Name ________________________________________ Block _______ Due Date __________

Unit 10 Equilibrium and Acid-Base Chemistry

Objectives Resources/Assignments
Chapter 17 Sections 1-3
Equilibrium Practice
Ch. 3f - I can distinguish between Le Chatelier's Principle
irreversible and reversible reactions. General Chemical Equilibrium Conclusion Questions
What Do You Mean, "It Is Soluble After All?"
Acid-Base Equilibrium
Chapter 17 Sections 1-3
Ch. 3f - I can predict the shift in equilibrium Equilibrium Practice
when a system is subjected to a stress and Le Chatelier's Principle
can identify the factors that can cause a shift General Chemical Equilibrium Conclusion Questions
in the equilibrium. What Do You Mean, "It Is Soluble After All?"
Acid-Base Equilibrium
Chapter 17 Section 1-3
Ch. 3f - Curriculum Extension - I can write General Chemical Equilibrium Conclusion Questions
equilibrium constant expressions (K). What Do You Mean, "It Is Soluble After All?"
Acid-Base Equilibrium

Ch. 3f - Curriculum Extension - I can

General Chemical Equilibrium Conclusion Questions
calculate the reaction quotient (Q) to
What Do You Mean, "It Is Soluble After All?"
determine the direction of the reaction when
Acid-Base Equilibrium
not at equilibrium.
Chapter 18 Sections 1-2
Ch. 4d - I can differentiate between the
pH and pOH Calculations
defining characteristics of the Arrhenius
Strong Acids and Bases
theory of acids and bases and the Bronsted-
Chemistry Titrations
Lowry theory of acids and bases.
Acid-Base Equilibrium
Ch. 4d - I can identify common examples of
acids and bases including vinegar and ---------------------
ammonia.
Chapter 18 Section 3
pH and pOH Calculations
Ch. 4d - I can relate the hydronium ion
Strong Acids and Bases
concentration to the pH scale.
Chemistry Titrations
Acid-Base Equilibrium
Chapter 18 Section 3-4
pH and pOH Calculations
Ch. 4d - I can perform titrations in a
Strong Acids and Bases
laboratory setting using indicators.
Chemistry Titrations
Acid-Base Equilibrium

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Equilibrium Practice
Standard Ch. 3f
Directions: Write an equilibrium constant expression for the following reactions:
1. 2 SO2 + O2 ↔ 2 SO3 6. 2 NO + O2 ↔ 2 NO2

2. 2 CO + O2 ↔ 2 CO2 7. AgCl (s) ↔ Ag+ + Cl-

3. N2 + 3 H2 ↔ 2 NH3 8. PbI2 (s) ↔Pb+2 + 2 I-

4. H2 + Cl2 ↔ 2 HCl 9. Bi2S3 (s) ↔ 2 Bi+3 + 3 S-2

5. 2 N2 + O2 ↔ 2 N2O 10. Ca3(PO4)2 (s) ↔ 3 Ca+2 + 2 PO4-2

Directions: In each of the following, determine the unknown quantity from the information
given. The number in parentheses refers to the corresponding reaction in Part I to which you
should refer.
1. Find Keq if [SO2] = 1.0; [O2] = 1.0; [SO3] = 2.0 (1)

2. Find Keq if [CO] = 05; [O2] = 0.5; [CO2] = 2.5 (2)

3. Find Keq of [H2] = 2.0 × 10-3; [Cl2] = 2.5 × 10-2; [HCl] = 1.5 × 10-3 (4)

4. Find Ksp if the solubility of silver chloride is 4.3 × 10-6 M (7)

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5. Find [Pb+2] if Ksp for PbI2 is 7.5 × 10-9 (8)

Directions: Solve each of the following problems involving equilibria.

1. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction, 2A + B ↔ 3C + D, where
molar concentrations are A = 3; B = 2; C = 2; and D = 4.

2. The equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction A + B ↔ 2C is 50. After mixing equimolar
quantities of A and B, the equilibrium concentration of C is found to be 050. What are the
concentrations of A and B at equilibrium?

3. For the reaction H2 + I2 ↔ 2HI, what is the equilibrium constant if the following
concentrations of substances are observed at equilibrium?
[H2] = 5.62M [HI] = 7.89M [I2] = 0.130

4. Hydrogen and carbon disulfide react to form methane and hydrogen sulfide. Calculate the
Keq if the equilibrium concentrations are:
[H2] = 0.205M [CS2] = 0.0604M [H2S] = 0.0392M

5. Acetic acid dissociates in water. If Keq = 1.80 × 10-5 and the equilibrium concentrations
of acetic acid is 0.09986M, what is the concentration of H+ (aq) and C2H3O2-1 ?

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Name ________________________________________ Block _______ Due Date __________

Le Chatelier’s Principle
Standard Ch. 3f
1. For the following reaction:
5CO (g) + I2O5 (s) ↔ I2 (g) + 5CO2 (g) ΔHºrxn = -1175
For each change listed, predict whether the equilibrium shift will favor the forward or reverse
reaction.
Change Direction of Shift
a. Increase Temperature

b. Addition of I2O5 (s)

c. Removal of I2 (g)

2. For the following reaction:

Ni (s) + 4CO (g) ↔ Ni(CO)4 (g)
For each change listed, predict whether the equilibrium shift will favor the forward or reverse
reaction.
Change Direction of Shift
a.
Addition of Ni (s)
b.
Increase Temperature
c.
Addition of CO (g)
d.
Removal of Ni(CO)4 (g)
e.
Decrease Volume

3. The following reaction is at equilibrium:

____ CO2 (g) + ____ H2 (g) ↔ ____ CO (g) + ____ H2O (g)
a. More CO2 is added to the system, which direction will the reaction shift?

b. CO is removed, which direction will the reaction shift?

c. What effect would adding a catalyst have on the equilibrium?

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d. How is the reaction shifted when an inert gas is added to raise the pressure?

4. How does the equilibrium shift when PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
a. the concentration of PCl3 is increased at constant temperature and pressure?

b. the pressure is decreased?

c. the concentration of Cl2 is decreased?

5. For the following equilibria, explain how the given stress affects the equilibrium:
a. N2 (g) + O2 (g) ↔ 2 NO (g) Increase in pressure

b. 2 SO3 (g) + HEAT ↔ 2 SO2 + O2 Increase in temperature

c. 2 SO3 (g) + HEAT ↔ 2 SO2 + O2 Increase in pressure

d. CaCO3(s) ↔ CaO (s) + CO2 (g) Removal of CO2

General Chemical Equilibrium Conclusion Questions

Standard Ch. 3f, 3f – Curriculum Extension
1. The equilibrium constant, Kp for the following reaction is 11.5 at 300ºC when the
amounts of reactant and product are given in atmospheres. Suppose a tank initially
contains PCl5 with a pressure of 3.00 atm:
PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
a. What is the partial pressure of chlorine gas once the equilibrium has been
established?

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Name ________________________________________ Block _______ Due Date __________

2. An aqueous solution of ethanol and acetic acid, each with a concentration of 0.810M, is
heated to 125ºC. At equilibrium, the ethyl acetate concentration is 0.645M.
a. Calculate K at 125ºC for the reaction:
C2H5OH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ↔ H2O (l) + CH3CO2C2H5 (aq)

3. Ammonium hydrogen sulfide decomposes upon heating:

NH4HS (s) ↔ H2S (g) + NH3 (g)
a. If Kp is 0.11 at 25ºC with the partial pressures expressed in atmospheres, what is
the total pressure in the flask at equilibrium?

4. The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of iodine molecules to iodine atoms is
3.76 × 10-3 at 1000 K.
I2 (g) ↔ 2 I (g)
a. Suppose 1.50 moles of I2 is placed in a 15.5 L flask at 1000 K. What are the
concentrations of I and I2 when the system comes to equilibrium?

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Name ________________________________________ Block _______ Due Date __________

What Do You Mean, “It Is Soluble After All?”

Standard Ch. 3f, 3f – Curriculum Extension
1. In a saturated solution of Ag2C2O4, the concentration of silver ion is 2.1 × 10-4 M. From
this information, calculate the solubility product constant, Ksp of Ag2C2O4.

2. What amount of chloride ion must be excessed before silver chloride will precipitate out
of a solution in which the concentration of silver ion is 2.7 × 10-5 M? Ksp for AgCl is
1.8 × 10-10.

3. Given that Ksp for Ca3(PO4)2 is 1.3 × 10-32 at 25ºC, what are the molar concentrations of
Ca+2 and PO4-3 in a saturated solution at 25ºC?

4. The solubility product of PbCl2 at 25ºC is 1.6 × 10-5. If [Cl-1] = 4.7 × 10-3, what is the
concentration of lead ion in equilibrium with the chloride ion at 25ºC?

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Name ________________________________________ Block _______ Due Date __________

pH and pOH Calculations

Standard Ch. 4d
Directions: Fill in the following table. Attach your work to the back of your packet on a separate
sheet of paper.
pH [H3O+] pOH [OH-] Acid or Base
3.78

3.89 × 10-4 M

5.19

4.88 × 10-6 M

8.46

8.45 × 10-13 M

2.14

2.31 × 10-11 M

10.91

7.49 × 10-6 M

9.94

2.57 × 10-8 M

4.16

1.06 × 10-1 M

3.82

8.53 × 10-7 M

7.05

4.73 × 10-10 M

1.33

9.87 × 10-3 M

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Name ________________________________________ Block _______ Due Date __________

Strong Acids and Bases

Standard Ch. 4d
1. Calculate the pH of a solution with [H+] = 5 × 10-5 M

2. Calculate the pH of a 0.01M solution of HCl.

3. Calculate the pH of a 7.5 × 10-6 M solution of Mg(OH)2.

4. Find [OH-1] of a solution with a pH of 8.

5. A 1.0 L solution of HCl has a pH of 1. How many liters of distilled water must be used to
change the pH to 2?

6. 6.0 grams of LiOH is added to water to make 500 mL of solution, What is the pH?

7. Calculate the pH of a 0.05M solution of NaOH.

Chemistry Titrations
Standard Ch. 4d
1. 42.3 mL of a 0.285M HCl were used to titrate a NaOH solution having a concentration of
0714M. What volume of base was needed?

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2. 81.7 mL of a 1.34M HNO3 were used to titrate 56.3 mL of a LiOH solution. Find the
concentration of the lithium hydroxide.

3. 63.9 mL of a 0.560M sulfuric acid was completely neutralized by 28.3 mL of a potassium

hydroxide solution. What was the concentration of the potassium hydroxide?

4. 0.472M sulfuric acid was used to titrate a 0.388M solution of barium hydroxide solution.
The initial volume reading on the acid buret was 34.42 mL and the final reading was
41.90 mL. If the initial reading on the base buret was 63.25 mL, what was the final
reading on the base?

5. 71.1 mL of a 0.695M rubidium hydroxide solution neutralized 89.7 mL of a sulfuric acid

solution of an unknown concentration. Find the concentration of the acid.

Acid-Base Equilibrium
Standard Ch. 3f – Curriculum Extension, 4d
1. A dilute solution of household ammonia contains 0.3214 moles of NH3 per liter of
solution. The Kb of ammonia is 1.8 × 10-5 at 25ºC.
a. Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration of the solution at 25ºC.

b. Calculate the pH of the solution.

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2. Formic acid is the irritant that causes the body’s reaction to an ant bite. It has a Ka value
of 1.80 × 10-4 at 25ºC.
a. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in a 0.575M solution of formic acid.

3. Monochloroacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a skin irritant that is used in ‘chemical peels’

intended to remove the top layer of dead skin from the face and ultimately improve the
complexion. The value of the Ka for monochloroacetic acid is 1.35 × 10-3.
a. Calculate the pH of a 0.25M solution of monochloroacetic acid.

4. Codeine (C18H21NO3) is a derivative of morphine that is used as an analgesic, narcotic or

antitussive. It was once commonly used in cough syrups but it is now available only by
prescription because of its addictive properties.
a. If the pH of a 6.3 × 10-3 M solution of codeine is 9.83 at 25ºC, calculate the [H+]
of the solution.

b. Calculate the Kb at 25ºC.

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Study Guide
Standard Ch. 3f, 3f – Curriculum Extension, 4d
1. Label which things are the reactants and which are the products on the diagram below.

Concentration

2. For the following question, use this reaction to answer your questions.
Solid magnesium reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen gas and a salt
solution.
A. Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

B. Write the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction.

C. If [Mg] = 6.0 M and [HCl] = 2.0 M and [H2] = 4.0 M and [MgCl2] = 2.0 M, what is
the Keq?

D. Which way would equilibrium shift if more acid was added?

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E. Which way would equilibrium shift if some of the gas was removed?

3. Draw a general titration curve for a strong base being added to a strong acid. Be sure to
label your axes as well as the equivalence point.

A. What is the pH at the equivalence point when you titrate a strong acid and a strong
base?

B. Assume this titration is being done with nitric acid and potassium hydroxide and that
phenolphthalein is being used as an indicator. If you begin with 54.3 mL of nitric acid
in your flask, find the concentration of the nitric acid if it requires 78.6 mL of 0.22 M
potassium hydroxide to turn the solution a faint shade of pink.

C. Determine the acid dissociation constant, Ka for the nitric acid.

D. Describe why it is very important to begin with a completely dry beaker when you do
a titration.

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