iRe-SP:101-2019 GUIDELINES FOR WARM MIX ASPHALT Published by: INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Kama Koti Marg, Sector-6, R.K. Purem, ‘New Delhi-110 022 DECEMBER, 2019IROSP:104-2018 First Published August, 2014 Firet Revision December, 2019 [All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the ‘permission af the indian Roads Congress) Printed a: India Offset Press, Delhi 100 CopiesIRC-SP:104.2019 CONTENTS 3.No. Description Personnel of the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee 1 Introduction 1 2 Scope 2 3 Overview of WHA Technology 3 4 Benefits of Warm Mix Asphalt 5 5. Choice of an appropriate WMA Technology 5 6 Design of WMA Mixes 6 7. Production of Warm Mix Asphalt 8 8. Construction Operation 10 8 Qualty Assurance " 10. Collaborative Efforts by Contracting Agency. Technology Provider " ‘and the Contacting Authority " Road map for WMA Technology 8 ‘Annex 1 Properties of WMA to be Verified in Accordance with Testing 14 Procedure as per AASHTO/ASTM Standards Annexure List of WMA Trials in India 6 References 82 9 “ 18 6 8 8 a 2 a a 25 IRC'SP:101-2019, PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS Pandy. LK (Conner) Balacisnn, (CoConvencr) ura, Sariooy (itenbar Secretary) Berar, jan Kumer Boss, De Suni chant, Or Satoh Guta, OF Jain RK Kel KK Kumar Or Manean Lal.cheman Mos, HL Nasir JT iol sito, Prot. (Or) Pate 5 Prasad, Ral Rawal, MS. Redoy, Or. KS. Krishna Reddy, LG, Roddy, Prot (Or) KS, sharma, $C Shivastava. AK. AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE (As on 20.07.2019) Decor General (Road Development) & Special Secretary to Got. of nda Mistry of Road Transport and Highways, New Debi Addiional Director General, Minsty of Road Transport and Highways, New Debi Chie! Enginoor (R) 8, R&T, Ministry of Read Transport and Hihways, New Dah Members Engincorin-Chiat (Ci) (Rat), Osha Head (Ret), PC Dislon, Cenval Road Research Institute, New Osh Decor, Canta Road Research Insti, New Day 1DG{RD) & AS (Ret), Ministry of Surface Transport, New Dati Chie Enginoor (Rete), PWD Haryana Charan & Managing Decor, ICT Put Us, New Deli ‘Associate Doctor, CEG Lid, New Deh Engincer-n-Chiat Reta), PWD (BAR) Hayane Enaince-n-Chet Reta), PD Haya Secretary (Ret), PWD Rejastnan Secretary (Rett), PWD Maharashtra Secretary General, Inaian Roads Congress, New Doth Deputy Decor, ncn insttute of Tecnology, Roorkee Secretary (Rett), PWD (Roads and Buisings) Guat Engincerin-Chie (Reta), PWD & Banglore Mahenavar Pate, Karnataka Executive Drector,AECOM India Pu. Lis ‘Secret, Public Work, Ports & nian Wate Transport Deparimen, Kamat Engingerin-Chiet (NH, CRF & Buldinge), PWD Hyderabad Professor, Indan nett of Technology, Kharegpur 1G{RD) &.AS (Rot), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Deb Adivonal Director General (Rett), Ministry of Road Transpor and Highway, New Dah [DG{RO)& SS (Ret), Misty of Read Transport and Highway, New Deh [2G{RD) & SS (Ret), Ministyof Road Transpo and Highways, Naw DhIRe-SP:101-2019, 20 a 3 22 2 38 38 a 39 ‘The Chief Engineer (asa, Tol) ‘The Ad. DGBR (Non Wes} (uray, Ant) ‘The Diector (Tech) @rasnan, 8) “The Gonoral Manager (Projet) (Reta) (Kau, Sash) ‘he JICA Expert (Ktayama, tena) ‘The Member (Proecs) (Pandey. RK) ‘The Professor (Chaleoboty, Ds Partha) The Secretary (Wasava, 58) ‘The Socrotary (Roads) Uosm CP) ‘The Secretary (Tech) (ekoo, Binal (Rete) ‘The Spec Dect General (Rots) (Gansal. mc) ‘Verkatasha, MC. ‘Wasson, Ashok sional, RK Justo, Prot (Dr) CES. \eeraragavan, Pro. (0x) A Director Development) & Special Secretary to Govt of naa Secrotay Genera, Inaion Roads Congress WO Arunachal Pradesh Bordor Roads Organisation, New Dah "National Rural inrasuuctue Development Agency, New Dah atonal Highways an Iasi Revenant Corporation, New Dh pan inteational Cooperation Agency, New Dati ‘National Highways Authrty of nda, New Dshi Rood and Bulngs Deparment. Gujarat PW Manacashis Fads and Bukings Departmen, Jammu & Kashmir ‘CPW, Nirman Bhawan, Now Dah ‘consistant “Member (Tock. (Ret), Natona HigxwaysAuthonty of nda, New Da Corresponding Members MO, Stuct Geotech Research Laborotes (P) Lis, Bengalins Professor (Ret), Emons (ExaednJne, 2018) Professor, nclan Institute of Technology, Madras Ex-Officio Members (Gasar, Tol), Chit Engineer, PWD Anunachal Pradesh (Pandey, LK) Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi Nima, Sanjay KumerIRC-SP:101-9010 GUIDELINES FOR WARM Mix ASPHALT 1. INTRODUCTION ‘Werm Mix Asphalt technology has been in use in USA and a number of European countries for ‘several years. A number of trials were also made in the recent past in India. This technology ‘hat inhoront advantages in terms of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and economy in construction (because of less fuel consumption in construction) as well as elimination of suspected health hazards to construction workers (according to some studies the fumes from hot bituminous mixes isa heslth hazard). Considering the importance and need of green technology, IRC published Interim Guidelines for Warm Mix Asphaltin the year 2014, This document presents {he interim guidelines forthe production and construction of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) pavement. ‘Subsequent othe adoption and usage ofthe warm mix technology in India, the feedback received fon the interim guidetines from various stakeholders and also considering the advancement in materials and technology, IRC decided to revise this document. The task was assigned to Flexible Pavement, Airfield & Runways (H-2) Committee of IRC during the tenure 2018-20. The inti document was prepared by Dr. Sunil Bose, Dr. Ambika Behl and Dr. Sridhar Raju. The draft ‘was deliberated in various meetings of H-2 Committee and was finalized in its meeting held on 8° June, 2019. ‘The composition of H-2 Committee is given below: Reddy, Prot (Or) K. Sudhakar Convenor Nima, Sanjay Kumar Co-Convenor Shukla, Manoj Kumar Member-Secretary Members Basu, $8. Lal, Chaman Bonginwar, PL. Murthy, O.V. Sridhar Bose, Dr Sunil Panda, Prof. (Or.) Mahabir Director (Tech.), NRIDA (Pradhan, 8.C.) Pandey, LK. Garg, Sanjay Pandey, RK. Ghai Inert Rep. of DGBR (Das, Brig. AK. VSM) Jain, NS. Sharma, 8.0. Jain, RK. Singh, VK. Jha, Bidur Kant Sinha, AV. krishna, Prabhat Sitaramanjaneyul, K Kumar, Prof (Dr) Praveen Tyagi, BR.Corresponding Members Justo, Prof. (Dr) C.E.G. (Expired im June, 2019) Seehra, Or. SS, Rao, Prof. (Dr) SK. Veeraragavan, Prof. (Dr) A. Ex-Officio Members President, (Basar, To), Chief Engineer, dian Roads Congiess PWD Arunactal Pradesh Divecter General (Pandy, LK.) Ministy of Road ‘808d Development) & Special Transport & Highways ‘Secretary to Gout of india Secretary General Nirmal. Sanjay Kumar Indian Roads Congress «© aft docunient was placed before the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee HSS) in ts meeting held on 20.07.2019. The HSS Committee decided that Co-Convenor, H-2 “will modify the document hased en writen comments and verbal comments offered dua ng the meeting and submit the final document 1 {RC for placing inthe IRC Mid-Term Council ‘ing, The Mid-Term Council in its meeting held on 9 and 10" August, 2019 at Goa approved tument fer publishing, «guidelines would need to be further rafined and armended in course of ime with experience <2 20 with widespread use of the technology, 2, SCOPE ‘The Guidelines Describe ‘Arrange cf warm mix technologies, which have the potential for use in bituminous construction tke Dense Bituminous Macadam (OBM), Bituminous Concrete (BC) ‘meeting the quality and performance requirements of IRC:111 and Recycled Asphalt Pavements (RAP). ii The essential requirements of collaborative effort between the technology provider! the product supplier on the one hand and the contracting agency on the other with View to promoting the use ofthe warm mix technology. 22 Since the WMA technology uses a variety of patented products as additives, which ‘come in different forms such as solid, quid and powder and use different processes for ‘administering the additives and mixing, these guidelines do not prescribe any specific product or process except in a generic manner at the level of technology. 23 The guidelines further recommend that the contracting authorities may accept any. technology that claims to meet the requirements of these guidelines provided such a claim is (a) substantiated by laboratory and fiold tests, and (b) backed by a collaboration tetween theIRe-SP-101-2019, contracting agency and the productitechnology provider in a manner that ensures joint and several responsibilty. 3. OVERVIEW OF WMA TECHNOLOGY 3.4 The basic principle ofthis technology is that by adding certain additives at the final ‘stages of the mix production, the coating ofthe aggregates by the binder s greatly enhanced and can be achieved at a considerabiy less temperatura (typically 30°C less) compared tothe hot enix process wherein bitumen is heated to a sufficiently high temperature to make it fd enough 12 ‘surround the aggregates and cost their surfaces, In hol mix process, itis the viscosity of bituaie. alone, which is less at higher temperature, that plays the main role in coating of aggrogat warm mix technology, this can be acnisved in three diferent ways, viz by increasing the volume: Cf bitumen, by making the biturnen loss viscous, by reducing the surface tension at aggregate bitumen interface ete 32 Currently thare are more than 30 diferent WMA technologies, using patented processes and products, which have capabiities of bringing reduction in mixing, laysown and compaction temperatures of bituminous mixes in one of the three different ways described ‘above. Although the end effect of reduction of mixing, laydown and compaction temperatures is the same, different technologies werk in cifferent ways. This specication covers the Warn Mix Bituminous technologies cuntily ns4:e4 ylobatly, classifying them into four main catagar'e: Water Bs Technologies L Foaming Inessence, the "water technologies’ use fine water droplets to expand the volume of binder in the mix by causing i 10 foam. This has the effect of increasing the volume Of the bitumen, enabling it to coat aggregate at lower temperatures. The foaming technology can be futher sub-divided into two classes, foaming additives and water injection system. The foaming process works by creating foamed asphalt thatimproves ‘coating and compaction at lower temperature. Water expands 1,600 times when converted into steam at atmospheric pressure, and the steam is encapsulated by viscous bitumen producing foam, which occupies a much greater volume compared to the original bitumen, The water for creating the foam is elther added as water through a watar injection stom in a specialized equipment, or from zeolites (which contain about 20% water). Water is added ats rate of 1.25 to 2.0% by weight of bitumen (about 600 mi of water per ton of mix), whereas the zeolites are added a rate of 0.1 0.0.3% by weight ofthe mix, Foaming by water allows 18°C to 30°C reduction in temperature whereas foaming by zeolites allows a reduction of 30°C to 40°C. aw Water Carrying Chemical Addltives Natural and synthetic zeolites are min mix thereby creating “in-situ” foaming within the bitumen | additives used to introduce water into thIRe-SP:101-2019 Zeolites in general are added to the mic with the filer during mixing process. As the mixing temperature increases the zeoltes siowiy release their absorbed water into the bitumen, which is dispersed throughout the mixture in the form of very fine foam droplets. This causes an increase in tie volume of the bitumen and leading to improvement ints ability to cost the aggregate. ti Wet Fine Aggregate Addition Systems In this process the bituminous binder is added to the heated coarse aggregate in the mixer. Once the coarse aggregate are well coated, fine aggregate at ambient temperature with moisture content of araund 3% introduced. The moisture vaporizes, causing the binder coating the coarse aggregate to foam, which in turn encapsulates the fine aggregate Chemical Additives WMA technologies utilize chemical additives that have litle effect on rheological properties of the binder. These products may be supplied in pellet, powder or liquid form, and then mixed into the binder or directly added to the mix. Chemical additives are Surfactants (surface active agents) that reduce surface tension batween the polar aggregates and non-polar bitumen, improve wetting and reduce internal fiction, and allows a reduction of 28°C-505C in mixing and compaction temperatures. Typically they are added at the rate of 0.20 to 0.75 percent by welght ‘of bitumen. Rheological Modifiers ‘The wax based products can be described as viscosity modifying organic additives that reduce binder viscosity at high temperatures and thus allow lower mixing and paving temperatures. The addlives, which are either waxes or other hydrozarbon modifiers improve lubrication by reducing the viscosity of bitumen and allow a reduction of 28°C to 40°C in mixing and compaction temperatures. Typical dosage amounts are 2 to 4% by weight of bitumen. Sometimes these additives are also added as modifiers for increasing the stifness of asphalt mixes, for specialty ‘applications, such as in racing racks, Hybrid Technologies Hybrid technologies uilize a combination of two or more WMA technologies to achieve the: reduction in temperature. For example, Low Energy Asphalt (LEA) utiizes a chemical additive with 2 water injection system to improve coating at lower temperatures, The additives come in different forms, such as liquid, powder, pellet and are administered in the mx production process at diferent stage. Accordingly, some modifcation in the bituminous mixing plants is necessary to administer the controlled dosage ofthe addlves, Some additives in liquid ‘orm can be pre-blended with bitumen and would need no modification in the conventional ‘mixing plant provided the blended bitumen contains the right dase of active thar additives, Which are administered in the mix at certain stage during the mix preduction process, would Fequire some modification in the conventional mixing plants. These moditications would generally 4IRe-SP:101.2019 require a separate material (adltive) feed system and a material metering system (to ensure the Fight dosage) which should be integrated with computerized plant control system of the mixing plant. The water-based WMA technologies would additionally need a water injaction system as well 3.3 Apart from such plant modification as required to administer the additives (described above), some modifications are needed for recalibrating the fuel burner, aggregate drying system, bitumen heating system and to take care of the possible consequences of lower temperature ‘operation, such as contamination of the mix by un-bumt fuel and trapped moisture, condensation ‘of bag house fines, et to operate the plant at reduced temperature compared to that adopted for the conventional hot mix production, 4, BENEFITS OF WARM MIX ASPHALT (1) Environmental Benefits: The single most important justifcation for use of this technology is that it raduces the emission of green house gases by around 25 to 30% and controls thereby global warming. This would earn tradable carbon credit Secondly, the technology is quite compalible with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement technology, which reduces the requirement of fresh aggregates and reduces the fenvironmental hazard associated with dumping of damaged pavement material. (2) Health Benefits: The fumes from Hot Mix Asphalt are known to be potential health hazards, especially for the construction workers. Reduced temperature of the mix ‘avoids this health hazard, (3) Technical advantages: 2. Lower mixing temperature reduces the oxidation and ageing of bitumen and thereby gives long lasting pavement by delaying fatigue cracking, b.Mucti improved workability of the mix at lower temperatures gives better ‘compactabilty and larger compaction window. Reduced rate of cooling of the mix (due to low intial temperature of the mix) ‘permits longer haul distance from the plant to work sites and better cold weather ‘onstruction opportunites. (4) Cost benefits: WMA is most likely to have long term cost advantages, though its astimation should be case specifc. The cost advantage is & trade-off batwoen the additional cost of using the additives and technologias (including plant modification) and cost savings achieved through reduced fuel consumption, longer ife of pavement and use of recycled material 5. CHOICE OF AN APPROPRIATE WMA TECHNOLOGY In the Section dealing with ‘overview, the principles behind various alternative technologies and different acditives have been presented. They provide the general guideline for an appropriate choice of technology. Secondly, since the plants and equipment used for producing WA mixes would remain essentially the same (at least tll such time the technolo proliferates and itsIRC-SP:104.2010 se becomes widespread) as that for HMA mix, it would be necessary to ascertain the nature and feasibilty of as well as commitment to these modifications/changes. Thirdly, the suppliers ‘of the products to be used in works should be willing to take responsibilty along withthe main ‘contractor rot only for their products but forthe entire technological solution, All technologies and all commercial additives should be allowed to compete for acceptance on a work ifthe following conditions are satisfied: 3 Technology andlor product suppliers provide evidence of (2) achinving the reduction af at loast 30°C in mixing and laying tomperatures ‘demonstrated based on some actual work done in the past, The evidence should be in the form ofa certficate from the owner/owner's representative of the said work, (®) additives proposed to be used not having any harmful effects on human health ‘and environment, This evidence should be in the form of test certificates from reputed laboratory, (©) complete understanding o the technological solution such as dosage of additives, the process of administering the additives in @ controlled manner (weight, volume, pressure, temperature, etc.), adequacy of the plant and equipment proposed to be used on the work and if not, the modifications required, quality ‘assurance in the process, etc. This evidence should be in the form of a writen ‘uaity statement, : ‘The main contractor provides evidence of understanding of the technological ‘equirement, including modifications in the plant and equipment and acceptance of these requirements. This evidence should be inthe form of a written joint commitment statement. The selection of the best WMA technology depends on many factors, and in most cases is dependent on the monetary incentives and benefits of using WMA. Important factors to consider Include the reduction in temperature that is desired, the tonnage of mix that is anticipated and ‘whether or not to invest in plant technology that are needed for certain additives. It should also ‘be pointed out that the “green” benefits of adopting WMA technologies should not be overlooked, ‘and that @ reduction in emission through a reduction of temperature can help contractors) agencies receive significant amount of "carbon credits.” 6. DESIGN OF WMA MIXES The quality and performance ofthe WMA mix shall be the same as specified for HMA in IRC:111 {except for mixing and laying temperatures, which should be atleast 30°C less than those specified for HMA. The threshold of 30°C is considered technologically feasible as well as desirable from the point of view of fuel savings of some significance. Design of mix, quality of inputs (except the adsitives) and tests required to be performed shall follow the same procedures as specified in IRC:111. In addition, the following WMA specific tests shall also be performed:IRC-SP:101-2019 : Coating : Compactabilty : Moisture Sensitivity The viscosity-temperature plots shall note used to find the mixing and compaction temperatures ‘of warm asphalt mixes, Since not all WMA additives effect the viscosity of bitumen and mainly ‘work on the bitumen-aggregate interface and improve the workabilty of the asphalt mix at lower ‘temperatures. Volumetric properties should be used as the criteria for optimizing the mixing and ‘compaction temperatures for warm mixes. The above parameters should be verified frst in the laboratory and after the criteria are satisfied a fied trial section of at least 500 m length shall be constructed, and the parameters obtained in the laboratory may be verified. 6:1 Aggregate Coating : WMA samples shall be prepared as per AASHTO T195 (Refer Annex 1) at 2 temperature of atleast 30°C lower than conventional hot-mix. . ‘The warm-mix shall be evaluated for coating as per AASHTO T195, : Minimum 95% of the coarse aggregate particles shall be fully coated at a temperature of at least 30°C lower than conventional hot-mi 62 Compactal y Since the mixing and compaction temperatures of the warm-mix samples are lowered by at least 30°C compared to the conventional hot-mix, itis important for the warm-mix samples to attain specified mix densities at adopted lower temperatures. In order to verify that the warm-mix ‘samples attain sufficient density when prepared al temperatures which are atleast 30°C lower than those of conventional hot-mix: . Three hot-mix specimens shall be prepared conforming to the JMF as per AASHTO 7245 (also adopted in MORTH Section 500 Table 10). (Refer Annex 1) : Similarly, three more warm-mix specimens shall be prepared conforming to the JMF. Inall cases the JMF shall be made in the same procedure as per conventional mixes ‘except at a temperature at least 30°C lower than the hot-mix samples as per AASHTO "T245, The compactive effort should be similar for both mixes. In case there isa specific ‘change required by an additive manufacturer to suit he JMF requirements the same ‘shall be permitted except thatthe Specified Properties in the Guidelines shall have to bbe adhered to, : ‘Thebulk specific gravity (G,,.) of lthe specimens shall be determined as per AASHTO 7168, : ‘The theoretical maximum specific gravity (G,,) ofthe bituminous mixture of HMA and WMA shall be determined as per AASHTO T209. The air voids of both the mixes shall be determined 5 pet the following equation: fof the air voids shall be as per the following equation:Ro-SP-101-2019 of WHA Vof FMA : ‘The ratio shal be such that 0.9 Sujuedo soyoInb “o}euND pK | Jepun sjrey. so6uo) ‘sassed 682 fa poonpo: (oa pue | suondwnsue9 was “suondunsuco jery peonpeys| and owe | o-HN | “ano | woor | yeWexeG | Hoe ‘ver Ticeeeeseegerencaee etaiOle | eestor 1 1 ue Jopuig uaemieq Uojsoupe, yojons yews peo | (ogas) an, Pororduy “eyows s0| panseow ion _o.0¢ | eA | 06-9A | wove | veBeLuEpUEUD z ured Jo} Buppom eigeroyut09 | ‘nope $$97 “O,001 ¥ vane) yojeas news | aoc | ese (98) 09 oaiisa Pawedwon apnea oa-anso | naineeau ion | oz ha_| esnsnpu| -aweio | woor | “ouomes | eo0z'Snv| 1 iq a poanpas XW eu |__paniesqo sijoueg fo sBurnes jong [dwox x _uoiens | HopuiE uy so owl _oN’s ainxouuy. VIGNI NI STV Yiu 40 187IRe-SP:101-2019 THOUISD wow poureygo aq Kew sodas poreiep ou “suoRDeS YIN O47 0} eiqeVed00 aq 01 punoy Sem SUONDES YIN JO SOURUUOLES Pio ‘24 TANO-UISO Aq "uoND ory _ptorpo Suuedo mune wesc | vin | OPA | wore ssedfenuuer, cL ver wu oot waa) | wx oc-5n | Gt’ |seys-snBusey 9) ‘Uer 'se9sed Jafios Jo ou J95s0)| quowemnseou Jonduinsuos _fery _peonpex| jempe wor | o,06-sz, i wobe| dujs-que se eum peoerdea| | “sossed Joyo) Jo sequin sso} | oye uoyoeduoo| oz -uerd ut ww 06 Penoxduut) yuoucinseous waa) eiempuig ‘suondunsueo jeny peonpey| temewors | 9.62 | PHN OF-DA | wose | ~edemeg | 2} 200 soyo60,660 t somadoid dins-nue) jsiou Aion, ‘sassed Joj Jo soqunu ssaj| -i9z jo Buses ‘u; Buninses poys uonpedwoo | jen Suneopul sseysuep ponoudu|“paonpa: (waa) | Suopus |‘Suonduinsuoo jer} peonpex!| Guuedo ouna | o.sz | yrHN | o€-OA | woos | ~seuenno | zioz iby @ aimerodw} Mol 2 2 Aysuep | fonj BueD;pUL wooy |uooveg wefod| Hides sete eura| oe | vam fa peonpes | 2m L_Ponesao sieved fey | stuineg fon |duiox xiw woions | HepuiG |inbueT| waxyIRC:SP:108-2019 10. 1 12. 13 14 46. 16 REFERENCES: Rajip B. Malick and A Veeraragavan, ‘Warm Mix Asphalt # Smart Solution for Building Suslainable Pavements in India, NBM & CW September, 2013, ‘Ambika Behl, Or. Sunil Bose, Girish Sharma, Gajendra Kumar,” Warm Bituminous ‘Mixes: The wave of future”, Journal of IRC, Volume 72-2, pp 101-107, 2011 Ambika Behl, Dr. Sunit Bose, Girish Sharma, Gajendra Kumar, "Warm Bituminous Mixes: Way to Sustainable Pavements", presented and published in the proceedings of 9" International Transportation Specialty Conference held in Edmonton, Canada 6-9" June, 2012 organized by Canadian Society of Civil Engineering ‘Ambika Behl, Gajondra Kumar, Dr. PK. Jain, “Performance of Low Energy Crumb Rubber Modified Bituminous Mixes”, 14" REAAA (Road Engineering Association of ‘Asia & Australasia) Conference held in Malaysia in September, 2013, ‘Ambika Behl, Prof. Satish Chandra, Prof. VK. Aggarwal, ‘Rheological Characterization of Bituminous Binder containing Wax based Warm Mix Asphalt Additive” Journal of Mechanical & Civil Engineering, Volume 9, Issue 1, PP 16-22, 2013 First Field Performance Evaluation Report of (WMA) Trial Section at DSIIDC Industrial ‘Area Bawana, New Delhi, Apri, 2012, CRRI Report First Field Performance Evaluation Report of (WMA) Trial Stretch on Halol Godhra- Samiaji Section Gujarat, August, 2012, CRRI Report. Laboratory Evaluation of Wax Additive in Warm Asphalt Mixes, 2011,CRRI Report. Laboratory Evaluation of Additive in Warm Mixes, 2010, GRRI Report ‘Mexico City Warm Asphalt Specifications, 2010, CRI Repor. ‘Local Standards of Jiangxi Province, Specifications of Warm Mix Asphalt for Pavement Construction, January 11, 2011 California WMA Specifications, August, 2012 ‘Best Practice Guideline and Specification for Warm Mx Asphalt ~ South Africa, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP Report 691, Nix Design Practices for Warm Mix Asphalt, 2011, ‘AASHTO T 163, Warm Mix Asphalt Mixes. Warm Mix Asphalts English version published by dav (German Asphalt Paving ‘Association), Bonn, Germany, July, 2009, ‘Ambika Behl, Prof Satish Chandra, Dr. S. Gangopadhyay, ‘Durability and Performance Characteristics of Warm Asphalt Mixes", Journal of Indian Road Congress, Volume: 77-1, pp 323-332, 2016. Ambika Behl, Prof. Satish Chandra, VK. Aggarwal, Dr. 8. Gangopadhyay, "Zero Sheat Viscosity of Bitumen-Filler Mastics of Warm Mix Binders", ASCE Journal of Material ‘Science in Civil Engineering, USA, 2015. ‘Ambika Behl, Prof, Satish Chandra “Aging Characteristics of Warm Mix Asphalt Binders” ASCE, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, USA Vol. 29, Issue 10, 2017. 18