MikroTik IPv4 Multicast Routing

for
Video Streaming Application
Training for Trainers – Venice 2014

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

 Update : Video Demo
- multicast routing 1 router
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqUlUIB93Mg
- video multicast routing 2 router over wireless
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYEocGYsGZ4
- VLC as multicast stream server
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1lthcBSSrM
- VLC as multicast player
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2uTs8NRQpY
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Introduction
About me :

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

 Objectives
• Introduction
• Multicast Concept
• Configuration Example
• Lab Task
• Conclusion

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Situation
Company A is an ISP that want to expand their
services to deliver Video Broadcast in existing
MikroTik IP Networks.
To conserve bandwidth that flow on the
network, you as a consultant recommended
them to choose Multicast as tehcnique to
deliver the traffic.
Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Why Multicast?
IP Multicast is a technology that allows one-to-many and many-
to-many distribution of data on the Internet.
Senders send their data to a multicast IP destination address,
and receives express an interest in receiving traffic destined for
such an address. The network then figures out how to get the
data from senders to receivers.

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

MULTICAST VS UNICAST

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

PROTOCOL INDEPENDENT MULTICAST

Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM) is a family of multicast routing
protocols for Internet Protocol (IP) networks that provide one-to-many and many-to-
many distribution of data over a LAN, WAN or the Internet. It is termed protocol-
independent because PIM does not include its own topology discovery mechanism,
but instead uses routing information supplied by other routing protocols.

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

There are four variants of PIM:

• PIM Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) explicitly builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at
a rendezvous point (RP) per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source.
PIM-SM generally scales fairly well for wide-area usage.
• PIM Dense Mode (PIM-DM) uses dense multicast routing. It implicitly builds shortest-path
trees by flooding multicast traffic domain wide, and then pruning back branches of the tree
where no receivers are present. PIM-DM is straightforward to implement but generally has
poor scaling properties. The first multicast routing protocol, DVMRP used dense-mode
multicast routing.
• Bidirectional PIM explicitly builds shared bi-directional trees. It never builds a shortest path
tree, so may have longer end-to-end delays than PIM-SM, but scales well because it needs no
source-specific state
• PIM Source-Specific Multicast (PIM-SSM) builds trees that are rooted in just one source,
offering a more secure and scalable model for a limited amount of applications (mostly
broadcasting of content).
Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Multicast Addressing
For IPv4, 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Addresses within 232.0.0.0/8 are reserved for SSM usage.
Addresses in 239.0.0.0/8 are ASM (Any-source Multicast) addresses defined for varying sizes of limited scope.
Addresses within 224.0.0.0/24 are considered link-local and are forwarded between subnets.
IANA addressing for multicast :
• 224.0.0.1 - All systems on the subnet
• 224.0.0.2 - All routers on the subnet
• 224.0.0.9 - For RIPv2
• 224.0.0.14 - For VRRP
• 224.0.1.1 - Network time protocol (NTP)
• The internet assigned numbers authority (IANA) allocates ethernet addresses from 01:00:5E:00:00:00
through 01:00:5E:7F:FF:FF for multicasting, therefore leaving only 23 bits available for the multicast group
ID.

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

IGMP Proxy
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) proxy can be used to implement multicast routing. It is
forwarding IGMP frames and commonly is used when there is no need for more advanced protocol like PIM.
IGMP proxy features:
• The simplest way how to do multicast routing;
• Can be used in topologies where PIM-SM is not suitable for some reason;
• Takes slightly less resources than PIM-SM;
• Ease of configuration.
• On the other hand, IGMP proxy is not well suited for complicated multicast routing setups. Compared to
PIM based solutions, IGMP proxy does not support more than one upstream interface and routing loops
are not detected or avoided.
• MikroTik RouterOS IGMP proxy supports IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236).

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 1| Conclusion

#1: Enable Multicast on RouterOS

Multicast package is not installed by
default
Step to install multicast :
1. Go to
www.mikrotik.com/download
2. Choose your RouterOS
architecture
3. Download the All Packages (zip
file)
4. Extract it and copy multicast.npk to
RouterOS File

Use only multicast packages with same

version with your existing routeros

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 1 | Conclusion

#2 : Copy multicast package to File List

Use multicast package with the same version check

using /system resources. Then reboot your router to
finished packages installation
Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 1| Conclusion

#3: Multicast Installed

IGMP Proxy and PIM wil appear in Routing Menu

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Multicast single router

R1 :
VLC Open Network Stream :
/routing pim interface
rtp://@224.3.2.1:5005
add interface=ether3
rtp://@239.3.2.1:5004
add interface=ether4

R1
/ip address add address=192.168.3.254 interface=ether3
/ip address add address=192.168.4.254 interface=ether4

STATIC ROUTE on Multicast Sender :

>route add 224.3.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.254
>route add 239.3.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.3.254 Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

PIM Status
[admin@R1-T4T-FREZA] > routing pim interface print
Flags: X - disabled, I - inactive, D - dynamic, R - designated-router , v1 - IGMPv1, v2 - IGMPv2, v3 - IGMPv3
# INTERFACE PROTOCOLS
0 Rv2 ether3 pim igmp
1 Rv2 ether4 pim igmp
2 DR register pim

[admin@R1-T4T-FREZA] > routing pim igmp-group print

Flags: v1 - IGMPv1, v2 - IGMPv2, v3 - IGMPv3,
I - include, E - exclude, F - forward, D - don't forward
INTERFACE GROUP SOURCE TIMEOUT
v2E ether3 224.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 2m30s
v2E ether3 224.0.0.13 0.0.0.0 2m31s
v2E ether3 224.0.0.22 0.0.0.0 2m30s
v2E ether3 239.255.255.250 0.0.0.0 2m24s
v2E ether4 224.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 2m36s
v2E ether4 224.0.0.13 0.0.0.0 2m36s
v2E ether4 224.0.0.22 0.0.0.0 2m35s
v2E ether4 224.3.2.1 0.0.0.0 2m33s
v2E ether4 239.3.2.1 0.0.0.0 2m30s
v2E ether4 239.255.255.250 0.0.0.0 2m37s
Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

PIM Status

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Rendevous Point
Rendezvous point (RP) is a distribution point for multicast group, source provides its data to it, and if there are
any subscribers, then RP will provide data to client. Note, that RP will always receive data stream if that exists.

MRIB
MRIB routes are used for reverse path forwarding check. In a way, they perform opposite function that FIB
(Forwarding Information Base) routes: FIB is used to find the right By default, MRIB is populated by FIB routes.
Use "multicast" routing filter chain to control that or set specific parameters for imported FIB routes (e.g. you
can change the distance of the route). In addition, you can specify static MRIB routes.

This is useful only if you are using multihoming and multicast packet flow will be different from unicast packet
flow.

Active MRIB entries that are imported from FIB are shown with "dynamic" flag.
Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 2 | Conclusion

Multicast Routing across Router (Wifi)

R2
R1 /routing pim interfaceadd VLC Open Network Stream :
/routing pim interface add /routing pim rp
/routing pim rp rtp://@224.3.2.1:5005
add address=192.168.6.254 rtp://@239.3.2.1:5004
add address=192.168.6.254

STATIC route on Multicast sender :

route add 192.168.6.0/24 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254
route add 192.168.2.0/24 mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.254
route add 224.3.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.254
route add 239.3.2.1 mask 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.254
VLC Stream Config :
:sout=#rtp{dst=224.3.2.1,port=5005,mux=ts} :sout-all :sout-keep
:sout=#rtp{dst=239.3.2.1,port=5004,mux=ts} :sout-all :sout-keep Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com
Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 2 | Conclusion

Wifi AP Configuration
/interface wireless security-profiles
set [ find default=yes ] supplicant-identity=MikroTik
add authentication-types=wpa-psk,wpa2-psk eap-methods="" man
allowed mode=dynamic-keys name=profile1 supplicant-ident
wpa-pre-shared-key=mikrotik1234 wpa2-pre-shared-key=mikrotik
/interface wireless
set [ find default-name=wlan1 ] band=2ghz-b/g/n comment="RENDEVOUS POINT”
country=indonesia disabled=no frequency=2452 frequency-m
regulatory-domain ht-rxchains=0 ht-txchains=0 l2mtu=2290
multicast-helper=full name=wlan1-rp radio-name=951G-FREZ
security-profile=profile1 ssid=FREZA-T4T wireless-protoc
wmm-support=enabled
/interface wireless manual-tx-power-table
set wlan1-rp comment="RENDEVOUS POINT"
IMPORTANT!
/interface wireless nstreme enable multicast helper = full
set wlan1-rp comment="RENDEVOUS POINT"

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 2 | Conclusion

R1 PIM STATUS

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 2 | Conclusion

R1 PIM STATUS (2)

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task : Lab 2 | Conclusion

R1 PIM STATUS (3)

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Further Readings
http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Routing/Multicast#Rendezvous_point
http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Manual:Multicast_detailed_example
http://forum.mikrotik.com/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=34851

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com

Introduction | Multicast Concept | Configuration Example | Lab Task | Conclusion

Thank You

Faisal Reza. 2014. MikroTik Training for Trainers, Venice – Italy.

Faisal Reza. 2014 | reza@astainformatics.com