Mean

field theory nearest neighbor

Simpler version g consider thealsing

Model lattice with coordination
on a
number It could be in
7g any
dimension
Square lattice 3 4
Triangular za 6
Honeycomb z 3
Cubic 6 etc
3
Focus on a spin and assume
that all spins in its neighborhood are

replaced by fixed spins whose

values areequal to the average
magnetisation of the system
Hamiltonian of that spin is then

Hes hs
Jzms
 Note that its is motep
energy
States other spins
of of far away

Average magnetization of the spin

5 then

Ls s e Bms
5 1

S I1

tanh B3mg tph

But the spins we chose is just
like other spins in the lattice
any
So oreguirer that its
self consistency
magnetisation is also no
 m tanh p3mztBD
This can be solved by finding the
intersection with
of
m
y
y tomb Cpszmt BD

h o B33 L I
caret 723,2
yens
Y

5 tomb 33ns
t

Slope
of orange line at MTO is BB
only intersection is m o
Caret I K
h o
BJz Tze
m
y
Y

T
4 im

Three solutions mo
MO
O

Turns out that m o solutions is unstable

will be shown later

As afunction T Imo can be

of
plotted to open
the following

IMI to
Tc
JzK
 Mean field critical point is
Tc
531k

Caret h o

µnOIf In care
of
p
gulfs happen depending
there are 3 solutions but
The solution when M is
patrolled to h will be the
lowest free energy solution
Phare diagram 2D isms model
of
h
positive m
continuoustransition
t
n T

negative m mhfoomz.orgspontaneously
 g

Mean
fddt
Moresophistidedursion
Actual probability distribution over configurations

PSG's
et Lip S
PCEs 3
F
Assumption

PCE's3 a.LI T Csi

productof independent
distributions

what is To

B Ctl tmi
2 miInowIm
Fao i
From there
Ls S T2 Ct Dt Fil D
m

Lsi Sig Lsi Got mi Mj

For a
given choice f mi
F U TS LH TS

Mi h Mi TS
Ja Mj
entropy of its spin
S
1 s

Si k GD em BAD BED en BED

K
III ibn I
III izmi br.tn
J
 free energy assuming a given Em 3 is
SE e

Jsjmimj
hsim.FI

kT ni en
legit tryibutzmi

what determines Emi

at
Time'T
minimum
So we should minimize F with respect
to Emi to
get the equilibrium values
of mi

ZIM 0
qsivativeoftthem.ge
ts TKEahni.IM
33 mi
oE gJ
neighbours
of j
 ht 391mi TI bn Hmis
2 I
Feighbours Mj
of
let me ibn Hmi
2 l
Mig
my en e natanbcn
en n
ee

me arctanh mid

mig tanbfpcn J.fm

samover
neighbors

Assuming translational invariance

Mi ans ti

m tanh
pent JzmD
So this version
of mean
field theory
produces the same results as the

simpler version described earlier a

Focus on the in the vicinity

region of
T Tc and assume translational invariance

e T

Here m are small

So the log terms in the entropy can be

taylor expanded to get

F hNmtNTk
JNIz
2
In 2 4 we
25 72 m
0
KT 33 t kzIm
If 1hm 1M KT z t
KIMI KM2

Minimizing this should the

give
right magnetisation
h T
Caret O II
k

f
te

M at minimum is 0 as expected

Careli h 0
7232
K
KT 3340
f a bm2 cm4

tentrema mm
IET
m
 2

At equilibrium m can be either I c

It

Carelli h O o

high temperature

n
 f a hmtbtm2 cm4ot T T
TX
K Free energy functional derived here is
quite general it is the simplestfunctional
that has the 212 symmetry and is analytic
with respect to m and shows a
continuous transition when it changes
sign
One could add more pom m
make a more complicated model that
could shout a continuous transition
But here you will have to
fine tune
all the coefficients precisely

If you take a general model with 212 symmetry

for egi tsing model with next nearestneigh interaction
would
get
a similar free but
you energy
with different constants b C a etc
Given we can now
analyze how
within the mean field description the magnetsation
and other quantities change with T near
Tc
 m t TI
as
of LO
a
function
Tc
at A O

ZIM o im 412777 14

k
I mix C E

K M as a h at t o
function of

Bfm 0 4m3c h o
3
m blue

Md h 3

X for t o h Ot

ZIM so 4m3ct2btm b 0

pm is small
2b tm b e O

m no b
2bt
X X htt
 All these scaling relations are undependen
etc
of microscopic details b c a

This is indeed true for oral continuous

transitions that such scaling relations
are universal microscopic detail independent
Mean
field approximation correctly
captures this idea

Unfortunately it gets the names of the

exponents wrong

Correlationfunctionsfrommeanfieldtheosy
Cornstein Zernike
Mean field assumption approximations

PC IT Fcsi
there are no correlations b w spins
 However if supplement it with
you
the additional conditions that free energy
should be minimized then you can

estimate correlations in the system

the
This minimization condition is
mi tanh BJ ELgn
In a version this approximation
different of
the above conditions is equivalent to
term the following
adding a
gradient of
form to f
2
Tm

Note that both force neighbouring

spins to be in croughly the same direction

MY adds energy cost to rapid changes

to m in space

weakly constraints me to align with

Mj
 LS Sco sass cos e BH
9

There are 2 kinds

of configs
So I

So I

So So
RT Th Id Th M I te I te I I
b th th I I th t te te A k I I
c A t th th 99 I th I I te I
i i
e i

1
2N there 2N there
of of

Every entry in 2nd column 2 can be

obtained by flipping every spin the config
in column
all configs n null's et
 Since H is in variant under 212
flip
hand column configs is same
energy of right
the hand column
as
energies ofleft Configs

So
I 1
e P e
PH
Sits Es 3
So 11 So 1

and
PH
q's
si3
e

si3
see e PH

So 11 So I

LS Sco sassed e BH

3
B
G's I
e t f
8538
Sos
1
e

so
 3 so s

BH
G's e

so day when
So 11
e Ba

Sfo Sco L SCD when soul

Sco Etting

From minimizing the mean

field foree energy

mess tanh B mad SG D

I In our case where there
is only a nearest neighbour interaction
JG 8 J for In 8 I nearest neighbo
ionium distance

More case
of SG where
o
general
Jerri is local is also Ok
 Far Sco mcr is small
away from very
close Sco mcr may be large

MCT E B JG d m fed

Corrections to linear
approximation tanh
of
significant only when she 0

THEIR
Fourier tansform this
weak function
K
FCK FCK MTK FCK of
almost a
const
Fourier transform
convolution is product
Sf of fairies off
 ik.se
FCK zero e

Tco 1221ft OCK4

Tco SED
JCT JED linear term is 0

coefficient of K2 is REG's23
we are aiming to find long distance
behavior
of LS Sco
fat e'k ddk MG

te
when V is large
eiko is too oscillatory if k is Ion
small K contributes
only
to the
integral
So we interested in getting
are
M k at small K
k can be taken to be small
So we are truncating FCK at
order K2
This approx shouldbe good at large k
 Tuck const
C B 563ft R2

For nearest neighbors model Tco G SED

Jz kTc
It turns out that for more general models
at means filed level I 31k is
indefqdythe

pick const
R2
I
F I

Te const
122kt
C Rfd t Typ
R
const use 1 1
DR
2
the 4
zoo as
T 3k
 2
Itt D
Q const
To constr
tR tR2_K2
NTEk Z
re coast R

K't Rctrsegathit

men as score
fggz.to
k.ddkq 2

I
eomtxeII
d 3

when TEE Eto

Ls Sco e
Mh whom or N

ie the correlation length

G
2
Rt

As t o ie T Ta G a
The manner in which G to
goes infinity
ne
is fat
vs Yz mean
field estimate
a EV is a universal expression ondependent

of details ofthe model

U the symmetry
depends on zhou
and dimensions
D Yz according to mean
fieldtheory
which is incorrect

At t 09 ie 7 Tc
kno
LS G Sco
f I ddk

Fu 1
d 2
p
 For t fo ie TFTc
LS G Scots a e HG
Taz
as t
o
Oo the numerator
approaches 1 so
you'd expect
that dscrsscoD t 0
plza.at
Unfortunately that is not true

I when
Sco Slob
Nd z

This is the
just quirk of
a

integral Seiko dd k
E
In
summary
mean
field theory
 predicts the following
Hee atte
to Ls Sco e
g
according to
a Yz
mean
fieldtheory
I
o LS Cisco d 2
p 2
to
2 0
according
means
field theory
Indeed in actual system these relations
are true except v t ya 270

Reference Candy Chapter 2

D Chaudhary Stauffer Section 101,10 2