Microprocessor (Lab)

Project Report On

“Automated Street Light Controlled System

Using 8051 Microcontroller”

Under the supervisor of Engineer Muhammad Ali

Group members:

 MUHAMMAD SOHAIB
 ZAHEER ULLAH
 KHALIL ULLAH
 ANWAR KAMAL

Semester 5th

Session 2017-2021

Gomal University, Department of Electrical (Communication) Engineering

CONTENTS:

Chapter 1

 Motivation
 Abstract

Chapter 2

 Introduction
 Requirements

Chapter 4

 Design Methodology
 Software Implementation

Chapter 5

 Viva Questions

Chapter 6

 Conclusion
Chapter 1

MOTIVATION:

Street lights are the major requirement in today’s life of transportation for safety purposes and avoiding
accidents during night. Despite that in today’s busy life no one bothers to switch it off/on when not
required. The project introduced here gives solution to this by eliminating manpower and reducing power
consumption. Whenever any vehicle passing through traffic lights with the of sensor the lights should be
turn On and vice versa.

Abstract:

This project is all about to control the power consumptions at the streets and eliminating
manpower. This includes controlling a circuit of street lights with specific Sensors, Relays and
Microcontrollers during day and night. The present system is like, the street lights will be
switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning
after there is sufficient light on the roads. This paper gives the best solution for electrical power
wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. In this paper
the two sensors are used which are PIR sensor(button) to indicate a day/night time and the relay
sensors to detect the movement on the street. The microcontroller AT89C51 is used as brain to
control the street light system, where the programming language used for developing the
software to the microcontroller is C-language. Finally, the system has been successfully designed
and implemented as prototype system.
CHAPTER 2

Introduction:

Generally, street lights are switched on for whole night and during the day, they are switched off.
But during the night time, street lights are not necessary if there is no traffic. Saving of this energy
is very important factor these days as energy resources are getting reduced day by day.

CHAPTER 3

COMPONENTS:
 555 Timer IC
 Capacitor (1000uF)
 3 Resistors (330 ohm)
 9v Battery
 Bread Board
 LED
 Connecting Wires
 FEATURES:

 It is a low-cost, general-purpose 1Hz signal generator without using a crystal oscillator.

 The output of a pulse generator may also be used as the modulation signal for a signal
generator.

CHAPTER 4:

WORKING:
Capacitor C1 begins charging toward VCC through resistances R1 and R2 (VR). Because
of this, the charging time constant is (R1 + R2( VR)) C. Eventually, the threshold voltage exceeds
+2/3 VCC, the comparator 1 has a high output and triggers the flip-flop so that its Q is high and
the timer output is low. With Q high, the discharge transistor saturates and pin 7 grounds so
 that the capacitor C1 discharges through resistance R2 (VR) with a discharging time constant
R2C.
With the discharging of capacitor, trigger voltage at inverting input of comparator 2 decreases.
When it drops below 1/3VCC, the output of comparator 2 goes high and this reset the flip-flop
so that the timer output is high. This proves the auto-transition in output from low to high and
then to low. Thus the cycle repeats.

Hardware diagram:

CHAPTER 5:

Question asked during viva;

Q1: How much delay you can produce by the circuit?
ANS: We produce 1sec delay by using the given circuit.

Q2: How the delay of the given circuit can be increased?

ANS: The delay of the given circuit can be increased by changing the value of
resisters and capacitor being used.

Q3: How the circuit can be runed?

 ANS: After the completion of the given circuit above if we connect the +ive portion of
bread board to the +ive terminal of battery and –ive portion of bread board to the -ive
terminal of the battery then the circuit will be run and LED will be ON and OFF.

Q4: What is the significance of your project?

ANS: Modern devices can work upon delay so by setting the delay period of the
device we can control it.

CHAPTER 6:

CONCLUSION:
We conclude that the delay of the circuit depend upon the capacitor and resister
values .If we want to create large delay then we will use capacitor and resistors of larger
values and if we need small delay then we use capacitor and resisters of smaller values.