Solar Energy

Solar energy is derived ultimately from the sun. It can be divided (1) ... direct and
indirect categories. Most energy sources on Earth are forms of indirect solar energy, (2)
... we usually don’t think of them in that way. Coal, oil and natural gas derive from
ancient biological material (3) ... took its energy from the sun millions of years ago. (4)
... the energy in wood and foodstuffs also comes (5) ... the sun.

Movement of the wind, and the evaporation of water to form rainfall which accumulates
in rivers and lakes, are also powered by the sun. (6) ..., hydroelectric power and wind
and wave power are forms of indirect solar energy. Direct solar energy is (7) ... we
usually mean when we speak of solar power – (8) ... is the use of sunlight for heating or
generating electricity. Solar energy research and applications have been receiving
increasing attention throughout the world as solar energy must play a much greater role
in the energy mix in upcoming years.

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2) 3)
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ANSWERS

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INTO
VERB + PREPOSITION DIVIDE INTO
If something divides, or if you divide it, it separates into two or more parts:
The children are divided into twelve classes according to age and ability.

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ALTHOUGH/BUT
CONJUNCTION ALTHOUGH/BUT
Used to mean 'but' when you are commenting on a statement:
I felt he was wrong, although (but) I didn't say so at the time.

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WHICH
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHICH
Used after a noun to show what thing or things you mean:
Did you see the book which came today?

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ALL
DETERMINER ALL THE
Used with uncountable nouns. The noun may have the, this, that, my, her, his, etc. in
front of it - the whole amount of:
All the mail must be answered.

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FROM
PHRASAL VERB COME FROM
To start in a particular place or be produced from a particular thing:
This wool comes from goats, not sheep.

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THEREFORE/HENCE/CONSEQUENTLY
ADVERB THEREFORE/HENCE/CONSEQUENTLY
Used to introduce the logical result of something that has just been mentioned:
He loved her. Therefore, he married her.

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WHAT
PRONOUN WHAT
The thing or things that:
These tools are just what I need for this job.

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IT
PRONOUN IT
Used to refer to a thing, animal, situation, idea etc that has already been mentioned or
is already known about:
I love the spring - it is a wonderful time of the year.

History of Dublin
More than just about any other city we know, Dublin wears its history (1) ... its sleeve.
Dubliners themselves are highly passionate scholars of their own history - and we mean
their own history. Perhaps (2) ... it continues to have (3) ... a strong bearing on modern
life, it's near impossible for (4) ... two Irish people to agree on the details of any one
historical episode.
However, they'll instantly unite against an outsider's version, and there are great
contradictions (5) ... Irish and English historical accounts of events that (6) ... place
here. Take Oliver Cromwell for example. An Irish text would describe him (7) ... an
English parliamentarian (8) ... raped, pillaged and plundered his way through Ireland - a
complete and utter bastard. If you picked up an English history book on the other hand,
you might learn that Cromwell defeated the Royalists in the English Civil War and
apparently used to holiday in Ireland.

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2) 3)
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ANSWERS

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ON
IDIOM WEAR ITS HISTORY ON ITS SLEEVE
WEAR ITS HISTORY ON ITS SLEEVE is taken from the idiom WEAR YOUR
HEART ON YOUR SLEEVE:
To show your true feelings openly: He's not one to wear his heart on his sleeve.

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BECAUSE/AS
CONJUNCTION BECAUSE/AS
Used when you are giving the reason for something:
I can't go because I'm ill.

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SUCH
DETERMINER SUCH
SUCH + NOUN or SUCH + ADJECTIVE + NOUN Used to emphasize your
description of something or someone:
He never used to have such a bad temper.

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ANY
CONJUNCTION ANY
Used to refer to a person or thing of a particular type when what you are saying is true
of all people or things of that type:
Always check the details carefully before you sign any written agreement.

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BETWEEN
NOUN + PREPOSITION CONTRADICTION BETWEEN
A lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc:
There is a contradiction between the two sets of figures.

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TOOK
PREPOSITION TAKE PLACE
To happen especially according to plan:
The meeting took place on 7 May.

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AS
VERB + PREPOSITION DESCRIBE AS
To say what something or someone is like by giving details about them:
He described her as tall and dark.

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WHO/THAT
RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO/THAT
The one that; the ones that:
The man who (that) telephoned was a friend of mine.