COMPUTATIONS WITH OTHER BASIC PLASTICITY MODELS 275

Box 8.1. Implicit elastic predictor/return-mapping algorithm for the Tresca model.

HYPLAS procedure: SUTR

(i) Elastic predictor. Given ∆ε and the state variables at tn , evaluate the elastic trial state
trial
trial
εen+1 := εen + ∆ε; ε̄pn+1 := ε̄pn
ptrial e trial
n+1 := K εv n+1 ; strial e trial
n+1 := 2G εd n+1

(ii) Spectral decomposition of strial (routine SPDEC2). Compute

strial
1 ≥ strial
2 ≥ strial
3 and ei (i = 1, 2, 3)

(iii) Check plastic admissibility

trial
IF strial
1 − strial
3 − σy (ε̄pn+1 )≤0

THEN set (·)n+1 := (·)trial

n+1 and EXIT

(iv) Return mapping

(iv.a) Return to main plane – GOTO Box 8.2
(iv.b) Check validity of main plane return
IF s1 ≥ s2 ≥ s3 THEN return is valid – GOTO (v)
(iv.c) Return to corner
IF strial
1 + strial
3 − 2 strial
2 >0
THEN apply return to right corner – GOTO Box 8.3
ELSE apply return to left corner – GOTO Box 8.3
(v) Assemble updated stress
pn+1 := ptrial
n+1
3
σn+1 := i=1 (si + pn+1 ) ei ⊗ ei
and update elastic strain
1 1
εen+1 := sn+1 + εev trial
n+1 I
2G 3
(vi) EXIT
276 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR PLASTICITY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS

Box 8.2. The Tresca model. One-vector return mapping to main plane.

HYPLAS procedure: SUTR

(i) Set initial guess for ∆γ

∆γ := 0
and corresponding residual (yield function value)

Φ̃ := strial
1 − strial
3 − σy (ε̄pn )

(ii) Perform Newton–Raphson iteration

dσy
H := (hardening slope)
dε̄p ε̄pn +∆γ
dΦ̃
d := = −4G − H (residual derivative)
d∆γ
Φ̃
∆γ := ∆γ − (new guess for ∆γ)
d
(iii) Check for convergence
Φ̃ := strial
1 − strial
3 − 4G ∆γ − σy (ε̄pn + ∆γ)
IF |Φ̃| ≤ ǫtol THEN update
s1 := strial
1 − 2G ∆γ
s2 := strial
2

s3 := strial
3 + 2G ∆γ
ε̄pn+1 := ε̄pn + ∆γ
and RETURN to Box 8.1

(iv) GOTO (ii)

COMPUTATIONS WITH OTHER BASIC PLASTICITY MODELS 277

Box 8.3. The Tresca model. Two-vector return mappings to corners.

HYPLAS procedure: SUTR

(i) Set initial guess for ∆γ a and ∆γ b

∆γ a := 0 ∆γ b := 0

and corresponding residual

Φ̃a s̄a − σy (ε̄pn )

! " ! "
:=
Φ̃b s̄b − σy (ε̄pn )

where
strial − strial
#
1 2 , for right corner
a
s̄ = strial
1 − strial
3 , s̄ =b

strial
2 − strial
3 , for left corner

(ii) Perform Newton–Raphson iteration

∆γ := ∆γ a + ∆γ b
ε̄pn+1 := ε̄pn + ∆γ (update ε̄p )

dσy
H := (hardening slope)
dε̄p ε̄p
n+1
residual derivative:
dΦ̃a dΦ̃a
 
−4G − H −2G − H
! "
 d∆γ a d∆γ b 
d :=  =
 dΦ̃b dΦ̃b  −2G − H −4G − H
d∆γ a d∆γ b
new guess for ∆γ a and ∆γ b :
! a" ! a" ! a"
∆γ ∆γ Φ̃
:= − d−1

∆γ b ∆γ b Φ̃b
continued on page 278
278 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR PLASTICITY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS

Box 8.3 (contd. from page 277). The Tresca model. Two-vector return mappings
to corners (implemented in subroutine SUTR).

(iii) Check for convergence

s̄a − 2G(2∆γ a + ∆γ b ) − σy (ε̄pn+1 )

! a" ! "
Φ̃
:=
Φ̃b s̄b − 2G(∆γ a + 2∆γ b ) − σy (ε̄pn+1 )

IF |Φ̃a | + |Φ̃b | ≤ ǫtol THEN update

s1 := strial − 2G(∆γ a + ∆γ b )

1 

trial b
s2 := s2 + 2G∆γ for right corner


s3 := strial + 2G∆γ a

3

s1 := strial − 2G∆γ a

1 


s2 := strial
2 − 2G∆γ b for left corner


s3 := strial + 2G(∆γ a + ∆γ b )

3

and RETURN to Box 8.1

(iv) GOTO (ii)
COMPUTATIONS WITH OTHER BASIC PLASTICITY MODELS 279

8.1.2. SUBROUTINE SUTR

As in the von Mises state update procedure implemented in subroutine SUVM (Section 7.3.5,
starting page 224), piecewise linear isotropic hardening is assumed in the present imple-
mentation of the implicit integration algorithm for the Tresca model. This hardening rule
is adopted due to its flexibility in fitting experimental data. The reader is referred to
Section 7.3.5 for details of implementation of the piecewise linear hardening law.
The FORTRAN source code of SUTR is listed below.

1 SUBROUTINE SUTR
2 1( DGAM ,IPROPS ,LALGVA ,NTYPE ,RPROPS ,
3 2 RSTAVA ,STRAT ,STRES )
4 IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)
5 PARAMETER(IPHARD=4 ,MSTRE=4)
6 C Arguments
7 LOGICAL
8 1 LALGVA(4)
9 DIMENSION
10 1 DGAM(2) ,IPROPS(*) ,RPROPS(*) ,
11 2 RSTAVA(MSTRE+1) ,STRAT(MSTRE) ,STRES(MSTRE)
12 C Local arrays and variables
13 LOGICAL
14 1 DUMMY, IFPLAS, RIGHT, SUFAIL, TWOVEC
15 DIMENSION
16 1 EIGPRJ(MSTRE,2) ,PSTRS(3) ,STREST(3)
17
18 DATA
19 1 R0 ,R1 ,R2 ,R3 ,R4 ,SMALL ,TOL /
20 2 0.0D0,1.0D0,2.0D0,3.0D0,4.0D0,1.D-10,1.D-10/
21 DATA MXITER / 50 /
22 C***********************************************************************
23 C STRESS UPDATE PROCEDURE FOR TRESCA TYPE ELASTO-PLASTIC MATERIAL WITH
24 C PIECE-WISE LINEAR ISOTROPIC HARDENING:
25 C IMPLICIT ELASTIC PREDICTOR/RETURN MAPPING ALGORITHM (Boxes 8.1-3).
26 C PLANE STRAIN AND AXISYMMETRIC IMPLEMENTATIONS.
27 C***********************************************************************
28 C Stops program if neither plane strain nor axisymmetric state
29 IF(NTYPE.NE.2.AND.NTYPE.NE.3)CALL ERRPRT(’EI0029’)
30 C Initialize some algorithmic and internal variables
31 DGAMA=R0
32 DGAMB=R0
33 IFPLAS=.FALSE.
34 SUFAIL=.FALSE.
35 EPBARN=RSTAVA(MSTRE+1)
36 EPBAR=EPBARN
37 C Set some material properties
38 YOUNG=RPROPS(2)
39 POISS=RPROPS(3)
40 NHARD=IPROPS(3)
41 C Set some constants
42 GMODU=YOUNG/(R2*(R1+POISS))
43 BULK=YOUNG/(R3*(R1-R2*POISS))
44 R2G=R2*GMODU
45 R4G=R4*GMODU
46 R1D3=R1/R3
47 C Compute elastic trial state
48 C ---------------------------
49 C Volumetric strain and pressure stress
50 EEV=STRAT(1)+STRAT(2)+STRAT(4)
51 P=BULK*EEV