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Sequential
Batch
Reactor
Moving Bed
Bio Reactor
H H Evaporation
O
Gas
Floating
Dissolved
Suspended
Inter Molecular
Inorganic Organic Space
Colloidal
Ionic, Na+Cl-
Non Ionic, SiO2 Sediment
Scrubbers
Airfilters (
6 Sludge
Activated Carbon
Dewatering + Drying
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic treatment
AEROBIC ANAEROBIC
100% organic carbon 100% organic carbon
O2 X O2 (no aeration)
1% 15-25%
in outlet in outlet
Why biological treatment?
Energy
Carbon
Nutrients
Carbon source
2 main sources of cell carbon for microorganisms
Carbon
source
Organic Inorganic
COD CO2
Heterotrophic Autotrophic
bacteria bacteria
Energy source
2 main sources of energy (chemical reaction)
Energy
source
Heterotrophic Autotrophic
bacteria bacteria
COD NH4
oxidation oxidation
Nutrients
Nutrients are essential for cell synthesis and growth.
They can be lacking in industrial wastewaters. Their addition is then
required for proper treatment.
• Nitrogen, Phosphorous
Protozoa
Biological reactor
= Complex
ecosystem
Fungi &
Rotifers
Algae
Biological treatment process
Membrane
Bio Reactor
Sewage Treatment
expectations
ASSUMPTIONS EXPECTATIONS
DISINFECTION DISPOSAL
RECYCLE
TREATMENT STAGES
PRIMARY TREATMENT – UNITS & ITS ROLE
COARSE SCREENS To trap floating material from sewage, designed on the basis of velocity of sewage
RECEIVING SUMP To facilitate the sewage pumps, designed for 10-15 minutes retention at peak flow
RAW SEWAGE PUMPS For transferring sewage from sump to above ground unit designed for peak flow conditions
STILLING CHAMBER To eliminate pressure for reduction of velocity of pumped sewage, volume is normally of 1 minute
retention at peak flow
FINE SCREENS Provided after stilling chambers to trap fine floating material from sewage pumped by the pumps.
PRIMARY TREATMENT – UNITS & ITS ROLE
GRIT CHAMBER For removal of grits presents in the sewage, designed on the basis of overflow rate.
OIL & GREASE REMOVAL It is necessary to remove free floating oil & grease from sewage before biological reaction as it
creates layer over media and surface of sewage which reduces oxygen transfer efficiency and surface
of media for bacteria. Location of this chamber is subject to the scheme which we consider.
EQUALISATION TANK To dampen the effluent flow variation and to ensure desired treatment efficiency of the down line
system, air is provided in this tank to keep sewage in mixed form to obtain homogeneous
characteristic. Designed on peak factor and duration of sewage generation
SECOND STAGE PUMPING For transferring of sewage from Equalisation tank to process rector at average flow
SECONDARY TREATMENT
MBBR PROCESS In MBBR, two reactors are provided in series to achieved desired treatment efficiency.
TUBE SETTLER It is clarifier with PVC tubes, which are provided to increase settling velocity of sludge. It is provided
to separate sludge produced during bio-degradation from treated sewage.
SBR PROCESS In SBR technology single tank is used and sewage is pumped in batches to the tank and sludge is also
removed from same tank during settling process.
DISINFECTION
CHLORINATION Treated sewage need to be disinfected to kill the pathogens / E-Coli coliforms before disposal or before
feeding to the tertiary treatment plant
Sewage coming out from Tube settler / Decanted from SBR is collected in RCC tank, where chlorine in
the form of Sodium Hypo Chlorite is dosed @ 3-4 mg/l, to achieved desired results.
From this tank the treated sewage can be disposed of in surface water bodies or can be pumped to
tertiary treatment unit, if required.
ULTRAVOILET LIGHTS This is an option available as replacement of Chlorination but drawback is regeneration of bacteria if
water will be stagnant as not having any residual things like in chlorine
DUAL MEDIA FILTER It is used to reduce level of suspended solids present in the treated sewage.
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER It removes color and odour from the sewage
NEXT LEVEL TREATMENT ULTRAFILTERATION – For reuse treated sewage in toilet flushing, cooling tower makeup, MT
wash or equivalent secondary applications.
TREATED WATER TANK Maximum of 4 hour retention can be considered, beyond that aeration and chlorination should
be considered.
SLUDGE MANAGEMENT – STORAGE & DEWATERING
SLUDGE HOLDING TANK Digested sludge coming out from bottom of the tube settler is collected in this tack to facilitate the
pumps in case mechanical dewatering unit considered for dewatering of sludge.
SLUDGE THICKENER In higher capacity plant to reduce the sludge volume its thickened from 1% concentration to 3%
solid concentration by sludge thickener, it alos reduced the size of dewatering equipment
SLUDGE DRYING BEDS In small capacity plant, this is ideal solution for sludge dewatering through percolation and
evaporation. In this case Sludge Holding tank is not required
MECHANICAL - For moderate capacity plant filter press can be considered, however the operation of filter press is
FILTER PRESS tedious.
CENTRIFUGE This is used in medium and big capacity plants, operation is continuous and having good efficiency.
SUGGESTION Sludge drying beds (SDB) should also be provided for emergency . It can be for
25% of the sludge generated.
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGIES
• Stabilization Ponds
• Anaerobic Systems
• Aerobic Processes
AERATION TANK
RECYCLED SLUDGE % ?
RECYCLED SLUDGE
F/M : FOOD TO MICRO-ORGANISM RATIO
M.L.S.S. : MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS SLUDGE FOR TREATMENT /
DISPOSAL
PUMPING COST
PREFERRED TECHNOLOGIES
FOR SECONDARY TREATMENT
FLEXIBILITY
u Increase capacity by filling in
more media RELIABILITY
u Easy to create multi-stage u Simple operation
systems with specialized u No sludge bulking problems
micro-organisms Based on biofilm principle,
micro-organisms grow on the
surface plastic carriers
ROBUSTNESS
COMPACTNESS u Tolerates variations and
disturbances
u Biological conversion and
u Toxicity resistant
separation optimised separately
u Easily be installed in existing
tanks or basins
TREATMENT SCHEME – IL UPTO 2.5 m
TREATED
WATER TANK Pump
SCREW
PRESS
SLUDGE
ARBORIC
ULTURE
SUMP Pump
SCREEN
TANK
SEWAGE SUMP
AIR BLOWER
HYPO Pump
Pump
DMF
CHLORINE
ACF
TUBE ANOXIC
CONTACT cum MBBR - 2 MBBR - 1
SETTLER TANK
FILTER FEED TANK
ARBORIC Pump
TREATED
WATER TANK ULTURE
SCREW
SLUDGE PRESS
SUMP
Pump
SPECIALLY DEVELOPED
CARRIER ELEMENTS
AIR
BUBBLES
V V V V V V V V
FB FB
REACTOR-I REACTOR-II
NO SLUDGE RECYCLING
OUR SOP
SEWAGE
SEWAGE INLET
INLET
SEWAGE
AIR
Aeration system
OPERATING HOURS Ensure continuous round the clock operation of plant i.e. Blower &
Pumps (Only moving parts)
DESLUDGING Ensure Auto de-sludge valve, provided at the bottom of Tube settler, is
working properly and draining sludge as required
BACK WASH OF FILTERS Ensure daily back wash of filters for minimum one hour
CLEANING OF BAR Timely & regular removal of trapped floating material to avoid over flow
SCREENS of sewage.
The SBR
wastewater treatment process
ideal for intermittent flows
§ Fill
§ React (aerate/mix)
§ Settle
§ Decant
Fill & React Sequence
INFLUENT IN
IN HIGH
POSITION
AERATION/MIXING ON
Settle Sequence
INFLUENT OFF
AERATION OFF
Start of Decant Sequence
INFLUENT ON
AERATION/MIXING OFF
End of Decant Sequence
INFLUENT ON
IN LOW
POSITION
EFFLUENT
AERATION/MIXING OFF
SBR Components
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE -SBR
Ø Site development
Ø Building with toilet facility for operating staff & store room
Ø Water supply for operating staff & for making the solution of chemicals
Ø Area drainage