Brief on Radio Spectrum Health Hazards with necessary facts / guidelines

Radio waves and microwaves are forms of electromagnetic energy that are collectively described by the term
"radiofrequency" or "RF." Radiofrequency ranges from 9 KHz to 3000GHz. Radiation is defined as the propagation of
energy through space in the form of waves or particles. Electromagnetic "radiation" can best be described as waves
of electric and magnetic energy moving together (i.e., radiating) through space. There are two types of radiation on
the basis of Ionization characteristics:
Ionizing Radiation - Radiation that is capable of ionizing atoms and breaking chemical bonds. e.g. X-rays, gamma
rays.
Non-Ionizing Radiation - Radiation which is incapable of ionizing atoms and molecules such as RF waves.
It has been known for many years that exposure to high levels of RF radiation can be harmful due to the ability of RF
energy to heat biological tissue rapidly. This is the principle by which microwave ovens cook food, and exposure to
very high RF power densities, i.e., of the order of 100mW/cm2 or more, can clearly result in heating of biological
tissue and an increase in body temperature.
Keeping this in view, the Ministry of Information Technology, Pakistan has adopted the International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines for public and professional exposure to radiation. These
guidelines define the maximum permissible exposure in terms of Electric and magnetic field strengths and other
technical parameters for different frequency ranges.

https://www.pta.gov.pk/media/RF%20Radiation-PTA-1%202.pdf

http://www.fab.gov.pk/images/pdf/pakistantable.pdf

https://iclg.com/practice-areas/telecoms-media-and-internet-laws-and-regulations/pakistan

https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/industry-support/home/wireless/spectrum-allocation

Frequencies used by various telecom services in Pakistan

Currently assigned mobile cellular spectrum and deployed technologies in Pakistan are shown
in Appendix A, together with the international allocation of particular bands to different mobile
cellular technologies. - 3.6 GHz, 3.6 - 3.8 GHz,10.15 - 10.3 & 10.5 - 10.65 GHz. Bands between
24.5 and 29.5 GHz are also used.Jan 28, 2004
https://www.frequencycheck.com/countries/pakistan

What are EM Radiation Health Hazards & Protective Measures?

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ionizing-radiation-health-effects-and-protective-
measures

https://www.who.int/countries/pak/en/

What are Transmit power limitation Globally & in Pakistan (For Radio Communication)

How many power plants are there in Pakistan?

Nuclear power generation contributed 5.7% to the total electricity
generation of Pakistan in 2016–17. At present, the country has five
operational nuclear power plants that have a cumulative generating capacity of 1430
MW, while two reactors are under construction. Notes: Years are fiscal (i.e. from 1 July–
30 June).

What are Transmit power limitation in pakistan

https://www.pec.org.pk/downloadables/PETSAC/PETSAC.pdf
https://www.dawn.com/news/1195871

Coverage vs repeater less distance in contrast to Tx power requirement

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-0-387-35618-1_20.pdf

https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/85004/eeffects_of_repeaters_on_mobile_net
works.pdf

https://www.geckoandfly.com/10213/wireless-router-antenna-distance-coverage-comparison/