PROJECT TITLE: AL MAS HOLDING FACTORY

LOCATION: AL HASA, KSA
DATED: 10TH OCTOBER, 2019
SUBJECT FACILITY'S GRAY WATER DISCHARGE RATE

AL MAS HOLDING FACTORY IN AL HASA

OCCUPANT LOAD 
COVERED AREA SEWAGE DISCHARGE RATE TOTAL SEWAGE DISCHARGE RATE TOTAL GRAY WATER DISCHARGE RATE
FACTOR TOTAL  NUMBER OF SEATS 
LAYOUT TAG NO. BUILDING NAME
OCCUPANTS (IF RESTAURANT)
DISCHARGE RATE 
M2  / PERSON M2 DISCHARGE RATE VALUE UNIT RATE DISCHARGE RATE VALUE UNIT RATE UNIT RATE
VALUE

1 FACILITY 1 ‐ PRODUCT PROCESSING HALL 9.29 3,272 352 N/A 0.0145 M3  / DAY / EMPLOYEE 5.1 M3  / DAY 1.0 M3  / DAY

2 FACILITY 2 ‐ NON FERROUS FOUNDRY PLANT 9.29 1,288 139 N/A 0.0145 M3  / DAY / EMPLOYEE 2.0 M3  / DAY 0.4 M3  / DAY

4 FACILITY 2 ‐ GALVANIZING PLANT 9.29 658 71 N/A 0.0145 M3  / DAY / EMPLOYEE 1.0 M3  / DAY 0.2 M3  / DAY

5 TEST LABORATORY AND OFFICE ‐ FIRST FLOOR 9.3 650 70 N/A 0.0145 M3  / DAY / EMPLOYEE 1.0 M3  / DAY 0.3 M3  / DAY

6 FACTORY RESTAURANT ‐ KITCHEN WASTE N/A N/A N/A 48 0.0341 M3  / DAY /SEAT 1.6 M3  / DAY 1.6 M3  / DAY

23 MASJID (4 SALAH PER DAY) 0.65 85 131 N/A 0.0114 M3  / DAY / PERSON 5.9 M3  / DAY 5.9 M3  / DAY

TOTAL DAILY SEWAGE 
16.7 M3  / DAY
DISCHARGE RATE 

TOTAL DAILY GRAY 
9.4 M3  / DAY
WATER DISCHARGE RATE 
 MEANS OF EGRESS 101–75

7.2.13.6* Water Protection. Building elements shall be used to Table 7.3.1.2 Occupant Load Factor
restrict water exposure of elevator equipment.
7.2.13.7* Power and Control Wiring. Elevator equipment, el- Use (ft2/person)a (m2/person)a
evator communications, elevator machine room cooling, and
Assembly Use
elevator controller cooling shall be supplied by both normal
Concentrated use, 7 net 0.65 net
and standby power. Wiring for power and control shall be lo- without fixed
cated and properly protected to ensure a minimum 1 hour of seating
operation in the event of a fire. Less concentrated use, 15 net 1.4 net
7.2.13.8* Communications. Two-way communication systems without fixed
seating
shall be provided between elevator lobbies and a central con-
Bench-type seating 1 person/ 1 person/
trol point and between elevator cars and a central control 18 linear in. 455 linear mm
point. Communications wiring shall be protected to ensure a Fixed seating Use number of Use number of
minimum 1 hour of operation in the event of fire. fixed seats fixed seats
7.2.13.9* Elevator Operation. Elevators shall be provided Waiting spaces See 12.1.7.2 and See 12.1.7.2 and
13.1.7.2. 13.1.7.2.
with fire fighters’ emergency operations in accordance with
Kitchens 100 9.3
ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. Library stack areas 100 9.3
7.2.13.10 Maintenance. Where an elevator lobby is served by Library reading rooms 50 net 4.6 net
only one elevator car, the elevator evacuation system shall Swimming pools 50 (water surface) 4.6 (water surface)
have a program of scheduled maintenance during times of Swimming pool decks 30 2.8
building shutdown or low building activity. Repairs shall be Exercise rooms with 50 4.6
equipment
performed within 24 hours of breakdown.
Exercise rooms 15 1.4
7.2.13.11 Earthquake Protection. Elevators shall have the ca- without equipment
pability of orderly shutdowns during earthquakes at locations Stages 15 net 1.4 net
where such shutdowns are an option of ASME A17.1/CSA B44, Lighting and access 100 net 9.3 net
Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. catwalks, galleries,
gridirons
7.2.13.12 Signage. Signage shall comply with 7.10.8.4. Casinos and similar 11 1
gaming areas
7.3 Capacity of Means of Egress. Skating rinks 50 4.6
7.3.1 Occupant Load. Business Use (other 100 9.3
than below)
7.3.1.1 Sufficient Capacity. Concentrated 50 4.6
Business Usef
7.3.1.1.1 The total capacity of the means of egress for any Air traffic control 40 3.7
story, balcony, tier, or other occupied space shall be sufficient tower observation
for the occupant load thereof. levels
7.3.1.1.2 For other than existing means of egress, where Day-Care Use 35 net 3.3 net
Detention and 120 11.1
more than one means of egress is required, the means of
Correctional Use
egress shall be of such width and capacity that the loss of any Educational Use
one means of egress leaves available not less than 50 percent Classrooms 20 net 1.9 net
of the required capacity. Shops, laboratories, 50 net 4.6 net
7.3.1.2* Occupant Load Factor. The occupant load in any vocational rooms
building or portion thereof shall be not less than the number Health Care Use
Inpatient treatment 240 22.3
of persons determined by dividing the floor area assigned to
departments
that use by the occupant load factor for that use as specified in Sleeping departments 120 11.1
Table 7.3.1.2, Figure 7.3.1.2(a), and Figure 7.3.1.2(b). Where Ambulatory health 150 13
both gross and net area figures are given for the same occu- care
pancy, calculations shall be made by applying the gross area Industrial Use
figure to the gross area of the portion of the building devoted General and high 100 9.3
to the use for which the gross area figure is specified and by hazard industrial
applying the net area figure to the net area of the portion of Special-purpose NA NA
the building devoted to the use for which the net area figure is industrial
specified. Mercantile Use
Sales area on street 30 2.8
7.3.1.3 Occupant Load Increases. floorb,c
Sales area on two or 40 3.7
7.3.1.3.1 The occupant load in any building or portion more street floorsc
thereof shall be permitted to be increased from the occupant Sales area on floor 30 2.8
load established for the given use in accordance with 7.3.1.2 below street floorc
where all other requirements of this Code are also met, based
(continues)
on such increased occupant load.

2015 Edition
158 ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook — Volume 2

tion and percolation tests, as required. The design Table 8-6  Average Waste-Water Flows
engineer should explore fully all technical and legal from Residential Sources
aspects of securing approval of an acceptable method Flow, gal (L) / unit / day
of sewage disposal before the site is developed. To do Source Unit Range Typical
so, it is necessary to make a somewhat detailed plan Apartment Person 53–90 (200–340) 69 (260)
of the total contemplated site occupancy to determine Hotel, residential Resident 40–58 (150–220) 50 (190)
the size and capacities of the disposal units. Individual dwelling
When soil absorption systems are contemplated, Average home Person 50–92 (190–350) 74 (280)
it is essential to determine the characteristics and Better home Person 66–106 (250–400) 82 (310)
suitability of the soil as a first step toward design.
Luxury home Person 79–145 (300–550) 100 (380)
The builder of the establishment should explore this
Semi‑modern home Person 26–66 (100–250) 53 (200)
feature of a proposed site before the site is purchased.
Trailer park Person 32–53 (120–200) 40 (150)
After the percolation tests are completed, the quantity
of the sewage to be discharged
Table 8-7  Typical Waste-Water Flows from Commercial Sources
should be estimated to deter-
mine the size and capacity of Waste-Water Flow, gpd/unit (L/d/unit)
the disposal units. Source Unit Range Typical
Airport Passenger 2.1–4.0 (8–15) 2.6 (10)
ESTIMATING Automobile service Vehicle serviced 7.9–13.2 (30–50) 10.6 (40)
SEWAGE station Employee 9.2–15.8 (35–60) 13.2 (50)
QUANTITIES Customer 1.3–5.3 (5–20) 2.1 (8)
Bar
Normally, disposal systems are Employee 10.6–15.8 (40–60) 13.2 (50)
designed prior to the actual Guest 39.6–58.0 (150–220) 50.1 (190)
Hotel
construction of a facility. In es- Employee 7.9–13.2 (30–50) 10.6 (40)
timating the quantity of sewage, [excluding
the first consideration must Industrial building Employee 7.9–17.2 (3–65) 14.5 (55) industry and
cafeteria]
be given to local code require-
Laundry Machine 475.0–686.0 (1800–2595) 580.0 (2195)
ments. These requirements
(self‑service) Wash 47.5–52.8 (180–200) 50.1 (190)
usually result in design flows
that are considerably above Motel Person 23.8–39.6 (90–150) 31.7 (120)
average. If there are no code Motel with kitchen Person 50.2–58.1 (190–220) 52.8 (200)
requirements, the most reli- Office Employee 7.9–17.2 (30–65) 14.5 (55)
able criteria are readings from Restaurant Meal 2.1–4.0 (8–15) 2.6 (10)
water meters at similar existing Rooming house Resident 23.8‑50.1 (90–190) 39.6 (150)
buildings. These usually can be Toilet room 423.0–634.0 (1600–2400) 528.0 (2000)
Store, department
obtained from the water utility Employee 7.9–13.2 (30–50) 10.6 (40)
company. It is recommended Parking space 0.5–2.1 (2–8) 1.1 (4)
Shopping center
that a safety factor of 10% be Employee 7.9–13.2 (30–50) 10.6 (40)
added to the quantity of water
obtained to account for any method is to base the estimated flow on the number of
additional unknown requirements. However, water bedrooms. A second method is to calculate the flow on
flows that do not pass through the sewage system the basis of the number and kinds of plumbing fixture.
(e.g., irrigation) should be excluded. If the building is used as a restaurant, the number of
Where codes and actual usage data are not avail- meals served may be the best criterion. The design en-
able, it is necessary to use other methods of estimating gineer must use judgment and base an estimate upon
the amount of sewage to be discharged. For residential a combination of the various influencing factors. Refer
facilities refer to Table 8-6 for average daily wastewa- to Table 8-10 for general establishments to estimate
ter flows, including minimum and maximum flow and sewage quantities. The quantities given in the table
frequency distribution. These data are useful for the are merely the best averages available at this time;
design of systems for apartments, mobile home parks, they should be modified in localities or establishments
and similar residential facilities. Refer to Tables 8-7 where experience indicates a need to do so.
through 8-9 for typical wastewater flows from com- It is sometimes economically wise to construct
mercial, institutional, and recreational sources. separate disposal systems for different types of waste
Where measurements of water consumption are at a given establishment. The decision regarding the
not possible, it is necessary to use other methods of es- number of disposal systems may be influenced by
timating the amount of sewage to be discharged. One topography, conditions of terrain, and the locations of
 PLUMBING SYSTEMS

TABLE 9.10 Additional Capacity for Other Facilities

Capacity
Building classification (gallons)*

Apartment buildings (per bedroom—includes automatic clothes washer) 150

Assembly halls (per person—no kitchen) 2
Bars and cocktail lounges (per patron space) 9
Beauty salons (per station—includes customers) 140
Bowling centers (per lane) 125
Bowling centers with bar (per lane) 225
Campgrounds and camping resorts (per camp space) 100
Campground sanitary dump stations (per camp space)
(omit camp spaces with sewer connection) 5
Camps, day use only—no meals served (per person) 15
Camps, day and night (per person) 40
Car washes (per car handwash) 50
Catch basins—garages, service stations, etc. (per basin) 100
Catch basins—truck washing (per truck) 100
Churches—no kitchen (per person) 3
Churches—with kitchen (per person) 7.5
Condominiums (per bedroom—includes automatic clothes washer) 150
Dance halls (per person) 3
Dining halls—kitchen and toilet waste—with dishwasher, food
waste grinder or both (per meal served) 11
Dining halls—kitchen waste only (per meal served) 3
Drive-in restaurants—all paper service (per car space) 15
Drive-in restaurants—all paper service, inside seating (per seat) 15
Drive-in theaters (per car space) 5
Employees—in all buildings, per employee—total all shifts 20
Floor drains (per drain) 50
Hospitals (per bed space) 200
Hotels or motels and tourist rooming houses 100
Labor camps, central bathhouses (per employee) 30
Medical office buildings, clinics, and dental offices
Doctors, nurses, medical staff (per person) 75
Office personnel (per person) 20
Patients (per person) 10
Mobile home parks, homes with bathroom groups (per site) 300
Nursing and rest homes—without laundry (per bed space) 100
Outdoor sports facilities (toilet waste only—per person) 5
Parks, toilet wastes (per person—75 persons per acre) 5
Parks, with showers and toilet wastes (per person—75 persons per acre) 10
Restaurants—kitchen waste only—without dishwasher and food waste grinder (per seat) 9
Restaurants—toilet waste only (per seat) 21
Restraurants—kitchen and toilet wastes (per seating space) 30
Restaurants (24-hour)—kitchen and toilet wastes (per seating space) 60
Restaurants—dishwasher or food waste grinder or both (per seat) 3
Restaurants (24-hour)—dishwasher or food waste grinder (per seat) 6
Retail stores—customers 1.5
Schools (per classroom—25 pupils per classroom) 450
Schools with meals served (per classroom—25 pupils per classroom) 600
Schools with meals served and showers provided (per classroom) 750
Self-service laundries (toilet waste only, per machine) 50
Automatic clothes wasters (apartments, service buildings, etc.—per machine) 300
Service stations (per car) 10
Showers—public (per shower taken) 15
Swimming pool bathhouses (per person) 10
*
1 gal = 3.785 L.
For more complete information, see Table 6.25.

9.21
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28 ASPE Plumbing Engineering Design Handbook — Volume 2
Figure 2-2(B), the effluent storage as well as the sew-
age treatment plant (STP) utilizes the gray water to
route to the cooling tower, irrigation, and wash-down
systems and the water closet fixtures.
A gray water system requires modifications to the
standard plumbing systems throughout a facility.
There will be duplicate drainage systems. Instead of
all liquid discharged from all plumbing fixtures going
to the sanitary sewer, selected fixtures will have their
effluent routed for recovery by the gray water treat-
ment system. The remainder will go to the sanitary
sewer. There also will be duplicate water supplies.
Potable water will go to lavatories, sinks, showers,
etc., and gray water will go to water closets, urinals,
and other fixtures, depending on the quality of the
gray water treatment.
Special care must be taken during the ­installation
of a gray water system. Clear identification and label-
ing of the gray water system is mandatory. This will
minimize the risk of cross-connection during instal-
lation or repair of the system.
Many newly formed, planned communities have
adopted gray water systems for their irrigation sys-
tems. Warning “nonpotable water” signs or colored
PVC piping is now visible across city landscapes.
Blue dye has become a clear identification of the use
of gray water.
System Components
The following components are generally used for most
systems. Their arrangement and type depend on the
specific treatment system selected.
1. A separate gray water collection piping system.
2. A primary waste treatment system consisting of
turbidity removal, storage, biological treatment,
and filtering.
3. Disinfecting systems consisting of ozone, ultra-
violet irradiation, chlorine, or iodine.
4. Treated water storage and system distribution
pressure pumps and piping.
Design Criteria for
Gray water Supply and
Consumption
It is estimated that 2/3 of the wastewater discharged
from a typical household in one day is gray water. The
remaining wastewater (that is, 1/3 of the discharge)
is black water from water closets. The discharge
from the separate piping systems supplying the gray
water system should be sized based on the applicable
plumbing code.
The following issues should be considered in the
design of any gray water system:
1. The design flow is based on the number of people
in a facility.
2. Lavatory use is estimated at 0.25 gal/use (0.95
L/use).
3. Men use urinals 75% of the time and water closets
25% of the time.
4. The average person uses a toilet three times a
day.
Design Estimates for Commercial
Buildings
Gray water supply
Estimates of gray water supply sources vary in com-
mercial buildings. In an office building, fixtures such
as lavatories, ­ water coolers, mop sinks, and coffee
sinks are estimated to generate 1 gal/day/person
(3.79 L/day/person). For an office building with 500
employees, we would expect to be able to recover 500
gal/day (1,893 L/day) for gray water reuse. Based on
five working days/week and 50 weeks/year annual
use, 125,000 gal/yr (473,177 L/yr) could be available
for gray water reuse.
Gray water demand
The gray water demand for an office building is esti-
mated based on three toilet or urinal uses/day/person.
For calculation purposes, assume the population is
50% male and 50% female and that men use urinals
75% of the time and water closets 25% of the time.
For an office building with 500 employees, we would
estimate the gray water demand as follows:
250 males × 3 flushes/day × 0.5 gal/flush
(urinals) × 75% usage = 281 gal/day
250 males × 3 flushes/day × 1.6 gal/flush (water
closets) × 25% usage = 300 gal/day
250 women × 3 flushes/day × 1.6 gal/flush (water
closets) = 1,200 gal/day
TOTAL gray water demand = 1,781 gal/
day = approx. 445,250 gal/yr
[250 males × 3 flushes/day × 1.89 L/flush
(urinals) × 75% usage = 1,063 L/day
250 males × 3 flushes/day × 6.06 L/flush (water
closets) × 25% usage = 1,136 L/day
250 women × 3 flushes/day × 6.06 L/flush (water
closets) = 4,545 L/day
TOTAL gray water demand = 6,744 L/day = approx.
1,686,000 L/yr]
This example shows that approximately 3.6 gal/
person/day (13.5 L/person/day) are needed to supply
gray water to toilets and urinals for a 500-employee
office. This demand could be supplied in part by the
1 gal/person/day available from the fixtures identified
in the gray water supply section above.
In shopping centers, flow rates are based on square
feet (m2) of space, not the number of persons. The