based Modern Crematorium Figure 13: Natural gas based Modern Crematorium
As a latest concept, Green Cremation System is being developed in India but has not been very popular
like the electric cremation. It is an alternate method of cremation. It is affordable, energy efficient, and
causes lesser environmental pollution. In the Green Cremation system, a man sized metal grate is
constructed beneath a roof and a chimney, and woods are placed on the metal base. The use of chimney
enables better air circulation and reduces heat loss. It uses much lesser amount of wood (around 150-200
kg) to burn a body as compared to the wood (500-600 kg) used in the traditional funeral pyre. Also, it
takes less time for the entire cremation, around 2 hours, as compared to 6-8 hours in the traditional
cremation. While the emissions are reduced by 60%, the cost is also reduced significantly. As this type of
cremation is on wood based, this type of system is not recommended for Hubballi city.
Electric Cremation System is designed in a way that it utilises minimum time, and minimum fuel with a
special emphasis on 3 T‟s (Temperature, Time and Turbulence). A most modern pollution control system
has been incorporated to tap all the poisonous hazardous & toxic gases, particulates matter, smoke and
odour. All the toxic gas and pollutants are scrubbed with water and the cool and clean gas is released to
the environment through chimney.
The furnace door is then opened and the trolley pushed inside the furnace and then the door is closed.
Cremation will be completed within 90–100 minutes, depending upon the dead body.
After the cremation is completed the ashes are collected from the bottom of the secondary furnace placed
below the Primary chamber using a scraper.
The Cremation System consists of the following items:-
1. Furnace.
2. Body Loading Trolley.
3. Cyclone.
4. Venturi Scrubber/ wet scrubber
5. Mist Separator
6. Air Blower.
7. Chimney.
8. Control Panel.
1. Furnace
The Furnace consist of:-
(a) Furnace Door: After the body is Shifted to the Furnace .The furnace Door is closed. The Furnace door
is a vertical sliding type counter weight balanced & manually operated.
(b) Primary Chamber: Here the Human dead Body is incinerated at Temperature of approx. 800 + 50 °C.
(c) Secondary Chamber: The emission coming out of the Primary Chamber is Burned further to make the
Emission free from Toxic gas/ Foul odor , temperature at secondary chamber 1050 + 50 C .
(d) Ash Chamber: The Ash after the cremation drops down beneath the primary chamber from where the
ash is collected by opening the Ash door at Secondary Chamber through scrapping for Asthi Puja.
(e) Furnace Casing: Sturdy Mild Steel Structure with 6 mm MS Plates and Painted
Figure 14: Electric cremation Furnace Figure 15: Electric cremation Room
Strengths Weaknesses
The city has improved its ranking in SBM Lack of proper 24x7 Electricity
rankings drastically over the last year
which shows the willingness of people as
well as cooperation to adapt to a better and
cleaner environment
Opportunities Threats
5. Project Financials
5.1 Cost Assumptions
Following are the major items which will account to costing in Electric Crematorium.
2 1,00,00,000
Boundary Wall
3 Approach Road
Mechanical Works
Electric Works
If consent to operation is required for these types of work, the vendor needs to obtain the
environmental clearance from the state pollution control board before installing his system.
The potential ambient air quality impacts arising from the proposed project would occur mainly during
construction phase. During construction, the project would have two major impacts on ambient air
quality due to an increase in gaseous emissions by construction equipment‟s and vehicles, and an
increase in dust by construction activities. Earth excavation work, foundation work, superstructure work,
material storage, transportation and handling of construction materials, and wind erosion are the major
factors that would produce a temporary, localized increase in SPM and RPM levels. The increased
movement of heavy vehicles carrying construction materials, operation of DG sets as standby power back
up system would generate gaseous emissions. However as DG sets are used as standby, the impacts are
insignificant. The degree of dust generated would depend on the soil compaction and moisture content of
the ground surface during construction. Dust and exhaust particulate emissions from equipment
operations would temporarily degrade air quality in the immediate construction zone. The increase in air
particulates would be minimized by the performance of the work. The construction contractor shall
visually monitor dust levels on the site during construction. Dust suppression needs to be instituted,
using water tankers mounted on tractors, sprinklers and other means as necessary.
Vehicles transporting construction materials prone to fugitive dust emissions should be covered.
Trucks carrying sand should be provided with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and sides of the trucks.
Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should not be permitted during loading and unloading
All construction vehicles should comply with air emission standards and be maintained properly.
Dust suppression measures in addition to the traffic management should be followed on these roads
The Project Management Consultants (PMC) will adopt good construction practices that will ensure the
environmental impacts of waste effluents generated on-site during construction will be minimized.
The impact of each action on various environmental components are filled in a tabular format to estimate
the impacts which may be either qualitative, insignificant, high, adverse, beneficial or quantitative by
assessing a numerical score, but in the end there should be a grand total to signify the magnitude of the
impact. The activities discussed above are likely to affect the environment in varying degrees. Relevant
components of environment, which are likely to experience some impacts due to the proposed project
activities, have been identified.
Environmental parameters are broadly classified under three following groups considering the cause -
effect relationship:
Physical Environment
Biological Environment
Non Biophysical Components (NBP)
The parameters selected for impact identification are site activities and project specific. Different
parameters considered under the said groups are as follows:
The predicted impacts of the proposed project have been discussed in .The environmental
management measures to reduce the adverse impacts are detailed in this Section.
Socio-economic
Health
Soil (Population,
Water (Individual
Air Quality Noise stability Vegetation Community
Quality /Community,
/ erosion Infrastructure,
Occupational)
Employment)
Construction of
Crematorium- Excavation, ST, -ve ST, -ve Nil ST, -ve Nil Nil LT, +ve
Erection, Fabrication, Finishing
Operation of Crematorium Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil LT, +ve LT, +ve
Note: ST – Short Term, LT – Long Term, +ve – Potential Positive Impact, -ve – Potential Negative Impact (requires mitigation measures)
7.8 Conclusion
Proposed project of electric crematorium in city of Hubballi will have following beneficial impacts, while
mitigation measures for adverse impacts have also been mentioned below,
Noise produced from vehicular movement and construction activities can be curbed to
minimal by making use of noise shields for machinery, carrying out maintenance of vehicles,
and by restricting construction activity to day time.
The proposed project will have positive impacts on the socio-economic environment of the
study area. The project will provide direct and indirect employment for Skilled, and unskilled
personnel, hence providing a boost to the local economy.
Regular monitoring of air, water and noise parameters shall be carried out to keep a check on
routine compliance of statutory requirements.
The proponent strongly believes in the concept of sustainable development and understands the impacts
as identified above from the proposed project and will take all measures to mitigate such negative
impacts and also lay emphasis on the implementation of the Recommendations of the Environmental
Management Plan in true spirits.
8. Operating Framework
8.1 Indicative Project Structuring
The project is headed by the Managing Director (MD) - Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). The Project
Management Consultant (PMC) will manage the project in coordination with SPV and Hubballi-
Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC). The technical aspects of the project will be handled by the
PMC. The project will be executed by the Contractor, who will be selected through the open tendering
process. Operation and Maintenance of the project will be carried out by HDMC/ private operator who
can collect the revenue from the same and carry out routine maintenance.
The major milestones and time allocated for the completion of each milestone is tabulated in table below
The capital costs and financial aspects of the project have been detailed in Chapter 5.
9. Next Steps
Based on the above feasibility report, it is expected that, HDSCL accords their approval for setting up
Electric Crematorium at the proposed locations along with the confirmation on the land owner ship
details. This will also help the project to be implemented without any land issues and the project can be
expected to be completed as per the schedule provided in table 4.