Sei sulla pagina 1di 6

LE CHATELIER’S PRINCIPLE

Activity No. 3

Date performed: November 22, 2019

Date submitted: December 6, 2019


I. Discussion of Theory

Le Chatelier’s Principle can be used to predict the behaviour of a system due


to changes in pressure, temperature, and concentration. Le Chatelier’s principle
implies the addition of heat to a reaction will favor endothermic direction of a
reactions this reduces the amount of heat produced in a system and states that if a
dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of
equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium. If a
chemical reaction is at equilibrium and experiences a change in pressure,
temperature, or concentration of products or reactants, the equilibrium shifts in the
opposite direction to offset the change.

II. Objectives

 To identify the factors that affect the change in chemical reactions and see
how these reactions respond
 To observe the effect of imposing different types of stress on chemical
systems at their equilibrium state
 To explain the observations seen in the experiment using the Le
Chatelier’s Principle

III. Materials and Reagents

Materials:

1. Tapered test tubes – placed in the centrifuge for experiment A

2. Test tubes – for experiment B and C

3. Test tube racks –for placing the test tubes in a secure position

4. Droppers – for collecting solutions or reagents needed in the


experiments

5. Pipette – for collecting solutions or reagents needed in the


experiments

6. Aspirator – the pressure applied to this would make the pipette


collect the solution or reagent

7. Water bottle – container for distilled water

8. Centrifuge – for separating solids and liquids using a process


called centrifugation
Reagents:

 0.1M Na3PO4
 2M NaOH
 Zn dust
 Concentrated HCl
 2M H2SO4
 0.10M Zn(NO3)2
 0.10M NaOH
 95% Ethanol
 MgSO4
 Solid NaCl
 6.0M H2C2O4
 Saturated NaCl solution
 0.05M K2CrO4
 0.1M K2CrO4
 6.0M HNO3

IV. Methodology

A.

We prepared 4 numbered 10-mL tapered test tubes and place 1.0 mL


of 0.10M Zn(NO3)2 in each test tube using a pipette. Next, we added 0.5 mL of
0.10M NaOH to each test tube. We mixed each mixture and placed it in the
centrifuge. After doing so, we removed the supernatant (the liquid). We mixed
the solids that remained in each test tube with 1.5mL of distilled water and a
drop of 0.10M NaOH. For test tube 1, we added 1 mL of water and a pinch of
Zn dust. For test tube 2, we added 1 mL of 6.0M H2C2O4. For test tube 3, we
added 1 mL of 6.0M HNO3. For test tube 4, we added 1 mL of 0.1M Na3PO4.
Lastly, we mixed each test tube thoroughly and placed it in the centrifuge.

B.

We first labelled three test tubes and placed 2 mL of saturated NaCl


solution in each test tube. For test tube 1, we added 5 drops of 98% ethanol.
For test tube 2, we added 5 drops of concentrated HCl. For test tube 3, we
added a pinch of solid NaCl and a small amount of MgSO4. After mixing it
thoroughly, we observed the changes.

C.

We first prepared and labelled 4 test tubes. For test tube 1, we placed
10 drops of 0.1M K2CrO4 and 10 drops of 2M H2SO4. For test tube 2, we
placed 10 drops of 0.1M K2CrO4 and 10 drops of 2M NaOH. For test tube 3,
we placed 10 drops of 0.05M K2CrO4 and 10 drops of 2M H2SO4. For test tube
4, we placed 10 drops of 0.05M K2CrO4 and 10 drops of 2M NaOH. Then, we
compared the color of the solutions in test tube 1 and 3 with those in test
tubes 2 and 4.

V. Set-up

VI. Data and Results

A.

Observation: A part of the mixture that contained Zn(NO3)2 and NaOH


solidified after being placed in the centrifuge. The rest of the mixture remained
liquid in the tapered test tubes.

Ionic Equation:

Test Reagent Change in Amount of Color of Shift (forward,


Tube Added Color precipitate solution backward, or no
No. shift)

1 0.10M from clear to Large murky Backward


Zn(NO3)2 and murky light amount light grey
Zn dust grey

2 0.10M from clear to Small murky Forward


Zn(NO3)2 and murky white amount white
6.0M H2C2O4

3 0.10M no change Tiny amount clear Forward


Zn(NO3)2 and
6.0M HNO3

4 0.10M from clear to No amount murky No shift


Zn(NO3)2 and murky white white
0.1M Na3PO4

B.

Test Tube Reagent Added to Observation


No. Saturated NaCl

1 98% ethanol No change


2 Concentrated HCl An area of the test tube condensed

3 Solid NaCl, MgSO4 No change; salt particles remained in the


bottom of the test tube

C.

Test Tube No. Color of Solution Color with H2SO4 Color with NaOH
(K2CrO4)

1 yellow orange --

2 yellow -- yellow

3 yellow yellow orange --

4 yellow -- light yellow

VII. Conclusion and Recommendation

Therefore, using Le Chatelier’s principle, the reactions would shift


accordingly whenever a stress is applied. Such stresses would include
change in reactants and change in concentrations. For these experiments,
change in concentrations can be observed (such as Test C) and different
results can be observed, such as the difference in color. Equilibrium can also
be disturbed by just changing reactants, such as in test A, wherein amount of
precipitates differ from each test tube.

We recommend that these experiments should be done for about two


hours to be able to properly observe the results.

VIII. Answers to Questions

A.

1.

2.
3. A(g) + 2B(g) ←→ AB2(g)+ heat

Stress Applied Equilibrium


Shift

1. Adding AB2 at constant volume Backward

2. Adding more A Forward

3. Increasing the temperature Backward

4. Removing some B Backward

5. Removing some AB2 but the removal is carried out in an open No shift
container

B.

When we added the reagents to the saturated NaCl, test tube 2 had the
most significant changes because an area of the test tube condensed when it
was mixed with concentrated HCl. Meanwhile, test tube 1 and test tube 3 had
no visible reactions. The salt particles in test tube 3 remained solid and did
not react with the saturated NaCl.

C.

1.

2.

a.

b.

IX. References (CSE)

LibreTexts. Le Chatelier’s Principle. 2019 May23 [accessed 2019Dec.2].


https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Che
mistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theore
tical_Chemistry)/Equilibria/Le_Chatelier%27s_Principle

Potrebbero piacerti anche