DISASTER AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

lhe ten! disatq rcfi6 ro any ssious disqnn,n of rhc tincfoning ota onxnuniry'thcr
lralc wde spread implct on hwq prop.nies and cnvmn'nenr. DNrser is a rudden acciJcnr
li, a nrtu2l.aurmphe hd.au!e.grddamadeor'o, r
'te
Exampler Thc arar flsdof2018, occmd m Kerala The mun.rary toss ro the Sde due ro
flodl has been estimared 6 be around Rs. 40,000 .rotu.

t.linitid
1 dien is o suiots tlhnptioa o.tr.ti.g ovr o rulativelt, shon petia.l aj tin. atl.dig
ttu luktunine ol a .on nit, ot a roci.t) os it tdus.s rktaspr?a.j h, on, ,t4tio|
!.onodr or ?nironnenbt tasr ,hich d..ttts thc abili!! ot the ilkdcd oa mit| t
\ni.1t b ope usinc ib oe, letut..es
the Indian sub.online.r hrs nany orc.s which a.e r!tncn,hte ro dnrners tikc
. fl&/ ir is very comon in nany p&( otrhe cornrry, csprci.lty D canea-
B"hmJouur veghtu bosrnr Healv n, o I 0.. , Jd, 1! trFn:*l...., n
r (F/rrr The lndiao Ocean isone.tlhc sx malor qctonc prone rcg,on\ otrhc
sorld.Ihc cestal sbres e nort prone ro cy.tlnes
t Dr,"Cr, - it is r najor ond significanr envnonoenkl pr.blenl rs n .tacG alt rhe
veBerarion, animl. hm.n beings erc
. Eadhct L - it 1s o"e ol thc oos de$ru.lve mtunt hazjrdr Itc impacr oa
canhquake conot bc predicted or mmsured

Cllesori6 ol pis.steB
l. Naranl Calanitia - Tnese irctude fl.ods, hurilm.s. earthqurkcs, lolo.no eruptions
.rc. They h ave upEdiclibl. inpacB inu tud in g .learh, djnraees .nd dne$es
2. Dnriron .nlol .r.ry.rcies The inctude lechnon,sjcal or indusridl tucide.ts.
Suh dvenls ac a$ociarcd wnh rhe poducrion, lsc or ransponarion oa h.zardoE

'\ Co plu.u.tge,rips Thes. inrolve sluario.s like \.r, ,lassive vioten.c. break_
dow. ol aurhority eb.
4 Podertit .,Ery.ncies It is a sirurion .t sudden onscr of conbsious d^sases.
wh1.5dr.tuph'o"ineLre&bL'.rp..,u. 15rrrlirtr a ,r. d Jdo,J.. !
Dbaster Management
Disadem cau* widesprad inrenprions in seryices tjke heatth cato, et€cficity. yater.
tinsportalion, conmunicatio.s, s
age erc such distdca(ions s.ionsly atlid rhe h.atth
.".. Jl at cluoomr rit. or tod' commun.trc! D-ar+ . Tn rr.tr tons r T.rrd.N
h i
aid hence, ther. should be ,rop$ Chslcr bdase,nenr olrns
D'$n$ mtrnag.nrunr requnes ft$u(.s md hlolves rcsa.nsibitirics tirr dcrtrn! wirh r
humanir.n.n arpccrs. ll rh. s(cpsj respo.ses and recovery mcisrr.s raken in ordd ro t.ss.n
rhe impin oldhi$crs r.
pad ol dis.$.rn.nalcn.nt

D inerhrnrSem.nr* mJrnl) conccrnedwirh rhe follo*ing.

orgrt\n:: S.nenl tn6kr unoEeadt todhts ro responrl rn any gen.ral

o.snnLiry \p.ciel qrt.k tusponss r€,-r rhar are highly specific b niture and

idonti|.lihs threab th^t d pdi t& reEion is nosr ven.rdble to

Dcfinition
Disaner managemenr rciiN ru rhe etrecti\e nu.C.h.ht of uunre, ,z4r!r.J rhar are kkcn
\n od.r to tdtzn ke .Ilect of nohnal catauiti.s ihat tead b nespcrale situartons rricr
r .nous c r1a.rn1cs suc h as eanh qoakes. fioods. landsl ide. Nnamh er..

Netd for Dis.n{ lunn,o.n€nr

2) D^,slerprw.red.ess helps !o hedle siturions prcperty
b) Nlitigdion olctlccN 1s possibl. rhroqh disaster managemcnr
c) Rescue operarions can be done imm.dmrety underdis,srerlranagcoe0r
d) Reli.fopeEtionsqlu be efiecrile rkough disasrer mrMgemenr
.) Rehabiftarionof alIe$dpeoplecanbe m.de iDmedrrety

Elern.nls or DisNlrr Man.qh.nt

I Disrsrcr pruvetriion: Ti. risk of toss oftlte and damaaes can he mirjgar.d ro a
Erear
exrdr *trh proper pecauiionary ncps .nd evacuatio. plans. Eg. con$tuction of
housescanbc nvoLded in rc.s prcne to ai.lslides, eanhq&kes, toods.ir

2 Dhr er Drepxredress: Ir ftteE to rhose adiviries which are desiAn.d ro minimise

lo$ of lile and damages !o ptupdies. For eranple, kee?ing forces p;ep&cd and alen,
carrying oft fasr r.scne opmrioB erc

:1. Dislshr rcliet Proliding tinely ftllel ro tho vicrims ot

reqrne\ fte h.lp of many rgenci.s and organnarions tike
voluntary rs.c ia I ions crc.

1 Dis$ter ru.ovrr_a: \llen rhe iniri{t cisis is ov.r, ir is .$.nrial ro

rccovery progEnmes h includ.s rebuilding intnsrructure,

Dirastor Manrsemenr in ltrdit

r' l^ hd\n. ie Minisn! of Eoh,,t fai6 (MHA) is mdared to loqk aner rn.
mi(ds ro loss oi hman lite & property due b a| natu,al & man_nddc
'elating
col.ftn'es lhe Disdsk ,rd,ags-d,, fD,l,.) Diyisim is rhe n.dd djvist.d ,i
 NillA br disa(er ftdrgencnr Somr nt th? nrn, rcsoorribihi.s nt the Di^r.
,V"d.qe,e,r Dvnro, ar€ as follous
a) hrly *dm,ng srsr.ms
b' { uu'di,r'rg $.rl
.r Po{-disrscrrehabilihrionand.onnrudotr
d) Operrtion olconaol roomsindlnurnon replnr
o ResouccnDbilizr6n lordrri.rr.l'.f Irv]rN
f) S.cunda i.remdtional cooperalion in d'$ner m.nrgemenl
s, llrndlins Jll d(.JTm'{mL!. anl b...l.e n ....!
7 Oovemmcnt oa I.dia .nacted ll€ Ndtio,ol Disaee/ Ma,cg.nent Act 2005,
which prDvidcd a leg"1,z, i,rhr,rio,,1/idder,r,* .r nrrionat, shre rnd d6rrr
levels lor rhe cEation of specialized .lisaier mnnigenenr in$nurons Some ot
dc ihn nons created at Nanoaal lsel zt.

NIDNI (Natio.al lnstituieolDisan i!tan.-!mrcn0

NDyA (Nahoml Disaner rlanxgemenr {urhonrr)
\DRI (National Dis6i.r Response For!c)
Somc of the in$ihrions re.te,l ar ,trare /cyc7 a..

. SDlll-A (Slare Disa$.r Mrnagemcnr Adlntu] I

r sEC (Sete Ex.curiv. cotuhinee)
Di sas.r lvl anaBem..r Ac I 200 5 sa_vs thd dnai manJgenrnr iscon.cmed wirh the

a) MniB ionorrcductionof riskof rny disli*or r\ev.rir)..consqucn.es

h) I,rep,redne$ to dc.l hrh aoydisailer
c) Prodpr respo.s. to any thcare.ing dis.r.rsilulion
d) A$.$ing the severiiy or@glitude ofrh..ffccrs ofrny dnar.r
e) Ev ac Darion. rscue ."d .el ief
I RehabiliErim andEconcshxrron

/ The Nutio.rl policJ o. Disrster ltr.rgrncnl 2009 *as npproved by rhc

Covemne.t in Nov.nbcr2009 Ii lays dosn poticies on every aspecr otholisri.
lm.gement ofdisrsrcb in rhe coutry tr *ij opprovdd by th. rLnion clbiner ot
lndia hrh an aih ro minimise rhc tos* ro tir.s Md Dropert).. cduscd by nanmt
or han,mad. dsa$.6

Maior Disast$s - floods. Earthotraker !clone and Lrndslide

(z
 , , -*" *' *"1:ll ::::.:';i'.';:li:
"l.n "*,. "" ','"
l:,ilfi ":;::;ff F;"":'diversitv
-]:: ::: :1,::':::;:i'",,,.,1'
a'c human communres
i'.:l::'-"*,i::';F''-''ar
",..*-'"",*"-N'e\**'l*'.
rnd landtlid"-
;;;:*- ":'i::'-iill"l';?"'.'i.1i
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-
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Dtlst.r 6d Drlstcr 6\r"t'---'

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- ^..^,.,,.-,..--" ..'

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, :iJ:r;;l:;.-"."\',. ',.-' " ' ::,l'"

I '-- '-.^
*. -..* "., t'"re hrde dr & h "nl''
",-l;"", ;:,::" :.:t\ ;:'I1.,;lr. l
u."-'' __-'
-""'"'-"!'' "'*"11 l'::::::'Jl:::".::
^o",. -" '"! 'a""ec'e'r o "
:",;"^",,'"'" "="- t:iil:::::.::..
rt5P . ., " '
...,-.".,"' ,' P.driDr efee*fnc$'
a"'"1'
-r". . r.','" '* 'tP-' 'r cvclo!' dd l'!&ride'
,o-..'.-a"--t' n*ur' 'r+qu'k'' dcasrer
luord
denrcd .n the French
The re,m dLsrster s
a bad ar evil star A di r,ie, Lg rhJr suttde..rtantrt,
meding 'r miser es ohumannv Naruraldisisrec
!h,ch hrnEc m'sln une Jnd riure some Jr BtnroBr trl
and sudden rn 1
,r. alwavs sevcrc rs e'.lrnJ s.!n' a e mdL'
e'upt
i.aarqu"rr. r""ast'ac" "t'a"'t'"'l't'
i,u. no.a., a.u.snt'. "Yaon''
 Generally speakina, flood Gdenned as a situarion wh'n the 'ive'
ouernows its banks .nd th. woter spreads in ihe sr.roundrna areas
sxbmeraing thcm It usually occurs during rainv scasons when a
parricular do. rec.ives hdaw reinfall the .xcess rali later runs
throu8h num€.ous chan.ls or tnbutarles/ brmchcs uhn:h Led rh'
man .iver. th.rcby. inftasina th. voLxm€ of rhe nver warer The floods
cause for heara d'ma3. !o humd life rnd p.op.riies, 'lants and
aninals To minimize the loss due to Ilood the lolownrg mcasur'es

Prorision ol Forecast md vmine 10 the public'

Educar. the public about the n.cessary st.ps requi'ed
r' te
rake. io fac. su.h challenges
Valuable it.ms includngfood, clothes md oedicines ei"'e
b b. shifted in advance to sate pla.e
covernmentand Ncos shouLd assist the pubh. bv Providinq
h*1th s.N,ce, dis,ster reliel td reliefetc
EId.rly people and children are requiled to he eva'uar'd t'
sare place on edergencY basis

FLood mana8€melt should be vid.d in a broader Persp'ctive

Iorming an iniesral psi of overau vater r.sour.es development 3nd
economic d.vcloPment ofthe f.as

Ea hquakes are hemors which a.e produ.ed bv the passagc ol

eibrarory waves throush the rocks ofrhe esdh Thev are on' of nost
dtugerous and destructive natural hzards Man has alwavs fear"l
eanhqua}es sin.e the amount of dme€e done bv .althquakes to th'
Ue oI nan md property .d be devastatina The Possible precautionr]
measur.s du.ins tremor ar. as below:'

People should.ome out oltheir houses and stsv in thc open

r r ihe trcmo.s subside
 Thos. $ho are ourside ihen ar r'nain ther' or st'v awav
'/
ji. n! " ,' e,.'mn' n,.J,tl Jd\ i
the .ornerc or near rhe \ualLs shoul' noi
'Ieat"haos 'nd
remain asay from hdary obrcdt
parkvehicle
Thosvho de in drirlnslehi'le sh'uld stop and
ends'
on th. load srdc and waii bll the vrbrabon
id
Nrer nemorends n is the soclal oLligation olev€ry'ii"'n
roi'o!'nP
hrlp '\osr un, ndJ hdL" urr' rd I'_
nru"Ps
response ro the evcnt is sugsested:
e_d C'occ oli''
rh. Doli." con o' room. !"' on' ol rooa'
Nco',n Lhe area should be Lmm'dLstclv
'nrormed
aid .nd medical assistance to th.
R.scue rd P.ovide lirsi
aftecied and iniured P.ople.
,/ Reliel canp mav be alime'd either br- the
govcdmen! or
so.ral groups tor the peopl' $lrose houses de
damaged

)
p(ssurt
A.yclone is s rea ollowpressuE in the 'nire and high
outside is a poserful srarling storms ihat measures lrom 3oo t0
p'rhour
sookm indiam.rerand thewind blow aisp'ed ol12o kms
life and propedv' k
Sincethe cyclone rr€ responslble r_or heaW loss of
odag€ ihis disasrer the communitv should prepar' 5 continsencv
a.tio;phn,irh the help ar.xpe'ts and sovernmetrt' The followins
actions a.e very ess.nral to face su'h tvpe of narural
hazrds:
safe sh'liers
'/ Idenlilication of saJe bullding in vour a'ea for bv rh'
tolecasting and war'ina
'/ List.ning of whether
relEble aBencies
respo.sible and
'/ On rh. .oastal a.eas, 1v@ins should b. senfto the fBhemd

,/ C.earinc awa.eness and givinE inlomation mong lh€ das*s

'/ Slorage adequate quaniiq 5I f.od nems'

 of .merge..e phonc.omnuni.arion
r.r reliefand rehabihation to afie.ted peoples

)
Landslides reler rapid ilosn sloPe novcment orsorlor
rocks In
ihis phenomenon of mass s'asting, seological $are':ls ar' moved
and riler
dovnslope trom one Place to anoth'r For insbnce' er'sion
iransport of..dlments are loms ol ar;is 'asling Thrs resuliinar
novement is usualty slov and slrPtrL. rut sofr' slope
pro'ess's su'h
as rock slid.s, aeelsch.s dd l d slid'
can be s{ift end dans'rous

Huma! activiti.s .uch as (oad construction loresr clea'ing

incr'ase borh
agnculturd Nlrilations on st€ep an unsrable slopes
;e rrequ.ncy dil th. ddases done bv the landsldei Besidc ihe
in constru'ii'n olhous's
Bno.d.€ of p.oplc about the possible risk (o propedv
et unsiable a hilsid. is one of ih' mrn reas'n for loss
and lif. To ovcrcome this krnd ol probl'ms the g'vef,meni
should
p'ov,o_ n.crssary Suroar'. dnd ds{''"a "o'h_ pPoDt' re "d'ng rn

v/ Peopl. should be Provided vith snitable and ideal place ro

ardge th.ir shelter io avoid mv probtems
r' Conshcdon of buildi4 In hillv and mounhi' region should
b. peditted with sti.r r€gulation
Acriwities n*. nininBofocks, cxta.tion olmineral3 etc ar'
'/
io he siri.dy regulated.
r' Prop€r m.inienance a.d lsnd slide preventive deasrrr's re

r' use of geo rdiles etc mav rcskict th€ Ldnd sincs
Prop.r dainage svst.ms tue ro be provided {hile orkina
'/
/ water shedding should rct b. allowed in sucn s'nsrhve and