Centre of Mass 1

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 Centre of Mass
That one point which, under the influence of external forces and conditions,
moves/behaves as if the entire mass of the system is concentrated there.

Its motion is same as if the resultant of all forces acting on the system is
directly applied to it.
 Centre of Mass and Centre of Gravity

A concept similar to centre of mass is centre of gravity.

The centre of gravity of a body is that point at which the force of gravity can be
considered to act.
 NOTE

There would be a difference between the two only if a body is large enough so that the
acceleration due to gravity would be different at different parts of the body

Earth Surface
 Important about Centre of Gravity

A C B A C’ B

FgB
FgB FgA

FgA
 Mass Moment
It is defined as the product of mass of the particle and distance of the particle from the
point about which mass moment is taken. It is a vector quantity and its direction is
directed from the point about which it is taken to the particle, as shown.

A
The mass moment of particle A(mass = m) about the
point P is given by mz. m

z is the distance between point mass and the point

about which mass moment is required z

P
 Mass Moment

The property is “The summation of mass moments of all the components of a system about its centre of
mass is always equal to zero”
 Centre of Mass of Multiple Object System
Position vector of particle (1) Y
m2

m1

cm
Position vector of particle (2)

m3

X
O

Position vector of particle (3)

Centre of Mass of Multiple Object System
Y
m2

m1

cm

m3

X
O
 Centre of Mass of Multiple Object System
The property is “The summation of mass Y
m2
moments of all the components of a system
about its centre of mass is always equal to zero”
m1

cm

m3

X
O
Centre of Mass of Multiple Object System
The property is “The summation of mass
moments of all the components of a system
about its centre of mass is always equal to zero”
 Centre of Mass of Multiple Object System

x - coordinate of centre of mass

y - coordinate of centre of mass

z - coordinate of centre of mass

 Centre of Mass
Examples of system of particles

2 particle systems
F F

m1 m2

m2
Many-particle system
mn
m1
m3
 Examples of system of particles
Continuous Mass Distribution

Uniform rod

Ring
Disc Sphere
 Centre of Mass of Two particle system
In general,

m1 m2
O x

x1 x2

Xcm : weighted average of x1 & x2 (position of particles)

weighted according to their masses
 Centre of Mass of Two particle system
d
d1 = ?
m1 m2

d2 = ?
d1 d2
 Centre of Mass of Two particle system
d
m1 m2

d1 d2
 Centre of Mass of Two particle system
d
m1 m2

d1

as we can see
m1 m2
● if m1 = m2 ; d1 = d/2

m1 m2
● m1 >> m2 ; d1 → 0
 Centre of Mass of Two particle system
d
m1 m2

d1
m1 m2
● m1 > m2 ; d1 < d/2 ;1

m1 m2
● m2 > m1 ; d2 < d/2
 Centre of Mass of two Particle System

(0, 0, 0) (l, 0, 0)

M1 M2
CM

l
 Important Points
➔ CM is independent of Mass, it depends on Ratio of Mass.

➔ CM of two particles always lie on the line joining the two particles.

➔ CM of two particles is always towards the heavier mass

Example Find COM d1kg = ?

1 kg 2 kg

3m
Example A system consists of 3 particles each of mass m and located at (1, 1) (2, 2) (3,
3). The coordinates of the centre of mass are

A. (6, 6)
B. (3, 3)
C. (2, 2)
D. (1, 1)
Example Locate position of centre of mass of three particle system from “2M” mass

2M M
L

M
Example Find x y coordinate of COM of following 3 particle system
1 kg (1, 4, 1) ; 2 kg (1, 1, 1) ; 3 kg (2, -1, -2)
Example Find x y coordinate of COM of following 4 particle system
1 kg (0 , 0) ; 2 kg (1 , 0) ; 3 kg (0 , 1) ; 4 kg (1 , 1)
Example Find XCOM of following 4 particle system kept at corners of a square of side ‘a’

m 2m

x
m 2m
Example Find distance of COM of following 3 particle system from any mass m

d d

m m
d
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