SD PROJECT REPORT

Charger with Protection Circuit

Isaac Daniel1, Bilal Nasir2, Muhammad Usman3

2018-EE-299, 22018-EE-297, 32018-EE-332

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4.Circuit Diagram

Abstract— AC to DC converter with battery protection Circuit Diagram of the Charger with Protection
circuit to charge batteries Circuit
is shown in Figure 1. It is built around
1.INTRODUCTION LM7805(U1),555 Timer(U2) and BC547(Q1).
We are living in the in the age of eletronics.All these
machines need some source of power.This power is
provided by batteries.Batteries are charged with the
aid of chargers.In todays,Mobile phone are both an
item of luxury and neccesity. Due to this fact,charger
are also a necessities.Protection circuit with the
charger provides protection to the battery from over
charging.

2.BASIC PRINCIPLE
The basic principle behind this circuit is the conversion
of AC to DC by the aid of diodes in bridge rectifier
circuit arrangement and the switching properties of both
555 Timer and Relay. Fig. 1. Circuit Diagram

3.COMPONENTS
 555 timer ic
The AC stepdown transformer decrease the main 220V
 BC547 transistors to
 7805 voltage regulator ic greater than 7V volts that after rectification by 1n4007
 12v relay diode bridge rectifier circuit and capacitor act as the
input to LM7805 provide power to the battery protection
 10K ohm resistors (1/4 watt) circuit
 470 ohm resistors (1/4 watt) The LM7805 is voltage regulator providing 5V output
 10K variable resistor with varing input voltage ranging from 7V to 25V.This
5V is used to run 555 Timer.555 Timer is used as a
 1N4007 diode switch for the circuit.The output is high when the battery
 100uf 50V capacitors (electrolytic) voltage is higher than the trigger voltage and low when
 47uf 50V capacitors (electrolytic) it is above threshold.The pin#3 of the 555 Timer is out
pin and acts as in put to the base of BC547.BC547 is
 0.1uf non-polar capacitors used as current amplifier in its common emitter
 red led configuration.The collector terminal of BC 547 is
 green led connected to relay through its normally closed
terminal.The relay serves as a switch .The 50Kvariable
 2pin terminal blocks resistor is used to set the cut off voltage for the 555
 3pin terminal block Timer and relay.

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 5.CONSTRUCTION & TESTING 6.APPLICATIONS
A single-side PCB layout for the remote control circuit is  Battery charger
shown in Fig. 2 and its component layout in Fig. 3.
After assembling the circuit on the PCB, the final
product is shown in fig 4.  Power supply for electronic appliances

7.ADVANTAGES
1. Benefits of this product are design simplicity,
robustness, and energy efficiency.
2. At home, we generally operate all the electrical and
electronics appliances such as fan, light, cooler, air
conditioner, and so on batteries which can be
damaged by over-charging.This circuit provides
charging capability and protection from over
charging.

8.PRECAUTIONS
Fig. 2. Actual-size PCB layout for charger circuit 1. Be cautious while working with transformer
because it is connectrd with 220V main
2. Make connections carefully.

References

[1] https://electronicsforyou.com
[2] https://www.elprocus.com/

Fig. 3. Component layout of the PCB

Fig 4. Complete pcb

After soldering the components on to the PCB, the
boards are thoroughly cleaned for removing any residual
flux and wire leads. All the components are checked for
their values and proper orientation if applicable. Before
ICs are inserted into the sockets, power is applied to the
board and voltages are measured at the IC power points.
Other DC voltages are also checked if possible. The
supply voltages are monitored and verified.