DOCUMENTATION

Index (Double-click on an erogenous cell to jump to its section)

Spreadsheet title
Current version
Author
Summary
Copyright
Licensing conditions
Disclaimer
Modification history
Register for updates
Detailed instructions for use
Whether to use the uncoupled or the coupled results
A dynamic force with multiple directional components
Calculation of "combined displacements"
A possible approach for "more complicated" dynamic loadings
Units
Test problem(s)
"Tweaking" the spreadsheet's behaviour
Use of "protection" within the spreadsheet
References
A personal note
End of documentation

Spreadsheet title Dynamics of Machinery Foundation

Current version 4.02

Author Robert Niall

rmniall48@gmail.com
http://rmniall.com

Summary This spreadsheet implements the analysis method described in the book
"Design of Structures and Foundations for Vibrating Machines" by S.Arya,
M.O'Neill & G.Pincus, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1979.
In particular it emulates Table 6-2 of the book, to which it has added
a few embellishments.

The foundation is assumed to be a rigid concrete pad, possibly with some

additional concrete blocks rigidly attached to it. This is bearing on the
ground, perhaps embedded slightly within it. The foundation is supporting a
vibrating machine which is imposing a harmonic loading upon it.

You should note that the spreadsheet is totally incapable of accommodating,

or even recognising, any applied moment about a vertical axis ("yawing").

Copyright Copyright © 1991–2018 Robert Niall

Licensing conditions

This spreadsheet is free software. You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the

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GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
or (at your option) any later version.

See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of this license
along with the spreadsheet. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Disclaimer

This spreadsheet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful. However it is distributed WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY, without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

The spreadsheet cannot be guaranteed to give correct results, and anyone who uses it must check its results
by hand calculations or other means. All information it presents is for review, verification, interpretation,
approval and application by a suitably qualified Professional Engineer.

Modification history
When By whom
Version Comments released released
1.00 Written to bypass the enormous tedium and Oct 1991 Rob Niall
error-proneness of the manual process. (Lotus 2.01)
··· Numerous improvements over the intervening years.
2.00 Converted from Lotus 2.01 to Microsoft Excel-97. Jan 2001 Rob Niall
··· Numerous minor improvements.
2.10 Coupling introduced. Some minor cosmetic changes. Apr 2002 Rob Niall
3.00 Converted to an appropriate format for public release. Nov 2013 Rob Niall
Rough isometric sketch added.
3.01 Added warning when rotation level is not at underside of Jan 2015 Rob Niall
main foundation. Display "sign" of each concrete block.
Documented the need to put any Spreadsheet password
into the VBA. Minor cosmetic improvements.
3.02 Minor change to subroutine GiveActivePlotEqualScales. Jan 2017 Rob Niall
Checked the spreadsheet runs under Excel-2013.
4.00 MAJOR REVISION. Introduced a choice between "Metric" Oct 2017 Rob Niall
and "US" units. (Thanks for the suggestion, Kevin.)
Fixed a minor error in the coupled Y & XX motions.
Eliminated extrapolation of "effective damping coefficient"
data in Table 4-5 in the book by Arya, O'Neill & Pincus,
for which I plead the Streaker's Defence. Any advice on
the correct way to handle this will be appreciated.
Improved the equation fitting for the curves in Figure 4-1,
and also eliminated extrapolation for all three curves.
Revised method used to calculate combined displacements,
for both the uncoupled and the coupled analyses.
Improved handling of "close to resonance" cases.
4.01 Added some extra guidance notes and cell comments. May 2018 Rob Niall
Added checks for mass ratio and horizontal eccentricity.
Added documentation section on "possible approach to
more complicated problems" (see below).
4.02 Fixed rare timing problem in Workbook_Open(). Oct 2018 Rob Niall
Changed the VBA password.

Register for updates

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If you want to be advised when this spreadsheet is updated, please "register" by sending an e-mail
to the author at the address given above.

Detailed instructions for use

» It would be a good idea to do a set of calculations by hand before you first use the spreadsheet. This
would ensure you understand the problem and the approach taken. However this is almost certainly
wishful thinking on my part, because even if you manage to obtain a copy of Arya's book you won't
have the required time. So ...
» Set up a three dimensional cartesian coordinate system whose Z axis must point vertically upwards.
» Enter some sort of job description in the title line.
» Enter the geometry of the mass concrete. Each rectangular block is described by the end coordinates
of its three-dimensional diagonal. This diagonal should normally "point" in the positive direction. If it
points in the negative direction the block concerned will be subtracted rather than added.
» Ensure that the first block is the main bearing one, as it defines:
(a) the length and breadth of the soil contact area;
(b) the Z-coordinate of the soil contact area.
If necessary, use a dummy first block, either by giving it a trivial thickness, or by "subtracting it out"
with a later block.
» Change the assumed density of concrete if necessary.
» Enter the mass properties for the machine whose dynamic forces are being analysed.
» Enter the mass properties of any other components (such as gear boxes). Obviously any such
components must be rigidly attached to the machine or to the concrete blocks.
» Check the assumed rotation level in the "Rotation point" line, and change it if necessary.
» Enter the soil properties and the EFFECTIVE embedment. This will often be less than the
actual embedment, perhaps because the upper part has been disturbed by construction activity.
» Enter the amplitudes of the dynamic forces (see below).
» Enter the coordinates of the point of application of the dynamic forces.
» At this stage you can look at a rough isometric sketch for some visual verification of your model,
provided on the eponymous chartsheet.
» Enter the frequency at which the dynamic force is applied.
» If the frequency ratio is close to unity, most codes of practice require you to assume that resonance
will occur. Enter the range inside which you wish resonance to be assumed.
» Enter appropriate values for the internal soil damping ratio. The spreadsheet as shipped has values
of 0.05 entered, because of the test problem. In the absence of proper geotechnical advice it might
be safer to use values of, say, 0.03.
» If there are any key points at which displacements are wanted enter their coordinates in the cells
provided, but be sure to read how these "combined displacements" are calculated (see below).

Whether to use the uncoupled or the coupled results

Having established the dynamic properties of the system, the spreadsheet uses these properties to predict
the system's response to a dynamic loading. It does this in two ways.
» Uncoupled behaviour. This is the approach taken in Arya's book. The system is assumed to have five
independent dynamic degrees of freedom: three translational ones and two rotational ones.
Rotation about the vertical axis ("yawing") is ignored.
» Coupled behaviour. Here each of the two horizontal-translational degrees of freedom is assumed
to be coupled with the appropriate rotational degree of freedom. Thus X & YY are coupled,
and Y & XX are coupled. Under these circumstances the system has only three independent
degrees of freedom.

This leads to an obvious question. When should you use the uncoupled results and when should you use

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the coupled results? I do not know, and while I still gives the question occasional thought
I do not expect enlightenment any time soon. All I can suggest in the meantime is to be prudent
and use whichever approach gives the severest result.

A dynamic force with multiple directional components

It is important to be aware that each directional component of the dynamic force you specify will be treated
as a separate independent force. The components will not be treated as vector components of a single
force. All of these independent orthogonal forces will be assumed to have magnitudes that vary sinusoidally,
but their relative phases are unknowable to the analysis. (Usually the phases will be close to exactly
in-phase or exactly out-of-phase, but the spreadsheet's conditional "assume resonance" feature can
confound this.)

When calculating "combined displacements" the spreadsheet assumes that the relative phasing of the
force components is whatever will cause the worst result.

Calculation of "combined displacements"

A further instance where the spreadsheet will assume the worst relative phasing is with the directional
components of the displacements resulting from each component of the dynamic response. For the
uncoupled analysis there are five independent dynamic responses: X, Y , Z, XX and YY. For the
coupled analysis there are three: X coupled with YY, Y coupled with XX, and Z.

As with the different force components of the dynamic force, the relative phases of these
dynamic response components are unknowable to the analysis. A further complication here is that
whether two response components are (close to exactly) in-phase or (close to exactly) out-of-phase
depends also on where in the structure you are attempting to calculate the "combined displacements".

Again, the approach adopted is to assume that the relative phasing is whatever will produce the
largest "combined displacement".

A possible approach for "more complicated" dynamic loadings

If you have a problem involving forces and/or moments that cannot be adequately modelled as
a single force at a single point, you might consider using part of this spreadsheet as a "pre-processor"
for a subsequent analysis using a fully-fledged structural dynamics program. You could use the
spreadsheet to calculate the various spring constants and damping factors that model the support that the
soil provides to the structure. You would then apply these values to a single "support node" in the model
you build for the structural dynamics program. (Such an approach would probably not automatically
handle the situation where resonance needs to be assumed because the operating frequency is close to the
natural frequency.)

An approach like this could also be considered if your problem involves such complications as:
» Internal flexibility.
» Difficulty deciding whether coupled or uncoupled behaviour will apply.

Units

The user can select between two sets of units, both of which are horribly inconsistent. One set
can be loosely described as "Metric", and the other as "US". You indicate your choice by
#VALUE!

This messy situation with the units resulted from practising engineers prevailing upon me to cast aside

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my purist principles for a change. (Yes, I've regretted it ever since.)

Units used in the spreadsheet are:

"Metric" "US"
mass kg lbm
length (generally) m ft
length (displacements) mm in
moment of inertia kg.m² lbm.ft²
rotation radian radian
rotational speed rpm rpm
shear modulus MPa ksf
density kg/m³ lbm/ft³
force kN kip
moment kn.m kip.ft
trans'l spring stiffness kN/m kip/ft
rotn'l spring stiffness kN.m/rad kip.ft/rad

To help the user get things right the units for each relevant data item are clearly indicated.

Test problem(s)

The spreadsheet is supplied with its input cells preloaded with a "standard" test problem, this being
an attempt to replicate the problem used in Table 6-2 of the book by Arya et al. (Therefore the problem
uses "US" units.)

The output from a sample problem using "Metric" units is provided as a screen image on the worksheet
named Sample_problem.

"Tweaking" the spreadsheet's behaviour

The spreadsheet includes a means for the user to make some minor changes to the way it behaves. This
is initiated by running a macro called the Tweaker, whose shortcut is Ctrl-Shift-T.

When you run the Tweaker you are invited to enter an integer number which encodes the changes you
want to activate. Each change has its own integer component, and you enter the sum of the components
corresponding to your desired changes. This sum is called the Tweak Level.

The possible changes are:

32 Turn all the spreadsheet's protection off
256 Show the spreadsheet's Introduction Screen again

The Tweak Level is always set to zero whenever you fire up the spreadsheet. Any value you subsequently
assign to it will persist until you explicitly change it again by re-running the Tweaker macro (or until you
close the spreadsheet). If you want to see the current Tweak Level without changing it, run the macro
but enter a null response to its request for a new value.

Use of "protection" within the spreadsheet

All worksheets in this spreadsheet are "protected", with the only unlocked cells being those in which the
user is allowed to enter data. This is done purely as a way of ensuring that cells containing important
formulae cannot be overwritten in a careless moment. As a visual aid to the user, the unlocked cells
have been given a faint yellow background colour.

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There is no password enforcing the protection, so you can readily "unprotect" any worksheet if you
want to. However this is not recommended unless you have a good reason, and so to make such
behaviour a bit more difficult the protection is automatically re-applied whenever the spreadsheet is
opened. If you do decide to put a password on the worksheets you will need to share that news
with the VBA code in the WorkbookOpen event handler.

The macro code (the "VBA Project") that forms part of the spreadsheet is also protected, but with a
password enforcing the protection. This is done so that if the VBA code encounters an error it will not
expose itself to the user. The password that has been used for this purpose is "OpenSesame".

References

» Arya, S., M. O'Neill & G. Pincus, Design of Structures and Foundations for Vibrating Machines,
Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 1979. In particular see Table 6-2 of this book.
NOTE. In Table 6-2 (and also in one place in Table 1-4) the book erroneously gives the formula for
the resonant frequency as fr = fo / Ö(1-2D²) rather than the correct fr = fo × Ö(1-2D²).

This excellent book seems to be out of print, and (unsurprisingly) second hand copies are
stratospherically expensive. A poor quality PDF reproduction was available for download from URL
https://epdf.tips/queue/design-of-structures-foundations-for-vibrating-machines.html
in March 2018, but I cannot vouch for its provenance, its authenticity, its completeness or its legitimacy.

» Prakash, S., and V. Puri, Foundations for Machines: Analysis and Design,
John Wiley & Sons, 1988. In particular see Chapter 6 of this book.
NOTE. While studying this book to implement its approach to coupled vibrations I encountered
what I strongly believe to be several errors. I sought the opinion of a knowledgeable colleague
at my work, and he agreed with me. I then wrote a short document describing the errors.
A copy of this document should have been included in the download package for this spreadsheet.

» Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, by J.E.Bowles, McGraw-Hill, 1977.

In particular see Section 20-8 of this book.
A fourth edition was published in 1988, and a paperback version was released in 2001.
NOTE. The edition of Bowles's book that I used when developing this spreadsheet (and I
cannot remember which edition that was) contains some fairly obvious errors in its
equations (20-21) through (20-23).

A personal note

This is the very first spreadsheet I ever wrote. I embarked upon it principally as a learning exercise,
and it has continued to teach me things from time to time ever since.

It is a moot point whether the spreadsheet in its current incarnation can claim to be the "same"
spreadsheet as that Lotus-based thing I struggled with all those years ago. The situation reminds me
of that joke about the old family axe: "This has been the family's axe since my grandfather's time. It
has had two new heads and five new handles, but it's still going strong."

End of documentation

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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MACHINERY FOUNDATION Version 4.02

This spreadsheet implements the analysis method described in the book "Design of Structures and
Foundations for Vibrating Machines" by S.Arya, M.O'Neill & G.Pincus, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,
1979, herein after referred to as "AO&P". It emulates Table 6-2 of that book (with some embellishments).
For brief instructions, see the "Documentation" worksheet.

Attempt to reproduce the example in Table 6-2 of the above book

System of units US ·

Centre of gravity calculations

Concrete density 150 lbm/ft³

Concrete blocks: X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2
(ft) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft) (ft)
Main Foundation (+) -13.750 -7.875 0.000 13.750 7.875 5.000
Add'l block #1
Add'l block #2
Add'l block #3
Add'l block #4
Add'l block #5
Add'l block #6
Add'l block #7
Add'l block #8
Add'l block #9

Machinery etc: Mass Xg Yg Zg Ixx Iyy Izz

(lbm) (ft) (ft) (ft) (lbm.ft²) (lbm.ft²) (lbm.ft²)
Main Machine 57,475 0.000 0.000 7.333 0 0 0
Add'l mass #1
Add'l mass #2
Add'l mass #3
Add'l mass #4
Add'l mass #5
Add'l mass #6
Add'l mass #7

TOTALS (Concrete / Machinery / Both combined): ·

Concrete alone 324,844 0.000 0.000 2.500 7,563,368 21,320,162 27,187,053
Machinery alone 57,475 0.000 0.000 7.333 969,193 969,193 0
Combined 382,319 0.000 0.000 3.227 8,532,561 22,289,355 27,187,053
Rotation/resistance point 0.000 0.000 0.000 #VALUE!
Combined props about rot'n level 12,512,757 26,269,552
Horizontal eccentricity of CoG 0% 0% ·
Mass ratio 5.7

Soil and embedment properties

Dynamic shear modulus (ksf) 2016 · Density (lbm/ft³) 117 ·

Poisson's ratio 0.35 · Effective embedment (ft) 3 ·

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Dynamic forces
X Y Z
Force amplitudes (kip) 0.725 0 1.329 ·
Point of app'n (ft) -2.750 0.000 8.000
Operating frequency (rpm) 585
Assume resonance if frequency ratio (r) is inside the range 0.70 1.30 ·

Dynamic properties
X-dir'n YY-rot'n Y-dir'n XX-rot'n Z-dir'n
Spring constants:
Equiv radius (ft) Ro 11.742 13.654 11.742 10.333 11.742
Spring embedment factor h 1.232 1.175 1.232 1.235 1.100
Spring coefficient b 0.963 0.574 1.007 0.431 2.211
Equiv spring const (kip/ft or kip.ft/rad) 134,441 24,920,930 140,511 11,268,812 156,972
Damping ratios:
Embedment factor a 1.623 1.024 1.623 1.041 1.255
Mass ratio B 0.408 0.115 0.408 0.221 0.328
Effective damping coeff't n 1.600 1.574
Geometric damping ratio Dg 0.732 0.302 0.732 0.196 0.931
Internal damping ratio Di 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
Total damping ratio Dt 0.782 0.352 0.782 0.246 0.981

Calculations for uncoupled motions

X-dir'n YY-rot'n Y-dir'n XX-rot'n Z-dir'n
Natural (undamped) freq (rpm) fn 1016 1668 1038 1625 1098
Resonant (damped) freq (rpm) fr – 1447 – 1524 –
Applied force (kip or kip.ft) 0.7 5.8 0.0 0.0 1.3
Calculated frequency ratio r 0.576 0.351 0.563 0.360 0.533
Freq ratio used in calcs below 0.576 0.351 0.563 0.360 0.533
Magnification factor Md 0.892 1.098 0.897 1.126 0.789
Displacement amplitude (±) (ft or rad) 4.808E-06 2.5544E-07 0 0 6.6809E-06
Transmissibility T 1.200 1.130 1.196 1.143 1.142
Transmitted force (kip or kip.ft) 0.9 6.6 0.0 0.0 1.5

Combined displacements ± (in):

Location X-coord Y-coord Z-coord X-displ Y-displ Z-displ Resultant
(ft) (ft) (ft) (in) (in) (in) (in)
At machine C of G 0.000 0.000 7.333 0.000080 0.000000 0.000080 0.000113
At some other point 0.000058 0.000000 0.000080 0.000099
At a third point 0.000058 0.000000 0.000080 0.000099

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Calculations for coupled rocking and sliding motions

Since the exciting horizontal force is (in general) applied at a different level from the horizontal sliding
resistance, there is a possibility that the rocking and sliding modes will not be independent as assumed
above, but will be coupled. The following calculations investigate the consequences of coupling.

The method used for the natural frequencies comes from the book "Foundations for Machines: Analysis
and Design", by S.Prakash and V.Puri, John Wiley & Sons, 1988, in its chapter 6.

The method used for the damped response analysis comes from the book "Foundation Analysis and Design",
by J.E.Bowles, McGraw-Hill, 1977, in its section 20-8.

X & YY Y & XX

Coupled (undamped) nat freq #1 (rpm) 978 960

Elev of centre of rotation #1 (ft) -40.709 -18.945
Coupled (undamped) nat freq #2 (rpm) 1882 2129
Elev of centre of rotation #2 (ft) 4.554 4.233

Frequency ratio #1 0.60 · 0.61 ·

Frequency ratio #2 0.31 · 0.27 ·
·
Cosine component of translation (ft) 3.795E-06 0
Sine component of translation (ft) 4.4045E-06 0
\ Amplitude of translation motion (ft) 5.814E-06 0
Cosine component of rotation (radian) 2.6327E-07 0
Sine component of rotation (radian) 8.9962E-08 0
\ Amplitude of rotation motion (radian) 2.7822E-07 0

Combined displacements ± (in):

Location X-coord Y-coord Z-coord X-displ Y-displ Z-displ Resultant
(ft) (ft) (ft) (in) (in) (in) (in)
At machine C of G 0.000 0.000 7.333 0.000083 0.000000 0.000080 0.000116
At some other point 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000081 0.000000 0.000080 0.000114
At a third point 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000081 0.000000 0.000080 0.000114

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1 2
Large circle = CoG of main machine
Small circles = CoG of additional
masses
Star = point where load is applied
Arrows = load components

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

Below is an image of the Calculations worksheet for the sample problem. (This image was created
using the 6 pulldown beside the Copy button in the Clipboard section of the Ribbon's Home tab.)

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF MACHINERY FOUNDATION Version 4.00

This spreadsheet implements the analysis method described in the book "Design of Structures and
Foundations for Vibrating Machines" by S.Arya, M.O'Neill & G.Pincus, Gulf Publishing Company,
Houston, 1979. In particular it emulates Table 6-2 of that book.
For brief instructions, see the "Documentation" worksheet.

Standard sample problem for "metric" units

System of units Metric ·

Centre of gravity calculations

Concrete density 2,400 kg/m³

Concrete blocks: X1 Y1 Z1 X2 Y2 Z2
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
Main Foundation (+) -1.750 -1.750 0.000 1.750 1.750 3.250
Add'l block #1
Add'l block #2
Add'l block #3
Add'l block #4
Add'l block #5
Add'l block #6
Add'l block #7
Add'l block #8
Add'l block #9

Machinery etc: Mass Xg Yg Zg Ixx Iyy Izz

(kg) (m) (m) (m) (kg.m²) (kg.m²) (kg.m²)
Main Machine 32,000 0.000 0.000 6.450 5,600 5,600 0
Add'l mass #1
Add'l mass #2
Add'l mass #3
Add'l mass #4
Add'l mass #5
Add'l mass #6
Add'l mass #7

TOTALS (Concrete / Machinery / Both combined): ·

Concrete alone 95,550 0.000 0.000 1.625 321,656 321,656 195,081
Machinery alone 32,000 0.000 0.000 6.450 423,666 423,666 0
Combined 127,550 0.000 0.000 2.836 745,322 745,322 195,081
Rotation/resistance point 0.000 0.000 0.000 ·
Combined props about rot'n level 1,770,836 1,770,836

Soil and embedment properties

Dynamic shear modulus (MPa) 75 · Density (kg/m³) 2000 ·

Poisson's ratio 0.40 · Effective embedment (m) 2.7 ·

Dynamic forces
X Y Z
Force amplitudes (kN) 35 ·
Point of app'n (m) 0.000 0.000 6.250
Operating frequency (rpm) 250
Assume resonance if frequency ratio (r) is inside the range 0.70 1.30 ·
Poisson's ratio 0.40 · Effective embedment (m) 2.7 ·

Dynamic forces
X Y Z
Force amplitudes (kN) 35 ·
Point of app'n (m) 0.000 0.000 6.250
Operating frequency (rpm) 250
Assume resonance if frequency ratio (r) is inside the range 0.70 1.30 ·

Dynamic properties
X-dir'n YY-rot'n Y-dir'n XX-rot'n Z-dir'n
Spring constants:
Equiv radius (m) Ro 1.975 1.998 1.975 1.998 1.975
Spring embedment factor h 2.203 2.763 2.203 2.763 1.492
Spring coefficient b 0.972 0.484 0.972 0.484 2.118
Equiv spring const (kN/m or kN.m/rad) 1,573,995 7,165,343 1,573,995 7,165,343 1,382,456
Damping ratios:
Embedment factor a 3.474 2.369 3.474 2.369 2.095
Mass ratio B 1.639 6.264 1.639 6.264 1.242
Effective damping coeff't n 1.079 1.079
Geometric damping ratio Dg 0.781 0.018 0.781 0.018 0.799
Internal damping ratio Di 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030
Total damping ratio Dt 0.811 0.048 0.811 0.048 0.829

Calculations for uncoupled motions

X-dir'n YY-rot'n Y-dir'n XX-rot'n Z-dir'n
Natural (undamped) freq (rpm) fn 1061 607 1061 607 994
Resonant (damped) freq (rpm) fr – 606 – 606 –
Applied force (kN or kN.m) 35.0 218.8 0.0 0.0 0.0
Calculated frequency ratio r 0.236 0.412 0.236 0.412 0.251
Freq ratio used in calcs below 0.236 0.412 0.236 0.412 0.251
Magnification factor Md 0.981 1.203 0.981 1.203 0.975
Displacement amplitude (±) (m or rad) 2.182E-05 3.671E-05 0 0 0
Transmissibility T 1.051 1.204 1.051 1.204 1.057
Transmitted force (kN or kN.m) 36.8 263.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Combined displacements ± (mm):

Location X-coord Y-coord Z-coord X-displ Y-displ Z-displ Resultant
(m) (m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
At machine C of G 0.000 0.000 6.450 0.2586 0.0000 0.0000 0.2586
At some other point 0.0218 0.0000 0.0000 0.0218
At a third point 0.0218 0.0000 0.0000 0.0218

Calculations for coupled rocking and sliding motions

Since the exciting horizontal force is (in general) applied at a different level from the horizontal sliding
resistance, there is a possibility that the rocking and sliding modes will not be independent as assumed
above, but will be coupled. The following calculations investigate the consequences of coupling.

The method used for the natural frequencies comes from the book "Foundations for Machines: Analysis
and Design", by S.Prakash and V.Puri, John Wiley & Sons, 1988, in its chapter 6.

The method used for the damped response analysis comes from the book "Foundation Analysis and Design",
by J.E.Bowles, McGraw-Hill, 1977, in its section 20-8.

X & YY Y & XX

Coupled (undamped) nat freq #1 (rpm) 551 551

Elev of centre of rotation #1 (m) -1.049 -1.049
Coupled (undamped) nat freq #2 (rpm) 1802 1802
Elev of centre of rotation #2 (m) 4.340 4.340

Frequency ratio #1 0.45 · 0.45 ·

Frequency ratio #2 0.14 · 0.14 ·
·

Cosine component of translation (m) 0.0001327 0

 Elev of centre of rotation #1 (m) -1.049 -1.049
Coupled (undamped) nat freq #2 (rpm) 1802 1802
Elev of centre of rotation #2 (m) 4.340 4.340

Frequency ratio #1 0.45 · 0.45 ·

Frequency ratio #2 0.14 · 0.14 ·
·

Cosine component of translation (m) 0.0001327 0

Sine component of translation (m) 1.393E-05 0
\ Amplitude of translation motion (m) 0.0001335 0
Cosine component of rotation (radian) 3.78E-05 0
Sine component of rotation (radian) 1.19E-06 0
\ Amplitude of rotation motion (radian) 3.781E-05 0

Combined displacements ± (mm):

Location X-coord Y-coord Z-coord X-displ Y-displ Z-displ Resultant
(m) (m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
At machine C of G 0.000 0.000 6.450 0.2702 0.0000 0.0000 0.2702
At some other point 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.2407 0.0000 0.0000 0.2407
At a third point 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.2407 0.0000 0.0000 0.2407
 Version 4.00

ures and
mpany,

Y2 Z2
(m) (m)
1.750 3.250

Iyy Izz
(kg.m²) (kg.m²)
5,600 0

321,656 195,081
423,666 0
745,322 195,081

,770,836

2000 ·
2.7 ·

1.30 ·
 2.7 ·

1.30 ·

XX-rot'n Z-dir'n

1.998 1.975
2.763 1.492
0.484 2.118
,165,343 1,382,456

2.369 2.095
6.264 1.242
1.079
0.018 0.799
0.030 0.030
0.048 0.829

XX-rot'n Z-dir'n
607 994
606 –
0.0 0.0
0.412 0.251
0.412 0.251
1.203 0.975
0 0
1.204 1.057
0.0 0.0

Z-displ Resultant
(mm) (mm)
0.0000 0.2586
0.0000 0.0218
0.0000 0.0218

ontal sliding
as assumed
pling.

nes: Analysis

alysis and Design",

Y & XX

551
-1.049
1802
4.340

0.45 ·
0.14 ·

0
-1.049
1802
4.340

0.45 ·
0.14 ·

0
0
0
0
0
0

Z-displ Resultant
(mm) (mm)
0.0000 0.2702
0.0000 0.2407
0.0000 0.2407