Chapter I (Automated Room Temperature Through Smart Control Switching Devices)

VIRGEN MILAGROSA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Martin P. Posadas Ave., San Carlos City, Pangasinan

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Controlled Switching Device Circuit Breaker (CB)are designed to switch on & Off
the circuit. Under a fault condition; No sooner it receives the command to Open, it opens
the circuit but while doing so the CB goes through tremendous stresses and contact are
opened to Arc. All this can be reduced using a Controlled Switching. SCOPE in association
with Vizimax, Canada oﬀers a Controlled Switching Device (CSD) for MV/HV/ EHV/UHV
Circuit Breakers, SynchroTeq series, is the one and only “Manufacturer Agnostic” solution,
applicable to either brand new or existing equipment.
Smart home technology provides homeowners with security, comfort, energy
efficiency and convenience. The term “smart home” is used to describe a residence that
has lighting, appliances, heating, TVs, air conditioning, entertainment audio and video
systems, computers, cameras and security systems that can communicate with one
another and be remotely controlled from any room in the home, as well as remotely from
any location via a smartphone or the internet.
During the 1930s, inventors turned their attention to home automation technologies, but
the idea didn’t materialize until 1966, when the Echo IV, the first smart automation
AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

DEVICE IN VMUF-MEDICINE LIBRARY
system, was developed. This device allowed consumers to create computing shopping
lists, control the temperature of the home and turn appliances on and off. Created in
1969, the kitchen computer could create recipes, but the device never became a
commercial success due to its price.
The development of the microcontroller in 1971 resulted in price reductions for
electronics devices, making the technologies more accessible. In 1991, a concept called
“gerontechnology” was introduced, which combined gerontology with technology aimed at
making the lives of senior citizens easier. Several new technologies were introduced in
this sector during the 1990s.
The Study was Automated Room Temperature System that uses smart control
switching devices in VMUF Medicine Library to make the whole system automated. The
range of the person in the said event was less than or greater than 10. There are 2
conditions where the system follows first, if there were not more than 10 people in the
library the system will automatically switch-ON one of the air condition inside the room,
and if there were more than 10 people the system will automatically switch-ON all the air-
conditioning system of the library. If else, for empty rooms the system will be responsible
for switching-OFF the Air-condition, but still operating because it will be programmed at a
time of 8:00am to 5pm. The main purpose of the project is to lessen the electricity
consumption of the household and commercial areas in VMUF Medicine Library and also

to lessen human intervention for manual switching on and off of the air-conditioning
system.
The first title is Photoelectric Controller for Electric Street Lighting. This invention
finds use in the field of electric street lighting. In particular, this invention relates to the
application of RFID or similar wireless technology to operate, monitor operating
characteristics and/or capture historical parametric data for one or more electric
streetlights.
The second title is Smart sensor enable smart Air Conditioning Control. In this
study, mobile phones, wearable devices, temperature and human motion detectors are
integrated as smart sensors for enabling smart air conditioning control. Smart sensors
obtain feedback, especially occupants' information, from mobile phones and wearable
devices placed on human body.
The third title is Automatic power control for modulated led photoelectric devices.
A pulsed light emitting diode used as the light source in a photoelectric scanner is operated
from a secondary power source which automatically adjusts the power to the LED
approximately inversely proportional to frequency as the modulating frequency of the
scanner is adjusted over a range, so that the average power of the LED remains
approximately constant, within safe operating limits and close to optimum, over the range
of adjustment.. This thesis and our proposed project also have the same concept for
having the use of sensor. They are both sensors based.

The fourth Title is photoelectric proximity detector and switch. This invention
relates to proximity detectors and switches, and in one embodiment it is concerned with a
touch detector for mounting inside a store window, enabling a user outside the window to
control appliances and/or displays inside the store.
The fifth title is Automatic Temperature Controlled Household Electric Ceiling Fan.
An automatic temperature-controlled household electric ceiling fan is designed and
developed in this research. The device uses a temperature sensor; a comparator unit and
relay switch to automatically regulate the speed of the electric ceiling fan, creating breeze
to enhance convective heat transfer. This thesis and our proposed project also have the
same concept for having the use of smart control switching devices.
1.2 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study is to design a smart control switching device that
can automated an Air-conditioning in VMUF Medicine Library. Additional to this following
are the following:
 To analysis the performance of the Smart Control Switching Device.
 To lessen the consumption electricity of the VMUF Medicine Library.
 To lessen human intervention for manual switching on and off of the air-
conditioning system.

1.3 Scope and Delimitation
The researchers will develop a smart control switching device for the Air-
conditioning in the Medicine library of Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation that will help
the students and the faculty members in the library to have full comfortability.
The system is automatic and the faculty and librarians cannot manually control
the cooling system. The device has a Solid-State Relays that will control the Air-
conditioning to become automated. The range of the person was less than or greater than
10. There are 2 conditions where the system follows first, if there were not more than 10
people in the library the system will automatically switch-ON one of the air condition inside
the room, and if there were more than 10 people the system will automatically switch-ON
all the air-conditioning system of the library. If else, for empty rooms the system will be
responsible for switching-OFF the Air-condition, but still operating because it will be
programmed at a time of 8:00am to 5pm.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The output of the study will provide reference materials to the (1) Researchers (2)
Librarian (3) Community.
A. The Researchers will provide better facilities engaging to the modern technology
that enables student to study at ease and not mind any other circumstances like
room temperature condition.

B. The Librarian will benefit in their manual labor into automated system
C. The Community in some remote areas many people doesn’t know how automated
system works for them, they will benefit to know that this system exists and to learn
or study how the system works.
1.5 Theoretical Framework
Agents and multi-agent systems have been used to study and to simulate complex
systems in different application domain where physical factor is present for energy
minimizing, where physical objects tend to reach the lowest energy consumption possible
within the physically constrained world. Furthermore, MAS have been intensively exploited
for the analysis through simulation of biological and chemical systems.
A smart control switching device with Solid-State Relays control for the Air-
conditioning system will be used. A sensor will automatically detect the student who enters
in medicine library and it automatically count it, which is the first air-condition is
automatically switch on and if the sensor will detect more than 10 students the second
air-condition will automatically switch on, and also if there are no other people in the
medicine library it will automatically shut down but still operating because it will
programmed at a time of 8:00 am to 5:00 pm.
Because of the automatic control device, quality Air-conditioning for comfortability
will improve the Air-conditioning in the library. The relation of this topic (MAS) with the
study is they are both organized system which has the smart switching mechanism.

1.6 Conceptual Framework
A. Components and Specification
A solid state relay includes a MOSFET receiving a
photovoltaic output generated across a photovoltaic
diode array responsive to a light signal from a light
emitting element, and a normally ON driving
transistor connected to the MOS FET, the driving

Figure 1: solid-state relay
transistor being connected at control electrode to a
connection point between the photovoltaic diode array and an impedance element to be

biased by a voltage generated across the impedance element during generation of the
photovoltaic output across the photovoltaic diode array to have a high impedance state,
whereby the relay can be prevented from providing at output terminals any intermediate
state between ON and OFF states even when an input current to the relay is in lower
range, and a high speed relay operation is realized.
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel electronic
visual display that uses a two‐dimensional array of
liquid crystal (LC) cells, each of which can be
electrically controlled to modulate the transmission of
light for the display of digital images. Among all the

Figure 2: LCD 128x64
electronic visual displays in the current world, LCD is
taking the dominant position owing to its flat panel, light weight, low driving voltage, low
power consumption, high resolution, large viewing angle, high color quality, and availability
in a large range of screen size.
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller
board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and
developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced
to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The
board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 Figure 3: Arduino

analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-
volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also similar to the Arduino
Nano and Leonardo.
Table 1.1: Specification of Arduino Board
A real-time clock (RTC) is a battery-powered clock that is
included in a microchip in a computer motherboard. This
microchip is usually separate from the microprocessor and
other chips and is often referred to simply as "the CMOS"
(complementary metal-oxide semiconductor). A

Figure 4: Real Time Clock
small memory on this microchip stores system description or

setup values - including current time values stored by the real-time clock. The time values
are for the year, month, date, hours, minutes, and seconds. When the computer is turned
on, the Basic Input-Output Operating System (BIOS) that is stored in the computer's read-
only memory (ROM) microchip reads the current time from the memory in the chip with
the real-time clock.
A photoelectric sensor comprises a light collecting
block having a reflective mirror formed on an inner
surface of a light transmitting window and a concave
mirror including a light passing portion, whereby the
reflective mirror is opposed to the concave mirror. Figure 5: Photoelectric Sensor
Further, the photoelectric sensor comprises an electronic circuit block having a
photoelectric element, a plurality of electronic components and a wiring substrate, wherein
the photoelectric element is positioned on a light collecting point of the light collecting
block.
ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS TECHNICAL PARAMETERS
1. Output Current DC / SCR / Relay Output: 100mA / 5V

Sensing range: 3-80cm
power supply
Sensing object:
2. Current consumption DC <25mA
Translucency, opaque
Supply voltage: DC5V 3. Response time <2ms

Output operation: Normally 4. Pointing angle: ≤ 15 °, the effective distance 3-80 CM

open (O) adjustable
Output: DC three-wire
5. Detection of objects: transparent or opaque body
system (NPN)
6. Working temperature: -25°C ~ +55 °C

SIZE
7. Standard detection object: the following incandescent

DIAMMETER: 18mm
300LX Below 100000LX sunlight
Sensor Length: 45mm

8. Housing material: plastic
Lead Length: 45cm
Table 1.2: Specification of Photoelectric Sensor
The power supply includes a DC power unit for outputting
a DC voltage; a microcomputer for outputting a mode
control signal according to the operational mode of the
electrical apparatus; a first power converter, controlled by
the mode control signal, for converting the DC voltage

Figure 6: Photoelectric Sensor
output of the DC power unit into at least one operation
voltage required for powering a plurality of loads; and a second power converter for
supplying the microcomputer with a regulated feedback voltage in the standby mode of
the electrical apparatus; and a switch for controlling an application of the DC voltage

output of the DC power unit to the microcomputer through the second power converter,
according to the mode of the electrical apparatus.
1.7 Paradigm of the Study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
A Proposed project:
 Low  Designing “AUTOMATED
Manpower  Evaluation ROOM
 Design of  Canvassing TEMPERATURE
THROUGH
Smart Materials SMART
control  Testing CONTROL
Switching  Programmi SWITCHING
DEVICE IN VMUF-
Device ng MEDICINE
LIBRARY”

1.8 References
Cheng, C.-C. (2014). Smart Sensors Enable Smart Air-Conditioning Control.

Claire Gu, P. Y. (2015). Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
Fayfield, R. W. (1986). Automatic Power Control for Modulated LED Photoelectric
Devices. 6.
Gaurav, S. G. (2018). The Evolution of Smart Home Technology.
Kim, S. D. (2006). POWER SUPPLY . 6.
Norman D. McCollough, J. (2008). PHOTOELECTRIC CONTROLLER FOR ELECTRIC
LIGHTING. 9.
Sigeo Akiyama. (1989). SOLID STATE RELAY. 10.
Yamakawa, M. (1988). PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR . 8.
Zimmerman, T. G. (1992). PHOTOELECTRIC PROXIMITY DETECTOR. 19.
Oduah, Uzoma & F.O., Osuntola. (2017). Automatic Temperature Controlled Household
Electric Ceiling Fan. 60.
lfredo Garro,Paolo Torroni, in Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational
Biology, 2019
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/real-time-clock-RTC
https://www.quora.com/What-is-Arduino-Uno


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VIRGEN MILAGROSA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Martin P. Posadas Ave., San Carlos City, Pangasinan

1.1 Background of the Study

applicable to either brand new or existing equipment.

Smart home technology provides homeowners with security, comfort, energy

any location via a smartphone or the internet.

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

commercial success due to its price.

The development of the microcontroller in 1971 resulted in price reductions for

“gerontechnology” was introduced, which combined gerontology with technology aimed at

this sector during the 1990s.

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

application of RFID or similar wireless technology to operate, monitor operating

devices placed on human body.

approximately inversely proportional to frequency as the modulating frequency of the

having the use of sensor. They are both sensors based.

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

control appliances and/or displays inside the store.

An automatic temperature-controlled household electric ceiling fan is designed and

1.2 Objectives of the Study

can automated an Air-conditioning in VMUF Medicine Library. Additional to this following

are the following:

 To analysis the performance of the Smart Control Switching Device.

 To lessen the consumption electricity of the VMUF Medicine Library.

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

1.3 Scope and Delimitation

programmed at a time of 8:00am to 5pm.

1.4 Significance of the Study

Librarian (3) Community.

room temperature condition.

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

or study how the system works.

1.5 Theoretical Framework

for the analysis through simulation of biological and chemical systems.

programmed at a time of 8:00 am to 5:00 pm.

Because of the automatic control device, quality Air-conditioning for comfortability

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

1.6 Conceptual Framework

A. Components and Specification

A solid state relay includes a MOSFET receiving a

photovoltaic output generated across a photovoltaic

diode array responsive to a light signal from a light

emitting element, and a normally ON driving

transistor connected to the MOS FET, the driving

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

range, and a high speed relay operation is realized.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel electronic

visual display that uses a two‐dimensional array of

liquid crystal (LC) cells, each of which can be

electrically controlled to modulate the transmission of

light for the display of digital images. Among all the

in a large range of screen size.

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller

board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and

developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets of

digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced

to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The

AUTOMATED ROOM TEMPERATURE THROUGH SMART CONTROL SWITCHING

Nano and Leonardo.

Table 1.1: Specification of Arduino Board

A real-time clock (RTC) is a battery-powered clock that is

included in a microchip in a computer motherboard. This

microchip is usually separate from the microprocessor and