Coordinates: 48°42′N 44°31′E

Volgograd
Volgograd (UK: /ˈvɒlɡəɡræd, ˈvɒlɡoʊ-/, US: /ˈvɒlɡə-, ˈvoʊlɡə-/;[11][12]
Russian: Волгогра́д, IPA: [vəɫɡɐˈɡrat] ( listen)), formerly Tsaritsyn (Russian:
Volgograd
Волгоград
Цари́ цын ), 1589–1925, and Stalingrad (/ˈstɑːlɪnɡræd, ˈstæl-, -ɡrɑːd/;[11][12]
Russian: Сталингра́д ), 1925–1961, is an industrial city and the administrative City[1]
centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia.[13] The city lies on the western bank of the
Volga River.

The Battle of Stalingrad in World War II was one of the largest and bloodiest
battles in the history of warfare. Known locally as the "Hero City", it is home to
The Motherland Calls, an 85 meter statue dedicated to the heroes of the battle.
The city also has many tourist attractions, such as museums, sandy beaches, and
a self-propelled floating church. Its population was 1,021,215 at the 2010
Census, growing from 1,011,417 in the 2002 Census.

Contents
History
Tsaritsyn
Stalingrad
Volgograd
Terrorist attacks Counterclockwise: The Motherland Calls
on Mamayev Kurgan, the railway station,
Politics Planetarium, The Metrotram, Panorama of
Administrative and municipal status the City, Gerhardt Mill
Economy
Transport
Climate
Culture and recreation Coat of arms
Flag
Education
Anthem: none[3]
Sports
Location of Volgograd
Notable people
International relations
References
Notes
Sources
Bibliography
External links

History

Tsaritsyn Volgograd
Although the city may have originated in 1555, documented evidence of
Tsaritsyn at the confluence of the Tsaritsa and Volga rivers dates only from
1589.[4] Grigori Zasekin established the fortress Sary Su (the local Tatar- Location of Volgograd
language name means "yellow water" or "yellow river") as part of the defences
 of the unstable southern border of the Tsardom
of Russia. The structure stood slightly above the
mouth of the Tsaritsa River on the right bank. It
soon became the nucleus of a trading settlement.

In 1607 the fortress garrison rebelled against the

troops of Tsar Vasili Shuisky for six months. In
1608 the city acquired its first stone church, St. Volgograd
John the Baptist. At the beginning of the 17th
century, the garrison consisted of 350 to 400
people.
Coat of Arms of Tsaritsyn Volgograd (Volgograd Oblast)
In 1670 troops of Stepan Razin captured the
(1857) Coordinates: 48°42′N 44°31′E
fortress; they left after a month. In 1708 the
insurgent Cossack Kondraty Bulavin Country Russia
(died July 1708) held the fortress. In Federal subject Volgograd Oblast[2]
1717 in the Kuban pogrom, raiders from Founded 1589[4]
the Kuban under the command of the City status since the end of the
Crimean Tatar Bakhti Gerai blockaded 18th century[1]
the town and enslaved thousands in the Government
City map of Tsaritsyn (1909) area. In August 1774 Yemelyan • Body City Duma[5]
Pugachev unsuccessfully attempted to • Head[5] Alexander Chunakov
storm the city. Area
• Total 859 km2 (332 sq mi)
In 1691 Moscow established a customs-post at Tsaritsyn. In 1708 Tsaritsyn was
Elevation 80 m (260 ft)
assigned to the Kazan Governorate; in 1719 to the Astrakhan Governorate.
According to the census in 1720, the city had a population of 408 people. In Population (2010 Census)[6]
1773 the city became a provincial and district town. From 1779 it belonged to • Total 1,021,215
the Saratov Viceroyalty. In 1780 the city came under the newly-established • Estimate (2018)[7] 1,013,533 (-0.8%)
• Rank 12th in 2010
Saratov Governorate.
• Density 1,200/km2
(3,100/sq mi)
In the nineteenth century Tsaritsyn became
an important river-port and commercial Administrative status
centre. The population expanded rapidly, • Subordinated to city of oblast
significance of
increasing from fewer than 3,000 people in
Volgograd[2]
1807 to about 84,000 in 1900. The first • Capital of Volgograd Oblast[2],
railway reached the town in 1862. The first city of oblast
theatre opened in 1872, the first cinema in significance of
1907. In 1913 Tsaritsyn got its first tram- Volgograd[2]
General Pyotr Wrangel in line, and the city's first electric lights were Municipal status
Tsaritsyn, 15 October 1919 installed in the city centre. • Urban okrug Volgograd Urban
Okrug[8]
During the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923, • Capital of Volgograd Urban
Tsaritsyn came under Soviet control from November 1917. In 1918 White troops Okrug[8]
under the Ataman of the Don Cossack Host, Pyotr Krasnov, besieged Tsaritsyn. Time zone UTC+4 (MSK+1 [9])
The Reds repulsed three assaults by the Whites. However, in June 1919 the Postal code(s)[10] 400000–400002,
White Armed Forces of South Russia under the command of General Denikin 400005–400012,
captured Tsaritsyn, which they held until January 1920. The fighting from July 400015–400017,
1918 to January 1920 became known as the Battle for Tsaritsyn. 400019–400023,
400026, 400029,
400031–400034,
400036, 400038–
Stalingrad 400040, 400042,
The city was renamed Stalingrad, in honour of Joseph Stalin on April 10, 400046, 400048–
1925.[14][15] This was officially to recognise the city and Stalin's role in its 400055, 400057–
400059, 400062–
defence against the Whites between 1918 and 1920.[16] In 1931, the German 400067, 400069,
settlement-colony Old Sarepta (founded in 1765) became a district of Stalingrad. 400071–400076,
Renamed Krasnoarmeysky Rayon (or "Red Army District"), it became the 400078–400082,
largest area of the city. 400084, 400086–
400089, 400093,
400094, 400096–
The first institute was opened in 1930. A year later, the Stalingrad Industrial 400098, 400105,
Pedagogical Institute, now Volgograd State Pedagogical University, was opened. 400107, 400108,
400110–400112,
400117, 400119–
Under Stalin, the city became a centre of heavy industry and transshipment by 400125, 400127,
rail and river. During World War II, German and Axis forces attacked the city, 400131, 400136–
and in 1942 it became the site of one of the pivotal battles of the war. The Battle 400138, 400700,
of Stalingrad had perhaps the greatest casualty figures of any single battle in the 400880, 400890,
400899, 400921–
history of warfare (estimates are between 1,250,000[17] and 1,798,619[18]).
400942, 400960–
400965, 400967,
The battle began on August 23, 1942, 400970–400979,
and on the same day, the city suffered 400990–400993
heavy aerial bombardment that reduced Dialing code(s) +7 8442
most of it to rubble. By September, the OKTMO ID 18701000001
fighting reached the city centre. The
City Day Second Sunday of
fighting was of unprecedented intensity;
September[1]
the city's central railway station changed Twin towns Coventry, Ostrava,
hands thirteen times, and the Mamayev Kemi, Liège, Dijon,
Center of Stalingrad after liberation in
Kurgan (one of the highest points of the Turin, Port Said,
1943
city) was captured and recaptured eight Chennai, Hiroshima,
Reinickendorf,
times. By early November, the German
Chemnitz, Ruse, Jilin
forces controlled 90 percent of the city City, Kruševac,
and had cornered the Soviets in two Tiraspol, Płońsk,
narrow pockets, but they were unable to Sandanski, Orlando,
Olevano Romano,
eliminate the last pockets of Soviet
Cleveland, Toronto,
resistance before Soviet forces launched Chengdu, Yerevan,
a huge counterattack on November 19. İzmir, Ortona,
This led to the encirclement of the Cologne, Kiev
Volga River in Volgograd
German Sixth Army and other Axis Website www.volgadmin.ru (h
units. On January 31, 1943 the Sixth ttp://www.volgadmin.
Army's commander, Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, surrendered, and by ru)
February 2, with the elimination of straggling German troops, the Battle of
Stalingrad was over. In 1945 the Soviet Union awarded Stalingrad the title Hero City for its resistance. Great Britain's King
George VI awarded the citizens of Stalingrad the jewelled "Sword of Stalingrad" in recognition of their bravery.

A number of cities around the world (especially those that had suffered similar wartime devastation) established sister, friendship
and twinning links (see list below) in the spirit of solidarity or reconciliation. One of the first "sister city" projects was that
established during World War II between Stalingrad and Coventry in the United Kingdom – both suffered extensive devastation
from aerial bombardment.

Volgograd
On 10 November 1961, Nikita Khrushchev's administration changed the name of the city
to Volgograd ("Volga City") as part of his programme of de-Stalinization following
Stalin's death, as he was trying to reduce the "cult of personality". This action was and
remains somewhat controversial, given Stalingrad's importance as a symbol of resistance
during the war. During Konstantin Chernenko's brief administration in 1984, proposals
were floated to revive its historic name. There remains a strong degree of local support for City tram on Gogolya Street in 1914
a reversion but intermittent proposals have yet to be accepted by the Russian government.

On May 21, 2007, the Communist Party obtained an important success in the Volgograd mayoral election. Communist candidate
Roman Grebennikov was elected as mayor with 32.47% of the vote. Grebennikov is Russia's youngest mayor of a federal subject
administrative center.

In 2010, Russian monarchists and leaders of the Orthodox organizations demanded that the city should return to its original name
Tsaritsyn, but the authorities rejected their proposal.

On January 30, 2013, the Volgograd City Council passed a measure to use the title "Hero City Stalingrad" in city statements on
nine specific dates annually.[19][20][21] On the following dates the title "Hero City Stalingrad" can officially be used in
celebrations:
 February 2 (end of the Battle of Stalingrad),
February 23 (Defender of the Fatherland Day),
May 9 (Victory Day),
June 22 (start of Operation Barbarossa),
August 23 (start of the Battle of Stalingrad),
September 2 (Victory over Japan Day),
November 19 (start of Operation Uranus),
December 9 (Day of the Fatherland's Heroes)[19]
In addition, 50,000 people signed a petition to Vladimir Putin, asking that the city's name
be permanently changed to Stalingrad.[20] President Putin has replied that such a move Volgograd on a 1979 map
should be preceded by a local referendum and that the Russian authorities will look into
how to bring about such a referendum.[22]

Terrorist attacks
On August 24, 2004, the Volga-AviaExpress Flight 1353,[23] a Tupolev Tu-134 aircraft
flying from Moscow to Volgograd, exploded in mid-air and crashed as a result of suicide
terrorist attack. 34 passengers and 9 crew members were on board the aircraft, all of
whom died in the crash. A Siberia Airlines flight bound for Sochi that day was also
Kazan Cathedral
bombed, killing all 46 who were on board.

At approximately 2:00 p.m. on Monday 21 October 2013 Russian intelligence officers

reported a bomb carried by a female suicide bomber exploded on a passenger bus carrying
forty people while stopped at the Lesobaza bus stop.[24] Irina Gogolyeva, a spokesperson
from the Russian Emergency Situations Ministry, reported that at least five people died in
the blast and seventeen others were injured.[25] On October 22, 2013, Vladimir Markin
from Russia's investigative Committee reported that the suicide bomber had been
identified as 30-year-old Naida Asiyalova of Dagestan.[26]
Building of the Oblast Duma
On December 29, 2013, a suicide bomb attack occurred at the Volgograd railway station,
killing at least seventeen people. It is not clear how many bombers were involved or who
they were.[27] The following day a suicide bombing on a trolleybus killed at least fifteen people.[28]

Politics
In 2011, the City Duma cancelled direct election of the mayor and confirmed the position of City Manager. This was short-lived,
as in March 2012, Volgograd residents voted for relevant amendments to the city charter to reinstate the direct mayoral
elections.[29]

Administrative and municipal status

Volgograd is the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast.[30] Within the framework of
administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Volgograd
—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[2] As a municipal
division, the city of oblast significance of Volgograd is incorporated as Volgograd Urban
Okrug.[8]

Economy
Modern Volgograd remains an important industrial city. Industries include shipbuilding,
View of Voroshilovsky City District of
oil refining, steel and aluminum production, manufacture of machinery and vehicles, and
Volgograd
chemical production. The large Volgograd Hydroelectric Plant is a short distance to the
north of Volgograd.

Transport
Volgograd is a major railway junction served by the Privolzhskaya Railway. Rail links from the Volgograd railway station include
Moscow; Saratov; Astrakhan; the Donbas region of Ukraine; the Caucasus and Siberia. It stands at the east end of the Volga–Don
Canal, opened in 1952 to link the two great rivers of Southern Russia. European route E40, the longest European route connecting
Calais in France with Ridder in Kazakhstan, passes through Volgograd. The M6 highway between Moscow and the Caspian Sea
also passes through the city. The Volgograd Bridge, under construction since 1995, was inaugurated in October 2009.[31] The city
river terminal is the centre for local passenger shipping along the Volga River.

The Volgograd International Airport provides air links to major Russian cities as well as Antalya, Yerevan and Aktau.

Volgograd's public transport system includes a light rail service known as the Volgograd metrotram. Local public transport is
provided by buses, trolleybuses and trams.

The Volga River still is a very important communication channel.

Volgograd hosts one of the few floating churches in the world:[32] the floating church of Saint Vladimir of Volgograd.

Trolza-5275 low- Volgograd Volgograd

entry trolleybus International Airport metrotram

Climate
Volgograd has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa).[33] The city is only slightly warmer than Minneapolis
(both in summer and winter, but transitional seasons are almost identical) at the same time that despite being taxed "moist" is
drier than most of the climate of group D due to proximity to the Middle East and Central Asia.[34]
 Climate data for Volgograd

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high 12.3 15.9 20.5 29.2 37.2 40.1 40.9 42.7 37.8 31.0 18.5 12.3 42.7
°C (°F) (54.1) (60.6) (68.9) (84.6) (99.0) (104.2) (105.6) (108.9) (100.0) (87.8) (65.3) (54.1) (108.9)

Average −3.5 −3.3 3.3 14.5 21.4 26.6 29.3 28.1 21.3 12.7 3.4 −2.0 12.7
high °C (°F) (25.7) (26.1) (37.9) (58.1) (70.5) (79.9) (84.7) (82.6) (70.3) (54.9) (38.1) (28.4) (54.9)

Daily mean −6.3 −6.6 −0.5 9.2 15.9 21.0 23.7 22.3 15.6 8.1 0.3 −4.7 8.2
°C (°F) (20.7) (20.1) (31.1) (48.6) (60.6) (69.8) (74.7) (72.1) (60.1) (46.6) (32.5) (23.5) (46.8)

Average low −9.2 −9.9 −4.0 4.1 10.1 15.1 17.5 16.2 10.3 3.9 −2.5 −7.6 3.7
°C (°F) (15.4) (14.2) (24.8) (39.4) (50.2) (59.2) (63.5) (61.2) (50.5) (39.0) (27.5) (18.3) (38.7)

Record low −33.0 −32.5 −25.8 −12.8 −1.1 1.1 7.2 4.5 −1.5 −12.2 −25.8 −27.8 −33.0
°C (°F) (−27.4) (−26.5) (−14.4) (9.0) (30.0) (34.0) (45.0) (40.1) (29.3) (10.0) (−14.4) (−18.0) (−27.4)

Average
38 30 28 28 39 41 35 30 29 29 34 45 406
precipitation
(1.5) (1.2) (1.1) (1.1) (1.5) (1.6) (1.4) (1.2) (1.1) (1.1) (1.3) (1.8) (16.0)
mm (inches)

Average
9 7 8 12 12 12 11 8 10 11 12 11 123
rainy days

Average
20 18 11 2 0.03 0 0 0 0.1 1 9 18 79
snowy days

Average
relative 88 86 81 64 57 56 53 51 61 73 86 89 70
humidity (%)

Mean
monthly
66.1 96.9 138.4 204.2 290.8 308.4 329.3 300.2 228.9 155.8 63.6 42.5 2,225.1
sunshine
hours

Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[35]

Source #2: Weatherbase (sun only)[36]

Culture and recreation

A memorial complex commemorating the battle of Stalingrad, dominated by an immense
allegorical sculpture The Motherland Calls, was erected on the Mamayev Kurgan, the hill that
saw some of the most intense fighting during the battle. At 85 metres it is almost twice the height
of the Statue of Liberty in New York.

The Panorama Museum sited on the Volga contains artifacts from World War II. These include a
panoramic painting of the battlefield from the location of the monument on Mamayev Kurgan. A
rifle of the famous sniper Vasily Zaytsev is also on display.

The Musical Instrument Museum is a branch of the Volgograd regional Museum of local lore.

Education All Saints' Church

Higher education facilities include:

Volgograd State University

Volgograd State Technical University (former Volgograd Polytechnical
University)[37]
Volgograd State Agriculture University
Volgograd State Medical University[38]
Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Volgograd Academy of Industry
Volgograd Academy of Business Administration[39]
The Volgograd Synagogue (1911),
Volgograd State Pedagogical University
Port-Said Street

Sports
 League
Club Sport Founded Current League Stadium
Tier
Russian Professional Central
Rotor Volgograd Football 1929 2nd
Football League Stadium
Olimpia Volgograd Oblast Olimpia
Football 1989 5th
Volgograd Football Championship Stadium
Dynamo
Kaustik Aerial view of the Volgograd Arena in
Handball 1929 Handball Super League 1st Sports
Volgograd
Complex 2018
Dynamo
Dynamo Women's Handball
Handball 1929 1st Sports
Volgograd Super League
Complex
Trade
Krasny Oktyabr Unions
Basketball 2012 VTB United League 2nd
Volgograd Sports
Palace
Spartak Water Russian Water Polo
1994 1st CVVS
Volgograd Polo Championship

Volgograd was a host city to four matches of the FIFA World Cup in 2018. A new modern stadium, Volgograd Arena, was built
for this occasion on the bank of the Volga River to serve as the venue. The stadium has a seating capacity for 45,000 people,
including a press box, a VIP box and seats for people with limited mobility.

Notable people
Vasily Zaytsev, Soviet sniper and a Hero of the Soviet Union
Nikolay Davydenko, tennis player
Sasha Filippov, spy
Oleg Grebnev, handball player
Yekaterina Grigoryeva, sprinter
Larisa Ilchenko, long distance swimmer
Yelena Isinbayeva, pole vaulter
Lev Ivanov, association football manager
Yuriy Kalitvintsev, association football manager
Elem Klimov, film director
Alexey Kravtsov, jurist
Vladimir Kryuchkov, statesman
Tatyana Lebedeva, jumper
Maxim Marinin, figure skater
Maksim Opalev, sprint canoeist
Aleksandra Pakhmutova, composer
Denis Pankratov, Olympic swimmer
Evgeni Plushenko, Olympic figure skater
Yevgeny Sadovyi, Olympic swimmer
Natalia Shipilova, handball player
Yelena Slesarenko, high jumper
Yuliya Sotnikova, 400m athlete
Yulia MacLean Townsend, classical opera singer
Igor Vasilev, handball player
Oleg Veretennikov, association football player
Leonid Slutsky, football coach

International relations
Volgograd is twinned with:[40][41]
 Coventry, United Kingdom (1943)[42][43]
Ostrava, Czech Republic (1948)
Kemi, Finland (1953)
Liège, Belgium (1959)
Dijon, France (1959)
Turin, Italy (1961)[44]
Port Said, Egypt (1962)
Chennai, India (1966)
Hiroshima, Japan (1972)[45]
Cologne, Germany (1988)
Chemnitz, Germany (1988)
Cleveland, United States (1990)[46]
Toronto, Canada (1991)
Chengdu, China (1994)
Jilin, China (1994)
Yerevan, Armenia (1998)[47]
Kruševac, Serbia (1999)
Ruse, Bulgaria (2001)[48]
Huntingdon, United States (2003)
Orlando, United States (2008)
Baku, Azerbaijan (2008)[49]
Ardabil, Iran (2015)[50]

Several communities in France and Italy have streets or avenues named after Stalingrad, hence Place de
Stalingrad in Paris and the eponymous Paris Métro station of Stalingrad.

References

Notes
1. Charter of Volgograd, Preamble
2. Law #139-OD
3. Official website of Volgograd. Конкурс на создание гимна Волгограда будет проведен повторно (http://www.vol
gadmin.ru/ru/MPAuthority/News/NewsAdminText.aspx?idn=16110) (in Russian)
4. Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. 81–83. ISBN 5-7107-
7399-9.
5. Charter of Volgograd, Article 22
6. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" (http://
www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm) [2010 All-Russian Population Census,
vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian).
Federal State Statistics Service.
7. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1
января 2018 года" (http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar). Federal State Statistics
Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
8. Law #1031-OD
9. "Об исчислении времени" (http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102
148085). Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved
January 19, 2019.
10. Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов
почтовой связи (http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department) (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
11. Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
12. Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
13. В Волгограде строится самый длинный мост Европы (http://geo.1september.ru/2006/10/1.htm).
geo.1september.ru (in Russian). 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
14. Lutz-Auras, Ludmilla (2012). "Auf Stalin, Sieg Und Vaterland!": Politisierung Der Kollektiven Erinnerung an Den
Zweiten Weltkrieg in Russland (https://books.google.com/?id=t4z_r4PX0hQC&dq=stalingrad+10+april+1925) (in
German). Springer-Verlag. p. 189. ISBN 978-3658008215.
15. Mccauley, Martin (2013). Stalin and Stalinism (https://books.google.com/?id=-W3aAAAAQBAJ&dq=stalingrad+10
+april+1925) (3 ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1317863687. "10 April 1925: Tsaritsyn is renamed Stalingrad."
16. Brewer's Dictionary of 20th Century Phrase and Fable
17. Grant, R. G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat (https://books.google.com/?id=iU-p
AQAACAAJ). Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0-7566-1360-4.
18. Wagner, Margaret; et al. (2007). The Library of Congress World War II Companion (https://books.google.com/book
s?id=0bRaa7UuD6EC). Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5.
19. Decision #72/2149
20. "Russia revives Stalingrad city name" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/9839666/Russia-revives-
Stalingrad-city-name.html). The Daily Telegraph. January 31, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
21. "Stalingrad name to be revived for anniversaries" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21291674). BBC
News Online. February 1, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
22. "Putin says Russian city Volgograd can become Stalingrad again" (http://tass.com/russia/735173). TASS.
23. Kurz, Robert W.; Charles K. Bartles (2007). "Chechen suicide bombers" (http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a477
845.pdf) (PDF). Journal of Slavic Military Studies. Routledge. 20 (4): 529–547. doi:10.1080/13518040701703070
(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13518040701703070). Retrieved August 30, 2012.
24. Arkady Irshenko (October 21, 2013). "5 killed in Russia bus explosion; suicide bombing suspected" (http://www.cn
n.com/2013/10/21/world/europe/russia-bus-explosion/index.html?hpt=wo_c2). Cable News Network (CNN).
Retrieved October 21, 2013.
25. "Blast kills bus passengers in Russia" (http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/10/21/blast-on-bus-in-russiakills
atleast5.html). Al Jazeera America. October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
26. "6 dead as female suicide attacker explodes bomb on Russian bus" (http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/10/21/ex
plosion-on-russian-bus-kills-5-injures-17/). Fox News Network. October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
27. "Suicide bombing kills at least 17 in Russia's Volgograd" (https://www.rt.com/news/volgograd-blast-victims-russia-
937/). RT. December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
28. "Volgograd suicide bombing kills at least 14 (photos, graphic video)" (http://rt.com/news/russia-volgograd-trolley-bl
ast-957/). RT. December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
29. "Волгоград сдался выборам" (https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2012/04/05_a_4125905.shtml). www.gazeta.ru.
2012.
30. Europa Publications (February 26, 2004). "Southern Federal Okrug" (https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q61L0f
9r8ioC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false). The Territories of the Russian Federation
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Sources
Волгоградский городской Совет народных депутатов. Постановление №20/362 от 29 июня 2005 г. «Устав
города-героя Волгограда», в ред. Решения №32/1000 от 15 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений и
дополнений в Устав города-героя Волгограда». Вступил в силу 10 марта 2006 г. (за исключением отдельных
положений). Опубликован: "Волгоградская газета", №7, 9 марта 2006 г. (Volgograd City Council of People's
Deputies. Resolution #20/362 of June 29, 2005 Charter of the Hero City of Volgograd, as amended by the
Decision #32/1000 of July 15, 2015 On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Hero City of Volgograd.
Effective as of March 10, 2006 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
Волгоградская областная Дума. Закон №139-ОД от 7 октября 1997 г. «Об административно-
территориальном устройстве Волгоградской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОД от 10 июля 2015 г. «О
внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Волгоградской области в связи с приведением их
в соответствие с Уставом Волгоградской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования.
Опубликован: "Волгоградская правда", №207, 1 ноября 1997 г. (Volgograd Oblast Duma. Law #139-
OD of October 7, 1997 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Volgograd Oblast, as amended by the
Law #107-OD of July 10, 2015 On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Volgograd Oblast to Ensure Compliance
with the Charter of Volgograd Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
Волгоградская областная Дума. Закон №1031-ОД от 21 марта 2005 г. «О наделении города-героя
Волгограда статусом городского округа и установлении его границ», в ред. Закона №2013-ОД от 22 марта
2010 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Волгоградской области от 21 марта 2005 г. №1031-ОД "О наделении
города-героя Волгограда статусом городского округа и установлении его границ"». Вступил в силу со дня
официального опубликования (22 марта 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Волгоградская правда", №49, 22 марта
2005 г. (Volgograd Oblast Duma. Law #1031-OD of March 21, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Hero
City of Volgograd and on Establishing Its Borders, as amended by the Law #2013-OD of March 22, 2010 On
Amending the Law of Volgograd Oblast #1031-OD of March 21, 2005 "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the
Hero City of Volgograd and on Establishing Its Borders". Effective as of the day of the official publication
(March 22, 2005).).
Волгоградская городская Дума. Решение №72/2149 от 30 января 2013 г. «Об использовании наименования
"город-герой Сталинград"», в ред. Решения №9/200 от 23 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в пункт 1
Порядка использования наименования "город-герой Сталинград", определённого Решением Волгоградской
городской Думы от 30.01.2013 №72/2149 "Об использовании наименования "город-герой Сталинград"».
Вступил в силу со дня принятия. Опубликован: "Городские вести. Царицын – Сталинград – Волгоград", #10,
2 февраля 2013 г. (Volgograd City Duma. Decision #72/2149 of January 30, 2013 On Using the Name of the
"Hero City Stalingrad", as amended by the Decision #9/200 of December 23, 2013 On Amending Item 1 of the
Procedures for Usage of the Name "Hero City Stalingrad", Adopted by the January 30, 2013 Decision #72/2149 of
Volgograd City Duma "On Using the Name of the "Hero City Stalingrad". Effective as of the day of adoption.).

Bibliography
See also: Bibliography of the history of Volgograd

External links
Media related to Volgograd at Wikimedia Commons
Volgograd travel guide from Wikivoyage
Official website of Volgograd (http://www.volgadmin.ru/en/)
(in Russian) Official website of Volgograd (http://www.volgadmin.ru/)
(in Russian) Unofficial website of Volgograd (http://www.volgograd.ru/)
Volgograd tourist information (http://www.visitvolgograd.info)
Sights of Volgograd (http://www.russia-travel.ws/regions/Volgograd/)
(in German) Stalingrad – Bilder einer erbitterten Schlacht (http://www.stalingrad-stalingrad.de)
Volgograd State University (http://www.volsu.ru/)
 "Tsaritsyn" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tsaritsyn). Encyclopædia
Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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