Proverbs 17:22

"A merry heart does

good like medicine.”

English
(Literature)
LITERATURE Epic Extended narrative about
 Derived from the Latin word “litera” meaning
 Biag ni Lam-Ang heroic exploits often
LETTER.
(Ilokos) under supernatural
 It is a faithful reproduction of man’s various
 Ybalon (Bicol) control
experiences blended into one harmonious
 Bidasari
expression.
(Mindanao)
 This is an expression of man’s loves, griefs,
 Hudhud at Alim
thoughts, dreams and aspirations communicated
(Igorot)
in beautiful language.
 Beowulf
(England)
TYPES OF LITERATURE:  Iliad and
1. POETRY Odyssey
a. Lyric – expresses emotions and feelings of the (Greece)
poet. This is usually easy to understand and
short literatures. c. Dramatic Comedy

Sonnet 14 line poem dealing with Comedy Derived from the Greek word
emotions, feelings or ideas “komos” which means
Elegy Poem for the dead festivity or revelry.
Psalms Songs praising God and Its purpose is for amusement
containing a philosophy of or happy ending.
life Force An exaggerated comedy
Awit This is sung and is realistic which seeks to arouse mirth
Florante at Laura 12 syllables per line by laughable lines.
Corrido Recited and with elements Situations are too ridiculous
Ibong Adarna of fantasy to be true
Composed of 8 syllables Melodrama Arouses immediate and
Folksongs Short poems intended to be intense emotion and is usually
(Awiting sung sad but a happy ending is set
bayan) Love, despair, grief, doubt, for the principal character.
joy, hope and sorrow are Tragedy Involves the hero who
common themes (Ex: Hamlet) struggles mighty against
Ode Poem of a noble feeling, dynamic forces until he meets
expressed with dignity on a death.
certain object
2. PROSE
b. Narrative
Legends Fictions, narratives which are
Tales Stories about supernatural usually about origins
being Anecdotes Creation of the writer’s
Ballad Short poems adapted for imagination and the main is to
singing, simple plot and bring out lessons to the reader
metrical structure Short story A narration involving one or
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 more characters in one plot and KINDS
one single impression. Round: character was Flat: there was no
Essay Expresses the viewpoint or able to undergo change change in the outlook
opinion of the writer about a and action of the
particular problem or event. character
Biography Deals with the life of a person
which maybe about himself or 2. Setting
that of others  Serves as the background of the story, may it be
Novel Long narration divided into physical, mental or spiritual.
chapters. The events are taken  Serves as the backdrop and sets the mood of
from true to life stories and the characters.
spans a long period of time
Plays Presented on stage divided into ELEMENTS
acts and each act has many Time Sets the duration of the
scenes events
Fables Stories about animals and Place Locality of the events
inanimate things that speak and Atmosphere Emotion or the mood
act like people and their purpose
is to enlighten the minds of 3. Plot
children to events that can mold  The arrangement of incidents, the narrative
their ways and attitudes. structure, the organization of a narrative and
the logical sequence of actions.
FICTION – a prose imaginative composition which
may or may not be based on history or fact. TYPES
Organic Episodic
Types of Fiction: The story sprouted There are two or more
1. Short story – relatively brief prose fictional from just one conflict sources of conflicts
composition based on a single main incident ORGANIZATION
which is designed to produce a single dominant Chronology Climax
impression The events are The events are
2. Novel – a prose fictional work of considerable arranged according to organized according to
length that deals with a series of complications time and space order of suspense
involving characters in a particular setting
3. Drama – a composition in prose or verse 4. Conflict
designed for stage performance through mime  Considered as the soul of the plot and it is the
and dialogue tension between opposing forces in the story.
4. Allegory – a symbolic fictional account  External: conflict is from outside forces
conveying meanings beyond the literal  Internal: conflict resides with the main character
 Types:
Elements of Fiction a. Physical – Man vs. nature
1. Character b. Social – Man vs. man
 Moral agents of actions c. Psychological – Man vs. self
 Invented personages in fiction d. Cosmic – Man vs. God

TYPES 5. Points of View

MAJOR MINOR  Vantage point where the story is narrated
1. Protagonist - Central 1. Foil – opposite traits
character where the of the main First person A principal character in the
story revolves protagonist story in the one narrating it
2. Antagonist – Prevents 2. Confidant – serves Second person An indirect disclosure of the
the protagonist in as the friend of the narrating self for
solving the conflict protagonist characterization and
3. Background analysis
characters – not Third person AKA Omniscient point of
closely related with (Unlimited) view where the narrator is
the protagonist an all-knowing maker
Third person AKA Central intelligence
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 (Limited) point of view wherein the The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne
author chooses a character Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
from whose consciousness Emma
the entire story is told Candide Voltaire
Camera Eye Presents the dialogues, and Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain
the incidents of a narrative Tom Sawyer
like a mechanical recording Pickwick Papers Charles Dickens
device The Tale of Two Cities
Revolving Characterized by a narrative A Christmas Carol
shift from one point of view David Copperfield
to another Great Expectations
Composite Comprehensive view of the Lysistrata Aristophanes
events and incidents in the The Clouds
story through the different The Birds
angles adapted by several Records of the Grand Sssu-Ma Ch’ien
narrating characters Historia
The Art of War Sun-Tzu
WORLD LITERATURES 1001 Nights/ Arabian Anonymous
Nights
Iliad Homer The Koran Muhammad
Odyssey Gulliver’s Travel Jonathan Swift
The Republic Plato One hundred Years of Gabriel Garcia
The Epic of Gilgamesh Leqi-Unninni Solitude Marquez
The Confessions St. Augustine Love in the Time of Cholera
The Aeneid Virgil The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner
Alcestis Euripides A Rose for Emily
Medea Moby Dick Herman Melville
Hippolytus War and Peace Leo Tolstoy
The Trojan Women Annakarenina
Electra The Interpretation of Sigmund Freud
The Book of Mencius Mencius Dreams
Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare Ulysses James Joyce
Much Ado About Nothing The Prince Niccolo Machiavelli
Twelfth Knight Democracy in America Alexis De Tocqueville
Hamlet Theban Plays Sophocles
Merchant of Venice Oedipus Rex
The School of Wives Moliere Oedipus and Colonus
Tartuffe Antigone
The Would-Be Gentleman The History of the Thucydides
Tristram Shandy Laurence Sterne Peloponnesian War
The Ancient Mariner Samuel Coleridge An Enquiry Concerning David Hume
Christabel Human Understanding
Kublai Khan Sons and Lovers David Herbert
Second Treatise of John Locke Lady Chatterly’s Lover Lawrence
Government The Fox
Tom Jones Henry Fielding Fathers and Sons Ivan Turgenev
Confessions Jean Jacques Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert
The Social Contact Rousseau The Soul Selects Her Emily Dickinson
Ethics Aristotle Society
Politics A Dimple in the Tomb
Poetics The Age of Innocence Edith Wharton
The Histories Herodotus The House of Mirth
Meditations Marcus Aurelius A Passage to India E.M. Forster
The Ramayana Valmiki Oh Liberty John Stuart Mill
The Mahabharata Vyasa The Subjection of Women
The Prelude William Wordsworth Faust Johann Wolfgang
Dead Souls Nikolai Gogol Von Goethe
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PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Magnificence and Other
Stories
Children of the City
Small Key
Desire
Sunset
The Wedding Dance
Man Songs
Footnote to Youth
Ermita
Poon
My Brother, My Executioner
The Archipelago
Telex Moon
Sunlight and Broken Stones
Sunflower Poems
Juanita Crus
Ang Dalaga sa Tindahan
The Creatures of Philippine
Lower Mythology
People in the War
The Visitation of the Gods
The Butcher, The Baker and
the Candlestick Maker
Dogeaters
Gangsters of Love
Encanto
Blood Sacrifice
Lidia
The Virgin
The Hand of the Enemy
The Living and the Dead
A Wind Over the Earth
Distance to Andromeda
No Certain Weather
Barter in Panay
Daedalus and Other Poems
Masks and Signatures
What is an Educated
Filipino?
The Woman Who Had Two
Navels
Summer Solstice
May Day Eve
America is in the Heart
The Laughter of My Father
The Voice of Bataan
The Power of the People
Literature and Society
My Humble Opinion
Women Enough
The Volcano
The Man Who (Though He)
Looked Like Robert Taylor
DR. CARL E. BALITA REVIEW CENTER TEL. NO. 735-4098/7350740
The Day the Dancers Came
Scent of Apples
Estrella Alfon How my Brother Leon Manuel Arguilla
Brought Home a Wife and
Amadis Ma. Guerrero other Stories
Paz Latorena Poems in Spanish and Leona Florentino
Ilocano
Now and At the Hour Aida Rivera Ford
Amador Daguio Zita Arturo Rotor
Jose Garcia Villa The Wound and Scar
Dead Stars Paz Marquez Benitez
Francisco Sionil Jose Stepping Stone
Half a Life
His Native Coast Edith Tiempo
Cirilo Bautista The Tracks of Babylon
Blade of Fern
Tita Lacambra Ayala
Magdalena Jalandoni
Maximo Ramos
Gilda Cordero-
Fernando
Jessica Hagedorn
Maria Luisa Igloria
Juan Crisostomo
Sotto
Kerima Polotan-
Tuvera
Gregorio Brillantes
Ricardo Demetillo
Francisco Benitez
Nick Joaquin
Carlos Bulosan
Salvador Lopez
Carmen Guerrero
Nakpil
Bienvenido Santos
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