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COMPUTER ESSENTIALS
Free Wi-Fi Internet Access in Public Places Project
Capacity Building Component

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this course, the participants would be able to:

 Define computer and identify the four basic

computing functions.
 Identify the different types of computers.
 Describe hardware devices and its uses.
 Identify types of software and its uses.

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COMPUTER

 An advanced electronic device that takes raw data

as input from the user and processes it under the
control of set of instructions (program), gives the
result (output), and saves (store) it for the future
use.

COMPUTER

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COMPUTER
Functionalities of a Computer:
1. Input: Transferring of data into a computer system.
2. Store: Storing of data/information/instructions in
the memory and use them when required.
3. Process: Manipulating and controlling of data and
converting it into useful information.
4. Output: Generating the output or displaying the
information.

COMPUTER
Functionalities of a Computer:
It can summarized using the I-P-O + S diagram
COMPUTER

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

STORE

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DATA

A collection of independent raw facts, numbers,

letters, symbols and any combination of these that
provide necessary requirements of a system to
achieve a result.

DATA
Example: Juan dela Cruz
25
Quezon City
Single
January 11, 1991

Teacher
Male

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INFORMATION

A data made meaningful based on the needs of the

user through manipulation.
 Also called processed data.

INFORMATION
Data Juan dela Cruz
Example: 25
Quezon City
Single
January 11, 1991

Teacher
Male

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INFORMATION
Example: Juan
Full dela
Name: Cruz
25
Address:
Quezon City
Birthdate: Single
January 11, 1991
Civil Status: Age:

Teacher
Sex: MaleOccupation:

TYPE OF COMPUTERS

 Desktop Computers – are

designed to be placed on a
desk, and they're typically
made up of a few different
parts, including the computer
case, monitor, keyboard,
and mouse.

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TYPE OF COMPUTERS

 Laptop Computers – also

known as notebooks, are
portable computers that you
can take with you and use in
different environments.

TYPE OF COMPUTERS

 TabletComputers or tablets –
are handheld computers that
are even more portable than
laptops. Instead of a keyboard
and mouse, tablets use
a touch-sensitive screen for
typing and navigation.
 The iPad is an example of a
tablet.

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OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things

computers can do, including browsing the Internet and
playing games.

OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Wearables: Wearable technology

is a general term for a group of
devices — including fitness
trackers and smartwatches —
that are designed to be worn
throughout the day.

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OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Gameconsoles: A game console is a specialized type of

computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.

OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Smart TVs: Many TVs now include applications —or apps

— that let you access various types of online content. You
can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.

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COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer system is made of:
• Hardware – the physical • Software – the programs
components or list of instructions

HARDWARE
Hardware represents the physical and tangible
components of a computer i.e. the components that
can be seen and touched.
Examples of hardware are following:
 Input devices - keyboard, mouse etc.
 Output devices - printer, monitor etc.
 Internal components - CPU, motherboard, RAM etc.
 Secondary storage devices - hard disk, CD, DVD etc.

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INPUT DEVICES

What is an Input?
What are the Input Devices?

INPUT DEVICES
 Any data or instruction entered into the computer is
known as INPUT.
 An input device helps you to communicate with the
computer.
 To enter information and issue commands, you use
input devices.
 Examples of input devices:
 Keyboard  Microphone
 Mouse  Digital Camera
 Scanner and Web Camera

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KEYBOARD
 The keyboard is the most common and widely used
input device.
 It is made up of buttons called ‘keys’. The keys are
arranged into sections.

KEYBOARD

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KEYBOARD

KEYBOARD
Common Keyboard Shortcuts

 Select All  Undo

 Copy  Redo

 Cut  Switch windows

 Paste  Exit

 Save Refresh

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MOUSE
– a pointer device
 Primary button – left button of the mouse.
 Secondary button – right button of the mouse
 Scroll Wheel – located between the buttons
use to help you scroll thru documents and
webpages more easily.

Note: You will use the primary button most often.

MOUSE
How to properly hold a computer mouse?

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MOUSE
Mouse Actions:
 Click– Selects an Item on the Screen
 Double-Click – Opens Document or
Program
 Right-Click – Displays a List of
Commands
 Drag and Drop – Moves Item on Screen
 Wheel Mouse – Scroll and Zoom

MOUSE
• Left click or click – • Double click – clicking the
clicking the primary primary button two times
button

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MOUSE
• Right click – clicking the
secondary button
• Drag and Drop – click on an
object, hold the button down while
dragging to a different area of the
screen.

SCANNER

A scanner is an input device

that reads printed text and
graphics and the image or
text obtained can be saved
or changed on the
computer.

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MICROPHONE

A microphone allows you

to record your voice to the
computer.
 It also lets you speak to
other people using
computers or even on the
telephone.

CAMERA

 records and stores images in

digital form, which can then
be viewed on a screen.
 used to transmit video
images in real time or for
videoconferencing over the
Internet.

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OUTPUT DEVICES

What is an Output?
What are the Output Devices?

OUTPUT DEVICES
 Computer is fed with a lot of data to be processed
and organized.
 The data that has been processed into a useful form
is called OUTPUT.
 Output is the result we get through output devices.
 Examples of output devices are:
 Monitor  Speaker
 Printer  Headphone

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MONITOR
A monitor is an output device similar to a television
screen.
 It is used to display text and graphics.

PRINTER
 Printer is an output device that print text and
graphics from a computer onto paper.
 A printer can produce both black and white and
colored images.

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SPEAKERS
A speaker allows you to hear the sound generated
by your computer.
 Speaker produces sound or music.

HEADPHONE
 Headphone is used to listen to music and sounds.
 Headphone usually have strap that rests on top of
the head and a pair of speakers over both ears.

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INTERNAL COMPONENTS

What are the

Internal Components?

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

 CPU is considered as the brain of the

computer.
 CPU performs all types of data
processing operations.
 It stores data, intermediate results
and instructions (program).
 It controls the operation of all parts
of computer.

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MOTHER BOARD
 The motherboard serves as a single
platform to connect all of the parts
of a computer together.
A motherboard connects CPU,
memory, hard drives, optical drives,
video card, sound card, and other
ports and expansion cards directly or
via cables.
 It can be considered as the
backbone of a computer.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

 Alternatively referred to as main
memory, primary memory, or
system memory, Random Access
Memory (RAM).
 A hardware device that allows
information to be stored and
retrieved on a computer. As soon as
the machine is switched off, data is
erased.

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SECONDARY STORAGE

What are the

Secondary Storage Devices?

SECONDARY STORAGE
 Also known as the secondary
memory which serves as the storage
area of the computer system.
 Hard Disk
 USB Flash Drive
 CD (Compact Disk)
 DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital
Video Disk)
 Memory Card / SD Card
 Online File Storage

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SOFTWARE

 is any set of instructions that tells the hardware

what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells
it how to accomplish each task.
 Some examples of software include web browsers,
games, and word processors.

SOFTWARE
Categories of Software:
• Systems software – • Applications software –
includes the operating includes programs that
system and all do real work for users.
the utilities that enable For example, word
processors, spreadsheets,
the computer to and database management
function. systems.

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE

 Word Processor  Statistical Analysis

 Electronic Spreadsheet  Games
 Database Management  Data Communications
 Graphics  Utilities
 Desktop Publishing

OPERATING SYSTEM
 An operating system (OS) is software that starts up a
computer and keeps it running and responding to
your commands.

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OPERATING SYSTEM
 Runs applications (useful programs like word
processors, calculators, and so on) and enables you
to interact with them.
 Createsand maintains the user interface that you
see onscreen, such as the icons you click and the
dialog boxes you see.

OPERATING SYSTEM
 Controlsand manages the file storage system, so
you can save and open data files in your applications
and manage the files that run your applications.
 Communicates with the hardware, giving it
instructions to accomplish the tasks you request,
such as printing your work.

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OPERATING SYSTEM
Examples of Operating System

PEOPLEWARE
Personnel involved in the design, development,
installation and maintenance of computer
 Users
 Programmers
 Systems Analyst
 System/Network Administrator

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Thank you!

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