Formulae S he e t f o r P h ys i c s w w w .c o n c e p t s - o f -p h y s i c s . c om | pg.

Physics formulas from Mechanics, Waves, Optics, Heat and Motion in a straight line with constant a:
Thermodynamics, Electricity and Magnetism and Modern
Physics. Also includes the value of Physical Constants. Helps v = u + at, s = ut + 21 at2 , v 2 − u2 = 2as
in quick revision for CBSE, NEET, JEE Mains, and Advanced.
Relative Velocity: ~vA/B = ~vA − ~vB
0.1: Physical Constants

Speed of light c 3 × 108 m/s

u
Planck constant h 6.63 × 10−34 J s y

u sin θ
hc 1242 eV-nm H
x
Projectile Motion:
Gravitation constant G 6.67×10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 θ
Boltzmann constant k 1.38 × 10−23 J/K O u cos θ
Molar gas constant R 8.314 J/(mol K) R

Avogadro’s number NA 6.023 × 1023 mol−1

Charge of electron e 1.602 × 10−19 C x = ut cos θ, y = ut sin θ − 21 gt2
Permeability of vac- µ0 4π × 10−7 N/A2 g
y = x tan θ − 2 x2
uum 2u cos2 θ
Permitivity of vacuum 0 8.85 × 10−12 F/m 2u sin θ u2 sin 2θ u2 sin2 θ
T = , R= , H=
Coulomb constant 1
4π0 9 × 109 N m2 /C2 g g 2g
Faraday constant F 96485 C/mol
Mass of electron me 9.1 × 10−31 kg 1.3: Newton’s Laws and Friction
Mass of proton mp 1.6726 × 10−27 kg
Mass of neutron mn 1.6749 × 10−27 kg Linear momentum: p~ = m~v
Atomic mass unit u 1.66 × 10−27 kg
Atomic mass unit u 931.49 MeV/c2 Newton’s first law: inertial frame.
Stefan-Boltzmann σ 5.67×10−8 W/(m2 K4 )
Newton’s second law: F~ = d~
p
dt , F~ = m~a
constant
Rydberg constant R∞ 1.097 × 107 m−1 Newton’s third law: F~AB = −F~BA
Bohr magneton µB 9.27 × 10−24 J/T
Bohr radius a0 0.529 × 10−10 m Frictional force: fstatic, max = µs N, fkinetic = µk N
Standard atmosphere atm 1.01325 × 105 Pa
v2 v2
Wien displacement b 2.9 × 10−3 m K Banking angle: rg = tan θ, rg = µ+tan θ
1−µ tan θ
constant
mv 2 v2
Centripetal force: Fc = r , ac = r
2

1 MECHANICS Pseudo force: F~pseudo = −m~a0 , Fcentrifugal = − mv

r

Minimum speed to complete vertical circle:

1.1: Vectors
p p
vmin, bottom = 5gl, vmin, top = gl
Notation: ~a = ax ı̂ + ay ̂ + az k̂
q
Magnitude: a = |~a| = a2x + a2y + a2z θ
l
q
l cos θ
Conical pendulum: T = 2π θ T
Dot product: ~a · ~b = ax bx + ay by + az bz = ab cos θ g

ı̂ mg
a × ~b
~ ~b
Cross product:
θ k̂ ̂
~
a
1.4: Work, Power and Energy
~a ×~b = (ay bz − az by )ı̂ + (az bx − ax bz )̂ + (ax by − ay bx )k̂ Work: W = F~ · S
~ = F S cos θ, W =
R
F~ · dS
~

|~a × ~b| = ab sin θ Kinetic energy: K = 12 mv 2 = p2

2m

Potential energy: F = −∂U/∂x for conservative forces.

1.2: Kinematics
Ugravitational = mgh, Uspring = 21 kx2
Average and Instantaneous Vel. and Accel.:

~vav = ∆~r/∆t, ~vinst = d~r/dt Work done by conservative forces is path indepen-
dent and depends only on initial and final points:
~aav = ∆~v /∆t ~ainst = d~v /dt H
F~conservative · d~r = 0.

Work-energy theorem: W = ∆K

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