velocity and acceleration-12 Governor-8 Gyroscope-7 Make theory as well as numerical question

according to the topic and paper

1. The expression for the ratio of the heights of Porter governor of equal length of arms and links, to the
height of a Watt governor is:

𝑀
A.
𝑚+𝑀
𝑚
B.
𝑚+𝑀

𝑚+𝑀
C.
𝑚

𝑚+𝑀
D.
𝑀

Ans. C

Solution:

Height of a Porter governor of equal link and arm length is:

895 (𝑀+𝑚)
ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 =
𝑁2 𝑚

Height of a Watt governor is:

895
ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡 =
𝑁2
Thus:
ℎ𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚 + 𝑀
=
ℎ𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡 𝑚

2. Which of the given governors is used in a gramophone?

A. Pickering governor

B. Hartnell governor

C. Hartgung governor

D. Watt governor

Ans. A

Solution:

A pickering governor is used in a gramophone.

3. The controlling force for a governor is related to its radius of rotation as:

𝐹(𝑟) = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑏

The governor will be:

A. Stable
B. Unstable

C. Isochronous

D. Hunting

Ans. B

Solution:

For a governor to be isochronous, the controlling force curve must be:

𝐹(𝑟) = 𝑎𝑟 − 𝑏

4. In a Hartnell governor, the sleeve and ball arms are 80 and 160 mm respectively. The centrifugal forces
at radius of 25 cm and 35 cm are 260 N and 490 N respectively. The stiffness of the spring used is:

A. 14365 N/m

B. 15200 N/m

C. 18400 N/m

D. 20145 N/m

Ans. C

Solution:

The stiffness of the spring used is:

𝑎 2 𝐹2 − 𝐹1
𝑠 = 2( ) [ ]
𝑏 𝑟2 − 𝑟1

160 2 490 − 260

𝑠 = 2( ) [ ] = 18400 𝑁/𝑚
80 0.35 − 0.25
5. A Watt governor rotates at a vertical height of 250 mm at a speed of 60 rpm. If the speed is now
changed to 80 rpm, its new vertical height in mm will be:

A. 198.6

B. 112.3

C. 178.4

D. 140.6

Ans. D

Solution:

For a Watt governor:

ℎ1 𝑁12 = ℎ2 𝑁22

250𝑥602 = ℎ2 𝑥802

ℎ2 = 140.625 𝑚𝑚

6. A Hartnell governor has its minimum and maximum equilibrium speeds of 150 and 250 rpm. The
percentage sensitivity of the governor is:

A. 25

B. 50
C. 75

D. 15

Ans. B

Solution:

Sensitivity of a governor is given by:

𝑁2 − 𝑁1 250 − 150 1
𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = = 50%
𝑁1 + 𝑁2 150 + 250 2
2 2
7. For an isochronous governor, the controlling force at a radius of 50 mm is 250 N. The controlling force
at 75 mm radius will be:

A. 375 N

B. 350 N

C. 325 N

D. Insufficient data

Ans. A

Solution:

For an isochronous governor:

𝐹∝𝑟
𝐹2 𝑟2
=
𝐹1 𝑟1
𝐹2 75
=
250 50
𝐹2 = 375 𝑁

8. Which of the following is true for a hunting governor?

A. It is more stable

B. It is less sensitive

C. It is more sensitive

D. None of these

Ans. C

A governor is said to hunt when it continuously fluctuates between the two speeds. Such a governor is
more sensitive.

9. A disc is spinning on its axis at a speed of 25 rad/s and undergoes precession when 150 N-m torque is
applied about a normal axis with an angular speed of:

The mass moment of inertia of disc is 1 kg-𝑚2

A. 1 rad/s

B. 4 rad/s

C. 2 rad/s
D. 3.5 rad/s

Ans. B
Solution:

The gyroscopic torque is:

𝑇 = 𝐼𝜔𝜔𝑝

100 = 1𝑥25𝑥𝜔𝑝

𝜔𝑝 = 4 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠

10. A turbine motor of 4000 kg mass has a radius of gyration of 0.6 m and a speed of 5000 rpm. The ship
3𝜋
is pitching in SHM with period of pitching seconds. The angular velocity of precession if the total
2
angular displacement between extreme positions is 36 ° is:
7
A. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
15

4
B. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
15

2
C. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
15

1
D. 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
15

Ans. C

Solution:

Total angle of swing 2𝜙 = 36°

18 𝜋
𝜙 = 18° = 𝜋=
180 10
Angular velocity of SHM:
2𝜋 2𝜋𝑥2 4
𝜔1 = = = 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑡 3𝜋 3
The velocity of precession is:
𝜋 4 4𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 2
𝜔𝑝 = 𝜙𝜔1 = 𝑥 = = 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
10 3 30 𝑠 15

11. In gyroscopic motion, the angular velocity of precession was found to be 5 rad/s and the angular
velocity of the body was 15 rad/s. The gyroscopic acceleration will be:

A. 0

B. 75 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2

C. 3 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2

D. 20 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2

Ans. B

Solution:
The gyroscopic acceleration is given as:

𝛼𝑔𝑦𝑟𝑜 = 𝜔𝜔𝑝 = 15𝑥5 = 75 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 2

12. A disc is rigidly fixed to rotating shaft at an angle of 𝜃. The shaft rotates at an angular speed of 𝜔. Let
𝐼𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑑 denote the moments of inertia about the polar and diametral axis. The gyroscopic torque on the
disc is:
1
A. 𝐼𝑝 𝜔2 sin 2𝜃
2

1
B. (𝐼𝑝 − 𝐼𝑑 )𝜔2 sin 2𝜃
2

1
C. 𝐼𝐷 𝜔2 sin 2𝜃
2

1
D. (𝐼𝑝 − 𝐼𝑑 )𝜔2 cos 2𝜃
2

Ans. B

Solution:

The gyroscopic torque on the disc is given by:

1
𝐶= (𝐼 − 𝐼𝑑 )𝜔2 sin 2𝜃
2 𝑝

13. A bike is moving on a curved flat road of radius 200 m with a speed of 25 m/s. The combined moment
of inertia of the rotating masses is 16 kg-m2. Consider rotating masses of the engine have an angular
speed of 50 rad/s in clockwise direction when viewed from the front of the bike. Find the magnitude of
the gyroscopic moment.

A. 150 N-m

B. 125 N-m

C. 100 N-m

D. 75 N-m

Ans. C

Solution:

Gyroscopic moment = I𝜔𝜔𝑃

𝑉
= 16 x 50 x
𝑅

25
= 16 x 50 x = 100 N-m
200

14. Gyroscopic effect will be Zero in case of

A. Steering during ship turns left

B. Steering during ship turns right

C. Ship during pitching

D. Ship during rolling

Ans. D
Solution:

As the axes of the rolling of the ship and of the rotor are parallel, there is no precession of the axis of spin
and thus there is no gyroscopic effect.

15. The pitching of the ship indicate that

A. Bow moves up and down and the stern is along longitudinal axis

B. Bow moves up and down and the stern is along transverse axis

C. Ship turns left and right

D. None of the above

Ans. B

Solution:

Pitching of the ship is usually considered to take place with simple harmonic motion. In case of pitching
bow will be move in upward and downward direction and stern is along the transverse axis.

16. Coriolis component of acceleration depends upon

A. Angular velocity of the link

B. Acceleration of the slider

C. Angular velocity of link velocity of the slider

D. Both angular velocity of link and acceleration of the slider

Ans. C

Solution:

Coriolis component of acceleration is given by: aC = 2V𝜔

So this is related to velocity of the slider and the angular velocity of the link.

17. Total number of instantaneous canters of rotation for a mechanism having six links is

A. 3

B. 15

C. 5

D. 6

Ans. B

Solution:

Given n =6
𝑛(𝑛−1)
Total numbers of instantaneous canters of rotation =
2

6 ×5
= = 15
2

18. The direction of the relative velocity of a point A with respect to another point B on a rotating link is

A. Along the line AB

B. Perpendicular to line AB
C. Depends on the direction of rotation of link

D. Depends on the magnitude of angular velocity of the link

Ans. B

Solution: The direction of the relative velocity of a point A with respect to another point B on a rotating
link is Perpendicular to line AB.

19. The equation of motion of a body which starts from rest and moves in straight line is

S = t4 + 2t2 + 5

Here S is displacement in m and t is time in s. Its velocity (in m/s) after 2 sec is

A. 45
B. 28
C. 33
D. 40

Ans. D

Solution:

Given S = t4 + 2t2 + 5
𝑑𝑠
V= =4t3 +4t
𝑑𝑡

At t = 2 sec

V = 4x23+4x2 = 40 m/s

20. In a slider-crank mechanism, the crank is rotating with an angular velocity of 10 rad/s in clockwise
direction. At the instant when the crank is perpendicular to the direction of the piston movement, velocity
of the piston is 4 m/s. Radius of the crank is

A. 0.4 cm

B. 4 cm

C. 40 cm

D. 400 cm

Ans.
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
Solution: Velocity of the piston is Vp = r𝜔(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + )
𝑛

When crank is perpendicular to the direction of piston movement 𝜃 =90°

So Vp = r𝜔
Vp 4
=r= = =0.4 m
𝜔 10

= 40 cm

21. A slider having mass 0.25 kg is sliding radially outward on a link with uniform velocity 2 m/s. if the
link is rotating in anticlockwise direction with uniform angular velocity 2 rad/s and the distance of slider
at the instant given in figure is 1 m then absolute acceleration of the block at this instant will be
A. 4 m/s2

B. 8 m/s2

C. 4√5 m/s2

D. 8√5 m/s2

Ans. C

Solution:

𝑎𝑟 =r𝜔2
Radial component of acceleration ⃗⃗⃗⃗

= 1 x 22 = 4 m/s2

Coriolis component of acceleration ⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑎𝑐 = 2 𝜔𝑉

= 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 m/s2

Total acceleration = 𝑎 =√42 + 82 =4√5 m/s2

22. The instantaneous centres which vary with the configuration of the mechanism is known as

A. Fixed instantaneous centres

B. permanent instantaneous centres

C. neither fixed nor permanent instantaneous centres

D. None of the above

Ans. C

Solution:

The permanent instantaneous centres move when the mechanism moves, but the joints are of permanent
in nature. Fixed instantaneous centres remain in the same place for all configurations of the
mechanism. Instantaneous centres which is neither fixed nor permanent vary with the configuration of
the mechanism.

23. The instantaneous centre of rotation of a sliding block on a horizontal surface is located at

A. The point of contact

B. centre of gravity of sliding block

C. Any point along the line of sliding

D. None of the above

Ans. D

Solution: The instantaneous centre of rotation of a sliding block on a horizontal surface is located at
infinite distance from the horizontal surface in vertical direction.
24. Consider a four bar mechanism shown in the given figure. The input link AB is rotated with a uniform
angular velocity 5 rad/s and uniform angular acceleration 10 rad/sec2 in clockwise direction. The
tangential and radial acceleration of point B will be respectively

A. 3 m/s2 and 7.5 m/s2

B. 7.5 m/s2 and m/s2

C. 3 m/s2 and zero

D. zero and 7.5 m/s2

Ans. A

Solution:

Given r = 300 mm, 𝜔 = 5 rad/sec and α = 10 rad/sec2

Tangential acceleration of point B = rα = 0.3x10 = 3 m/s2

Radial acceleration of point B = r𝜔2 = 0.3x5x5 = 7.5 m/s2

25. In a Hooke's joint, maximum velocity ratio between driving and driven shaft is possible when θ is

A. 0°

B. 90°

C. 180°

D. Both 0° and 180°

Ans. D

Solution:

In a Hooke's joint, maximum velocity ratio between driving and driven shaft is given by
𝜔2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
=
𝜔1 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃

For maximum velocity ratio the denominator is minimum

i.e. 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 is minimum

So, 𝜃 = 0° 𝑜𝑟 180°

26. Klein’s construction gives a graphical construction for

A. Acceleration polygon

B. Velocity polygon

C. Both velocity and acceleration polygon

D. None of the above

Ans. C
Solution:

Klein's construction is used to draw the graphical construction of acceleration and velocity polygon of a
slider crank mechanism.

27. Kennedy’s Theorem states that “For the relative motion between the numbers of links in a
mechanism” any

A. Two links and there I centre lie on a straight line

B. Two links and there I centre lie on a same point

C. Three links and there I centre lie on a straight line

D. Three links and there I centre lie on a triangle

Ans. C

Solution: Kennedy's theorem identifies of three rigid bodies in motion and the three instantaneous
canters shared by three rigid bodies in relative motion to one another all lie on the same straight line.