Code :9A23303 1

II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010

FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Differentiate between unit operations and unit processes. Give one example for each.
(b) Give the analogy between momentum, heat and mass transfer. Discuss in detail.
2. (a) Define gc and give its use.
(b) What is -400 F in degrees centigrade, degrees Rankine, Kelvin?
(c) Calculate the kinetic energy of 250 lbm liquid flowing through a pipe at 35 ft/sec. Express your
answer in units of ft lbf .

3. Water at 680 F is pumped at a constant rate of 141.5 liter/min from a large reservoir resting on the floor
to the open top of an experimental absorption tower. The point of discharge is 4.575 m above the floor
and frictional losses in the 2” pipe (21.65 cm2 area) from the reservoir to the tower is 0.224m of water. At
what height in the reservoir must the water level be kept if the pump can develop only 1.8 hp? Assume
100% efficiency.
4. (a) What is Newton’s law of viscosity? State and explain the terms involved.
(b) Explain the concept of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids with the help of shear stress vs rate of
shear plot. Give examples for each.
5. (a) Discuss about laminar and turbulent flow briefly.
(b) Oil of viscosity 0.01 kgf sec /m2 and specific gravity of 0.9 flows through a horizontal pipe of 2.5cm
diameter. If the pressure drop per meter length of the pipe is 0.12 kgf sec /m2 . Determine (i) the
mass flow rate (ii) NRe (iii) the power required per 50m length pipe to maintain the flow.
6. (a) Define terminal velocity, free setting and hindered setting.
(b) Obtain the expression for terminal velocity of a single spherical particle assuming stoke’s law to be
valid.
7. Describe the construction and working of a orifice meter with a neat diagram. Mention its advantages
and disadvantages and uses. Write the equation for mass flow rate.
8. Give a detailed account of positive displacement pumps.

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Code :9A23303 2
II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Distinguish between unit operations and unit processes. Give one example for each.
(b) Discuss about the analogy between momentum, heat and mass transfer.
2. (a) Distinguish between mass and force.
(b) If a bucket holds 20.0 lb of NaOH, how many
i. lb mol NaOH
ii. gmol NaOH and
iii. kg mol NaOH does it contain?
(c) What is -400 F in degrees centigrade, degrees Rankine?
3. A pipeline of inside diameter 80mm and length 250m is attached to a water reservoir at one end and
flows freely into the atmosphere at the other end. The loss coefficient Kc for the inlet is 0.5. Determine
the height h, that has to be maintained in the reservoir to produce a volumetric flow rate of 0.025m3 /sec
of water.
4. (a) Explain the different types of non-Newtonian fluids with examples in bioprocessing.
(b) Discuss about measurement of viscosity using the cone and plate viscometer and the coaxial cylinder
rotating viscometer.
5. (a) Define skin friction and form friction, and explain friction factor chart.
(b) Oil of specific gravity 0.82 is pumped through a horizontal pipeline of 15cm diameter, 3 km long at
the rate of 900 liter/min. The pump has an efficiency of 68% and requires 10 hp to pump the oil.
Determine the dynamic viscosity of the oil and verify whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
6. (a) Define drag and drag coefficient.
(b) Discuss in detail about drag coefficients of typical shapes with the help of CD vsNRe curves.
7. Compare and contrast venturi meter and orifice meter. Give their advantages and disadvantages, and
uses.
8. Describe the salient features of positive displacement pumps.

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Code :9A23303 3
II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Define unit operations and unit processes. Give an example for each.
(b) Discuss about the analogy between momentum, heat and mass transfer.
2. (a) Explain the concept of mass and force.
(b) Gas leaving a fermenter at close to 1 atm pressure and 250 C has the following composition: 78.2%
nitrogen, 19.2% oxygen, 2.6% carbon dioxide. Calculate
i. the mass composition of the fermenter off-gas and
ii. the mass of CO2 in each cubic meter of gas leaving the fermenter.
3. A solution of density 1.25 g/cc and viscosity of 0.63cp is pumped from an open tank at the rate of 200
liter/min through a straight pipe of 25mm ID and 80 m long. Calculate the HP required. Given that
overall efficiency of pump is 60% and f is equal to 0.079 Re−0.25 for turbulent flow and f = 16/NRe for
laminar flow. Neglect fittings.
4. (a) State and explain Newton’s law of viscosity.
(b) Explain the rheological behavior of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids by means of shear stress
vs. rate of shear plot. Give examples for each.
5. (a) Briefly explain the boundary layer concept with a neat figure.
(b) A fluid with viscosity 18.3 cp and density 1.32g/cm3 is flowing in a horizontal tube of radius 0.21
inches. For what pressure gradient will the flow become turbulent.
(c) Find the loss of head due to friction in a pipe of 1m diameter and 15 km long. The velocity of water
in the pipe is 1m/sec. Take f=0.005.
6. Discuss about motion of particles through a fluid and derive the equations for one dimensional motion
of a particle through a fluid for both gravitational force and centrifugal force respectively.
7. Describe the construction and working of a venturimeter with a neat figure. Mention its advantages and
disadvantages and uses. Write the equation for mass flow rate.
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Reciprocating pumps.
(b) Rotary pumps.
(c) Peristaltic pumps.

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Code :9A23303 4
II B.Tech I semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2010
FLUID FLOW IN BIOPROCESSES
(Biotechnology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What is the difference between unit operation and unit process? Give one example for each.
(b) Give the analogy between momentum, heat and mass transfer. Discuss in detail.
2. (a) A solution contains 30 wt% water, 25 wt% ethanol, 15wt% methanol, 12wt% glycerol, 10wt% acetic
acid and 8wt% benzaldehyde. What is the mole friction of each component?
(b) What is -400 F in degrees centigrade, degrees Rankine?
(c) The pressure gauge on an autoclave reads 15 psi. What is the absolute pressure in the chamber in
psi, in atm?
3. A tank full of water is opened at the top with a hole near the bottom, the area of which is 0.25 m2 and
cross-sectional area of the hole is maintained at 10m, what is the volumetric flow rate out of the hole?
4. (a) State Newton’s law of viscosity and explain the terms.
(b) Describe the working and construction of
i. The plate and cone viscometer and
ii. The coaxial cylinder viscometer.
5. (a) Define boundary layer and explain boundary layer concept.
(b) A pipe of 10 cm diameter and 800m long conveys oil of kinetic viscosity 1.5 stoke and density of
900 kg/m3 . Assuming it takes 8 HP to drive the pump. The overall efficiency of the pump is 60%.
6. Derive the Ergun equation for pressure drop in packed beds.
7. (a) Describe the construction and working of a rotameter with a neat figure.
(b) Explain the theory and calibration of rotameters.
8. Give a detailed account of the following:
(a) Reciprocating pumps
(b) Rotary pumps
(c) Peristaltic pumps

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