kural 350

===
2. சசசசசசசச சசசசசசசச சசசசசச சசசசசசச சசசசசசசசசசசச
"சசசசசசசசசசச சசசசசசச சசசசசசசசசசசசச சசசசசசசசசச
சசசசசசசசச சசசசசசசச சசச." சசசசச 411
'Kalvi (reading) and KELvi (listening')
The biggest difference between the two is the ‘engagement’ which plays a key
factor. A human mind cannot stay focused for a long time even if there are fewer or
no distractions at all. When one reads, the focus is on 'words';
it's something you 'do' while listening, something happening.
Listening increases our concentration power.

சசசசசசசச சசசசசசசச சசசசசச சசசசசசச சசசசசச சசசசசசச; சசசசசசசசசசசச

The ear is the most precious treasure; it is through the ear one absorbs and
internalizes the quintessence of all accumulated learning.

Complete accomplishment of the process of learning, is acquired by 'Kalvi

(reading), KELvi (listening') - perfecting the nuances of learning, secured by
one's own study from books and experience.

Listening increases concentration power. Listening enables to retain more

information compared to reading.

==

ஸரரவ பததனதமர மமதரர- எலர லத உயயரர களடனமர நடர ப ககதளர - பமககரக எதயரர இலரமலயத?

கரமண- அரளர இலரமலயத?

நயரரமம; நயரர அஹஙரகதர- யதனர எனத எனரனமர கசரகரகறதரதலர இலரமலயத?

Kural 126 (Self Control)

Like tortoise, who the five restrains
In one, though seven worlds bliss obtains

BG 2-58: As a tortoise will restrain all limbs into itself, he who would restrain
his sense will attain wisdom
--
Kural 226 (Charity)
Let men relieve the wasting hunger men endure;
For treasure gained thus finds one treasure-house secure.
Manu 3-106
Manu rules to this effect: One must not eat oneself without feeding the guest
first; feeding of guests leads to wealth, health, fame and heaven-
---
Kural 256 (Vegetarianism)
We eat the slain you say, ‘by us no living creatures die;
Who’d kill and sell, I pray, if none came there the flesh to buy?

Manu 5-49, 52: “He who approves of the killing of an animal, who preserves the
slaughtered body, who kills it, who buys and sells it, who cooks it and who serves
it, and who makes a meal of it are to be termed Killers” Manu 5-51
---
Kural 257 (Vegetarianism)
With other beings ulcerous wounds their hunger may appease
If this they felt, desire to eat must surely ease
Manu : Having learnt the origin of flesh (meat) and the killing of creatures, one
will refrain from taking any kind of meat.
---
Kural 259 (Vegetarianism)
Than thousand rich oblations, with libations rare,
Better the flesh of slaughtered beings not to share.
Manu Manu 5-53:
He who would perform a hundred Asvamedha sacrifices year after year and he who
would refrain from flesh eating are equal so far the attainments of fruits is
concerned.
---
Kural 268 (Penance)
Who gains himself in utter self-control
Him worships every other living soul.
Manu 7-44
One should endeavour day and night to conquer the senses; and one who conquer his
senses is able to have all people under his control.
---
Kural 299 (Truthfulness)
Every lamp is not a lamp in wise men’s sight:
That is the lamp with truth’s pure radiance bright
BG 6-19 : The Yogi controlled, self engaged, in meditation, is likened to a lamp
that is still in a windless place.
---
Kural 330 (Violence)
Who had a loathed life, in bodies sorely pained,
Are men, the wise declare, by guilt of slaughter stained.
Manu 5-45
In the Laws of Manu, it is said that he who causes the killing of prohibited
animals for his own happiness is considered to be dead, though living, for he never
attains happiness.
---
Kural 339 (Instability)
Death is sinking into slumbers deep; Birth again is waking out of sleep.
BG 6-63 :The Bhagavad Gita furnishes a parallel: There is certain death to one who
is born, and there is certain birth to one dead.

Arattup paal finished

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

PORUTPAAL; CHANAKYA’S ARTHASASTRA COMPARED

Chanakya is also known as Kautilya.

Kural 381 (Leader/ King)

An army, people, wealth, a minister, friends, fort;
six things—
Who owns them all, a lion lives amid the kings.

Kautilya’s Artha sastra prescribes:

Book 6-1 cf.Kamandaka 1-18
The king, minister, territory, fort treasury, army friends constitute the elements
of a state. He who possesses these and who follows the righteous policy is able to
conquer the whole earth and is never defeated.
—
---
Kural 385 (Leader- King)
A king is he who treasure gains, stores up, defends,
And duty for his kingdom’s weal expends
---
Kamandaka 1-20 Nitisastra : Furnishes a parallel:
The four fold functions of the king are to acquie wealth by equitable means, to
preserv it, to augument it, and then expend it on the deserving.

---
Kural 390 (King/ Leader)
Gifts, grace, right sceptre, care f people’s weal;
These four a light of dreaded king reveal
is corroborated by the Kamandaki
kamandaki 3-2
Pleasant speech, grace gifts, protection of the poor and the distressed, and
association with men of character are recognised by the world as the right thing.

---
Kural 391 (Study/ Learning)
So lean that you may full and faultless learning gain,
Then in obedience meet to lessons learnt remain.
Book 1-5, Arthasastra.
Sciences should be studied under qualified teachers and their precepts duly
followed Discipline is the fruit of learning.

---
Kural 411(Listening)
Wealth of wealth is wealth acquired by ear attent;
Wealth mid al wealth supremely excellent.
Kautilya (Chanakya) :
Book 1- chapter 5 of Arthasastra.
Hearing opens the door to knowledge, knowledge to right action, and right action to
knowledge of one’s self. This is what constitutes vidyaa.

---
Kural 427 (Knowledge)
The wise discern, the foolish fail to see,
And minds prepare for things about to be
Arthasastra, Book 9, chapter 1: He who possesses the eye of knowledge and science,
is able to discern the true thing with a little effort.

---
Kural 441 (Great men)
As friends the men who virtue know, and riper wisdom share,
Their worth weighed well, the king should choose with care.
Arthasastra, Book 1-8:
The prescription of Bhradwaja is that companions whose honesty and skill have been
put to satisfactory tests shall be appointed ministers.

---
Kural 447 (Great men)
What power can work his fall, who faithful ministers,
Employs, that thunder out reproaches when he errs.
Arthasastra, Book 1-8 :
A king should select such ministers whose loyalty has been tried and who would
protect him from risks involving danger to life.

---
Kural 462 and Kural 470 (Consideration/ On the right Forethought)
With chosen friends deliberate; next use they private thought;
Then act. By those who thus proceed all works with ease are wrought.

Plan and perform no work that others may despise;

What misbeseems a king the world will not aprroe as wise.
-The Arthasastra says
All undertakings are to be preceded by mantra or counsel………. Let the king review
the works with the ministers present……….. That which gives fruition and is
advocated by the best men must be done
–Arthasastra, Book 1-15

to be continued……………………