Translation studies: "a branch of the
humanities devoted to the systematic,
Descriptive of the
phenomeba of translating
and translation as they
manifes themselves in the
world of experiences.
Product: it is the area which
describes existing translations.
Comparative trasnlation
description, in which comparative
analyses are made of various
translations of the same text,
either in a single language or in
various languages.
Function-Oriented: it is the area
interested in the Description of
translations' function in the
recipient socio-cultural situation. it
is a study of context rather than
texts.
Process-Oriented: It concerns itsel
with the process or act of translation
itself. It is concverned with tryinig to
find out what happens in the mind of
a translator.
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multidisciplinary study of the theoretical,
descriptive and applied aspects of
translation or interpreting, or
both"(Delisle 1999)
Applied: It conserns
Pure: applications to the practice of
translation.
Theoretical: This branch is interested in
using the results of descriptive translation Translator traning:
studies, in combination with the information
available from related fields and disciplines.
Medium: it concerns with the medium
Teaching methods, testing
of translation. Whether translation is
techniques, curriculum design.
done by machine or human where the Translation aids:
machine is working alone or as an aid
to the human translator. Dictionaries and Grammar
Area-restricted theories: They are restricted
to specific languages or groups of languages
and cultures. Language-restricted theories
have closed affinities with the work being
done in comparative lingfuistics and stylistics.
Rank-restrictered: these theories deal
with discourses or texts as goals, but
concer themselves with lower linguistics
ranks or levels. Translation criticism
Text-type (discourse type): dealing
with the problem of translationg
specific types or genres of lingual
messages.
Problem-restrictered theories: these The evaluation of translation, including the
theories confine themselves to one or marking of student translations and review
more specific problems withinthe entire of published translations
area of general translation theory. It mny
refer to certain problems such as
equivalence.