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Gender equality and women’s empowerment must be promoted both inside and outside the eu
Our objectives are clear and through our work to realize them, we contribute to the successful
implementation of the sdg and the women, peace, and security agenda
Sex refers to biological differences: chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.
“gender” refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that given society
considers appropriate for men and women -> gender ideology
“man” = male sex + masculine social role -> (a real man, masculine or manly)
“woman” = female sex + feminine social role -> (a real woman, feminine or womanly)
Gender equality in form of the right of equal pay for equal work can be found in article 119
in the treaty of Rome in 1957
“each member state shall during the first stage ensure and subsequently maintain the
application of the principle that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work”
Nice treaty
Article 23 states: “equality between men and women must be ensured in all areas, including
employment, work and pay “
The principle of equality shall not prevent the maintenance or adoption of measures providing
for specific advantages in favor of the under-represented sex
US-EU relation during the cold war
During the cold war (1945 – 1989) US and EU have a common purpose and show great unity
because they have the same enemy, the Soviet Union
But after the collapse of the Berlin wall US-EU relations began to-loss the common purpose. The
Soviet Union broken into pieces and was replaced by Russian federation, members of Warsaw
pact declared their independence. Russia was not as dangerous as Soviet Union in the early Post
cold war period
The Iraq war: decision to invade Iraq by president bush during his war against terrorism was not
supported by france and Germany. Both countries maintained their argument that this war was
driven by US unilateral foreign policy and not a multilateral foreign policy for there was no
approval from the united nations to invade Iraq. There was not really any real evidence that
sadam Hussein has the weapons of mass destruction
Economically Germany is the most powerful members followed by the united kingdoms and
france
Militarily france is most powerful followed by france,(Italy),Germany
The largest receivers of Chinese FDI until 2017 : the UK (EUR 4,2 Billion), Germany (EUR 2,1
billlion), France (1,6 billion). Since 2018 chinese FDI spread to Sweden and Luxembourg
Despite growing different perceptions on world affairs both have good economic relations
especially on trade sectors
The trade balance has been very good but vastly in favor of the EU. In fact, the US is the main
partner for european export, while it is the EU’s second largest partner for imports
Over the last decade, the EU’s trade surplus with the US has doubled from €65.1 billion in 2008
to €139.1 billion last year (2018)
Obama and EU
Obama strengthened the gab of US-EU relations when he declared pivot to asia policy (P2A) in
Australian parliament in 2011. An effort to leave troubled area (middle east) nd focused more
on Asian growing economy. Obama’s step to gain more economic benefits from the rising china
disappointed EU
Another case that deepened the gab was the tapping of angela merkel’s cellular phone by NSA.
Edward Snowden said in the 2013 widespread US foreign surveillance including merkel’s
conversation with other world leaders. This case certaintly strained Germany-US relations
The U.S heavily involved in Ukraine revolution to support the pro-western politician (petro
poroschenko) which finally forced viktor yanukovich, pro-russia politician to exile in Russia
Russia aggressively responded the U.S entry to Ukraine crisis by invading Crimea, an
autonomous area in south Ukraine
The U.S applied economic sanctions to Russia to force it out of crimea
Unfortunately, the U.S failed to join the minks agreement following the invasion. Only Germany,
france, Ukraine and Russia. It was said that the US avoided direct confrontation with Russia
EU-russia
Pokok bahasan
Copenhagen criteria
-political criteria
The applicans country must have achieved stability of its institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule
of its law, human rights and respect for and protections= of minorities
-economic criteria
It must have a functioning market economy, as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure
and market forces within the EU
It must have the ability to take on the obligantions related to of membership, including adhering to the
aims of political economics and monetary unions
1. Please elaborate how functionalist theory explain the european integration
2. Please clarify what is “the common foreign and security policy (CSFP)
3. Did the end of cold war signal a decisive shift in U.S european relations? If so, why?
4. The migration crisis, has exposed shortcomings in europe’s asylum system. Please analyses how
the eu respond to the crisis!
Kisi
Economic integration
Current issues in EU