ROOT

Tap root system: Mustard (majority of dicot)

Fibrous root system: Wheat (monocots)
Adventitious root system: Grass, Monstera, Banyan tree
Modifications of Root
Storage roots: Carrot, Turnip, Sweet potato
Prop roots: Banyan tree
Stilt roots: Maize, Sugarcane
Pneumatophores: Rhizophora

STEM
Modifications of Stem
Underground stem: Potato, Ginger, Turmeric, Zaminkand,
Colocasia

Stem Tendrils: Gourds (Cucumber, Pumpkins, Watermelon)

and Grapevines.

Thorns: Citrus, Bougainvillea.

Stolon’s: Mint, Jasmine

Offsets: Pistia, Eicchornia
Suckers: Banana, Pineapple, Chrysanthemum
Runners: Grasses
Modification of Aerial Stem: Opuntia, Euphorbia

LEAVES

Parallel Venation: Monocots

Reticulate Venation: Dicots
Pinnately compound leaf: Neem
Palmately compound leaves: Silk cotton

Phyllotaxy
Alternate: China rose, Mustard, Sunflower
Opposite: Guava, Calotropis
Whorled: Alstonia

Modifications of Leaves
Tendrils: Peas
Spines: Cactus
Storage: Onion, Garlic
Phyllodes: Australian acacia
Insectivores plants: Pitcher plant, Venus-fly trap

FLOWER
Actinomorphic Flower: Mustard, Datura, chilli
Zygomorphic Flower: Gulmohur, Bean, Cassia
Asymmetric Flower: Canna

Hypogynous Flower: Mustard, China rose and Brinjal

Perigynous: Plum, Rose, Peach.
Epigynous: Guava, Cucumber, Ray floret of flower

Aestivation
Valvate: Calotropis
Twisted: China rose, Lady’s finger, Cotton
Imbricate: Cassia, Gulmohur
Vexillary: Pea, Bean flower

Androecium
Epipetalous: Brinjal
Epiphyllous: Lily
Monoadelphous: China rose
Diadelphous: Pea
Polyadelphous: Citrus
Variations in length of filaments within a flower: Salvia,
Mustard

Gynoecium
Apocarpous: Lotus, Rose
Syncarpous: Mustard, Tomato

Placentation
Marginal: Pea plant
Axile: China rose, Tomato, Lemon
Parietal: Mustard, Argemone
Free-Central: Primrose, Dianthus
Basal: Sunflower, Marigold

Fruit
Drupe: Mango, Coconut

Seed
Monocot: Wheat, Maize
Dicot: Gram, Pea
Endospermous Seed: Castor
Non-Endospermous Seed: Bean, Gram, Pea

Families
Fabaceae: Gram, Arhar, Sem, Moong, Soyabean,
Groundnut, Indigofera, Sunhemp, Sesbania, Trifolium,
Lupin, Sweet pea, Muliathi.

Solanaceae: Tomato, Brinjal, Potato, Chilli, Belladonna,

Ashwagandha, Tobacco, Petunia

Liliaceae: Tulip, Gloriosa, Aloe, Asparagus, Colchicine

(Colchicum autumnale).