Report Titled

AUTOMATIC TOLL COLLECTION

SYSTEM USING IOT
Submitted
In the partial fulfillment of
the requirements of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology (Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering)
By
Mohini Bhadange
141091006
Sumaiya Tadavi
141091039
Snehal Katkar
141091041
Shweta Kale
141091043
In academic year of 2017-18
Prof. R.A.Patil
Project Guide

Electrical Department
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
Mumbai - 400019
 Contents

Sr. No. Title Pg No.

Abstract 3
1. Introduction
1.1 Project Statement 4
1.2 Purpose of the Project 4
1.3 Salient Features 5
2. Literature Survey

2.1 Evolution of Toll Collection 6

2.2 William vickrey ETC 6
2.3 Norwegian technology (Auto Pass) 6
2.4 Open Road Tolling (ORT) 7
2.5 A reviReview on automated toll collection system 7

3. Hardware Model

3.1 Engineering Block Diagram and Description 8

3.2 Hardware Modules 9
4. Software Model

4.1 Design View

13
4.2 Software Modules
14
4.3 IOT Module Working
14
5. Advantages 21
6. Limitations 21

7. Conclusion 22

8. Future Scope 23

9. References 24

2
 ABSTRACT

The use of automated toll collection system in many metropolitan

cities would be an efficient step towards the overcrowding of the city
highways in heavy congestion of traffic. As we all know, transportation is
the strength of our country’s economy. There are various implementation,
protocols in wireless sensor network such as leach-c and components such as
RFID, NFC thus enabling reduction in operation costs and motivating
cashless transactions. In case of manual toll collection system time
consumption is much far worse as well as fuel depletion and most important
is the environment, the amount of air pollution that is created at the toll
booth site is at high level, so our developed system will reduce time wastage
and not only reduce air pollution but also conserve fuel. The sole purpose of
this paper is to reduce the hardships caused by manual toll collection system
and pass the subject’s vehicle through toll barrier in a matter of few seconds
without halt.

Keywords: RFID, Arduino, Stolen vehicle, Internet of Things (IoT),

congestion, E-Wallet, Digital India

3
 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT STATEMENT

“Design and develop a Automatic toll plaza which is based On Arduino, RFID
technology and IOT to save the time at toll plaza And having cash free operation” .As
the name suggests “Automatic Toll Plaza” the key theme of our project is the automation.
So here we will just take the overlook of what is meant by Automation.
So in very simple language the Automation means to replace the human being from
the process with the machines .Means what presently the human is doing on the process
now onwards the machines are going to do.
Before moving further we will just take the overlook of history of the toll plazas.
So before the 90’s decade the toll plazas were fully manual controlled. Means there are
two people for opening & closing of the gate & another two are for reception of the
money & data keeping etc.
But in 1995 when the Expressways had been developed the semi automatic toll plazas
were launched in which data is stored in computers & gate operation is automatic, only
two personals are required for single booth. But here we are going to see the human less
toll plaza.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Each and every day more and more vehicles are increasing rapidly and the graph of the
rate of buying vehicles is exponential, which has become a major problem at the site of
toll booths due to heavy traffic causing endless number of problems such as high
petrol/diesel consumption leading to depletion of hydrocarbon deposits below earth’s
crust and also death causalities due to heavy traffic. The sole purpose of this paper is to
motivate cashless transactions by installing automated e-toll collection system and the
technology that we used is the use of RFID readers/tags.

Here we listed some points regarding to purpose behind choosing this topic & what
is the requirement of this type of the project in our day to day life.
 Avoid the fuel loss.
 Saving of time in collecting toll.
 Avoid financial loss.
 To monitor the traffic.

4
So, according to serve of Maharashtra Government carried out in Sept. 2010,they have
proposed to get the annual toll collection of 1500 crores/year But in the present situation
only 1200 crores of the toll value is collected. Means there is loss of 300 cores due to
some human errors. So, we have to control this leakage. Now the present system we have
with us on the highways takes 1 minute to complete the toll collection process for one
vehicle. With this automatic process, it will take just 40 to 42 sec. to complete the whole
process.
As there is reduction in time for completion of the process so indirectly there will
benefit traffic as such & as there is no traffic so no fuel wastage takes place & the
purpose of designing the highways is achieved i.e. reduction in journey time & also the
money loss will be Reduced.

1.3 SALIENT FEATURES

This system is capable of saving time as well as fuel conservation which can save a lot of
individual’s economy. This particular system is far much better and very efficient towards
people as they will not stay in a long and lengthy queue thus automated e-toll system will
eliminate the hardships of people parking vehicles in a long queue. RFID has the
potential of eliminating corruption at local level and also reduce operational costs as well
as errors in human operations. WSN’s i.e. wireless sensor networks are basically used in
different scenarios such as home, office, healthcare, agriculture and also at toll collection
plaza which can capture and transmit data from all incoming vehicles and outgoing
vehicles because of their consistent and distinctive properties.

5
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Evolution of Toll Collection

Automatic toll collection (ATC) aims to eliminate the delay on toll roads by collecting
tolls electronically. ATC determines whether the cars passing are enrolled in the program,
alerts enforcers for those that are not, and electronically debits the accounts of registered
car owners without requiring them to stop.
Electronic toll collection has facilitated the concession to the private sector of the
construction and operation of urban freeways. Also, it has made feasible the improvement
and the practical implementation of road congestion pricing schemes in a limited number
of urban areas to restrict auto travel in the most congested areas.

2.2 William vickrey ETC

In 1959, Nobel Economics Prize-winner William Vickrey was the first to propose a
system of electronic tolling for the Washington Metropolitan Area. He proposed that each
car would be equipped with a transponder: "The transponder's personalised signal would
be picked up when the car passed through an intersection, and then relayed to a central
computer which would calculate the charge according to the intersection and the time of
day and add it to the car’s bill. In the 1960s and the 1970s, free flow tolling was tested
with fixed transponders at the undersides of the vehicles and readers, which were located
under the surface of the highway.

2.3 Norwegian technology (Auto Pass)

Norway has been the world's pioneer in the widespread implementation of this
technology. ETC was first introduced in Bergen, in 1986, operating together with
traditional tollbooths. In 1991, Trondheim introduced the world's first use of completely
unaided fullspeed electronic tolling. Norway now has 25 toll roads operating with
electronic fee collection (EFC), as the Norwegian technology is called (see AutoPASS).
In 1995, Portugal became the first country to apply a single, universal system to all tolls
in the country, the Via Verde, which can also be used in parking lots and gas stations. The

6
United States is another country with widespread use of ETC in several states, though
many U.S. toll roads maintain
the option of manual collection.

2.4 Open Road Tolling (ORT)

Cashless tolling has cash tolls not collected on the roadway. Electronic toll collection
becomes the primary option for payment, with payment by mail as a secondary option.
Open road tolling (ORT) is a type of electronic toll collection without the use of toll
booths. The major advantage to ORT is that users are able to drive through the toll plaza
at highway speeds without having to slow down to pay the toll.

2.5 A review on automated toll collection system

The ATC system in the paper “A review on automated toll collection system” the two
types of study were compared namely the RFID based study and Leach-C based study
showed promising and efficient way to develop the system but it also showed us lack of a
point where the Leach-C system worked on digital image processing where the number
plate of subject’s vehicle was scanned using high-tech camera. Using the RFID based
implementation and eliminating the DIP based implementation to make system better
time efficient.

The review was done of the paper “Automated toll collection system using RFID”
Enlighted us the various components that can used while developing our own system in
time saving and in efficient way so as to make a hybrid system that is mentioned in the
paper “A review on automated toll collection system”.

The survey done in the paper named ATC turned out to be good step for developing ATC
as we tried the best option in choosing the components in terms of reducing operation
costs, time saving, flexible and also added the theft detection module in our system
enabling security on high alert and detecting of stolen vehicles.

7
 3.HARDWARE MODEL
3.1 ENGINEERING BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION:-

Fig. 1: Block Diagram

1. As you are able to see in the above fig. there is the engineering block diagram
of our project that we have designed at the primary stage of our project.
2. So, the diagram consist of RFID tag, RFID reader, IR transmitter receiver, signal
conditioning unit, Arduino board,LCD display.Then what is the flow of the diagram? so,
the flow starts from RFID tags that must be uniquely fixed onto subject’s vehicle and
RFID reader module must be fixed at toll tooth. When a subject’s vehicle passes through
the gate, the reader will detect an incoming frequency of 125 kHz of the RFID tag and
read a unique no that has been assigned by govt. authority and the toll fee will be
deducted from linked bank a/c or the e-wallet of system.

8
3. the RFID tag which is detected by the RFID reader & sends the data i.e. type &
no. of vehicle stored in 12 digit code form in the tag to the controller to match with
database provided at booth.
4. Then the IR transmitter receiver assembly will detect the exact location of the
vehicle accurately & transmits the analog signal through the instrumentation amplifier to
comparator where it is compared with the stored data..
5. The controller then compares the signal with the stored value of respective toll &
displays on LCD. So the consumer has to just sap his smart card so desired amount will
be deducted from his account.
6. The signal conditioning unit is the device which converts the analog signal coming
from analog sensor & digital signal from digital sensor will be converted to 0-5 v which
is suitable for controller.
This is the simple working of our engineering block diagram that we have designed
at the primary stage.

3.2 HARDWARE MODULES

3.2.1.Arduino Uno

Fig. 2: Arduino Board

Arduino Uno is embedded board used in our system. This microcontroller used in our
system is ATmega328P.Arduino Uno is an open source hardware and software for
developers. It is basically easy to code and easy to use. It is used when same program is
to be performed under nested loops. Arduino is connected with Computer attach at toll
booth.

3.2.2. RFID Reader and Tags

RFID Reader we used in our system is EM-18 RFID reader module. This reader operated on 125KHz
which contain on-chip antenna which can be powered with 5V power supply. This Reader is attach to

9
computer or any microcontroller but in our system we connected it to the computer through which it
communicate with arduino board. Communication range of reader is 2- 10 cm. Tags contain the
information which is read when it is tap on the reader.

Fig. 3: RFID Reader and tags

RFID BASICS:-

RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification. The acronym refers to small

electronic devices that consist of a small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is
capable of carrying 2,000 bytes of data or less.
The RFID device serves the same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on the
back of a credit card or ATM card; it provides a unique identifier for that object. And, just
as a bar code or magnetic strip must be scanned to get the information, the RFID device
must be scanned to retrieve the identifying information.

RFID WORKS BETTER THAN BARCODES

A significant advantage of RFID devices over the others mentioned above is that
the RFID device does not need to be positioned precisely relative to the scanner. We're all
familiar with the difficulty that store checkout clerks sometimes have in making sure that
a barcode can be read. And obviously, credit cards and ATM cards must be swiped
through a special reader.
In contrast, RFID devices will work within a few feet (up to 20 feet for highfrequency
devices) of the scanner. For example, you could just put all of your groceries or
purchases in a bag, and set the bag on the scanner. It would be able to query all of the
RFID devices and total your purchase immediately.
RFID technology has been available for more than fifty years. It has only been
recently that the ability to manufacture the RFID devices has fallen to the point where
they can be used as a "throwaway" inventory or control device.
One reason that it has taken so long for RFID to come into common use is the
lack of standards in the industry. Most companies invested in RFID technology only use
the tags to track items within their control; many of the benefits of RFID come when
items are tracked
from company to company or from country to country.

10
1) HOW DOES RFID WORKS?
A Radio-Frequency Identification system has three parts:
1. A scanning antenna
2. A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data
3. A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been programmed with information.
The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency signals in a relatively short range.
The RF radiation does two things:
1. It provides a means of communicating with the transponder (the RFID tag) AND
2. It provides the RFID tag with the energy to communicate (in the case of passive
RFID tags).
This is an absolutely key part of the technology; RFID tags do not need to
contain batteries, and can therefore remain usable for very long periods of time (maybe
decades). The scanning antennas can be permanently affixed to a surface; handheld
antennas are also available. They can take whatever shape you need; for example, you
could build them into a door frame to accept data from persons or objects passing
through.
When an RFID tag passes through the field of the scanning antenna, it detects
the activation signal from the antenna. That "wakes up" the RFID chip, and it transmits
the information on its microchip to be picked up by the scanning antenna.
In addition, the RFID tag may be of one of two types. Active RFID tags have
their own power source; the advantage of these tags is that the reader can be much farther
away and still get the signal. Even though some of these devices are built to have up to a
10 year life span, they have limited life spans. Passive RFID tags, however, do not
require batteries, and can be much smaller and have a virtually unlimited life span.
RFID tags can be read in a wide variety of circumstances, where barcodes or
other optically read technologies are useless.
The tag need not be on the surface of the object (and is therefore not subject to wear)
The read time is typically less than 100 milliseconds Large numbers of tags can be read at
once rather than item by item.
In essence, that's how RFID works.

3.2.3 IR Sensor
This IR sensor is used to sense the car passing through the toll booth. Accordingly the
stepper motor will work. Transmitter emit infrared radiation if obstacles is present it get
reflected back to sensor which is receive through the receiver. It is connected to the
Arduino board.

11
 Fig. 4: IR Sensor
3.2.4 Stepper Motor
It is simple motor used to rotate the barrier which is connected to the Arduino board.
Whenever RFID tag is tap and the fees is deducted with proper transaction is done it
rotates 180 degree and when car passes through IR sensor again it rotate to 180 degree in
opposite direction. It can be access by using specific servo library available

Fig. 5: Stepper Motor

12
 4. SOFTWARE MODEL

4.1 DESIGN VIEW

This diagram gives the overall design view of the system and how the components are
connected and different modules in it.
Modules in the system can access the data from the database. Our system contain
different hardware module as follow:
 Arduino Uno Microcontroller
 RFID reader and Tags
 IR Obstacle Sensor
 Stepper motor
Different Software Modules as follow:
 Super Admin
 RTO Admin
 Toll Admin
 Police Admin
 User

13
4.2 SOFTWARE MODULES

Super Admin

In our system there is Super Admin which looks after the others Admin in the system. It
can look for the collection done at the different toll booth where our system is
implemented. This admin is handled by government authority. We can add new plaza and
also can define the different charges for the vehicles. This admin is basically used to track
the records of the different plaza.

RTO Admin

This is admin present at the RTO office which is used to register new vehicle which will
be assign new RFID tag. The Basic information of the user are taken like Vehicle number,
vehicle type , chassis number, owner address, owner mobile number, email-id, etc. Owner
is provided with username and password which he/she can used to recharge its account as
our system is based on E-wallet.

Toll Admin

This is used at the toll booth side this is used to check the collection record. This keep
the track of each and every record since the system is implemented.

Police Admin

This module is used by police authority which is used for registration of stolen vehicle of
the owner. If the stolen vehicle is detected on any of the toll booth then it is notified on
this module. User can also view which are the vehicles register as stolen.

4.3 IOT Module Working:

1. First user has to create a new account through web page. User should enter exact
and precise values of vehicle number and unique chassis number so as to identify
uniquely.
2. Then at the RTO admin side, the newly created user will be assigned a unique
RFID card by which he/she can perform transactions.
3. This RFID assignment is done by the RTO admin on windows application which is
RTO admin’s personal computer.
4. The next step is to setup a toll booth. This is done by the super admin. Super admin
creates a toll booth for a particular highway, assigns a user name and password to
the toll admin and tax for every type of vehicle. For example different taxes for
three wheeler, four wheeler, heavy vehicles etc. are assigned.

14
5. At toll booth, a toll admin is logged in. Toll booth system is responsible for valid
or invalid transactions. Toll admin is given access to the transaction history and
logs. But the admin is not able to change the logs, it can only be altered by super
admin.
6. At toll booth when a vehicle arrives, the unique RFID tag attached to the vehicle is
red by the RFID reader placed at the toll booth. When a reader reads the tag
attached to a vehicle it automatically detects the vehicle and the corresponding toll
tax is deducted from the users E-wallet. After the successful transaction the barrier
at the toll booth will open and an IR sensor placed after the barrier will sense the
presence of vehicle after crossing the barrier and then the barrier will be lowered
down.
7. In case of government vehicle (police) or emergency vehicle (ambulance) then that
vehicle will be registered as VIP during the vehicle registration by the RTO admin.
Whenever a VIP vehicle arrives at the toll booth it will not be charged and will be
allowed to pass through without disruption.
8. If the user doesn’t have sufficient balance then negative amount till ₹ -300 is added
to the user’s wallet. If the amount goes beyond ₹ -300 then the vehicle is not
allowed to pass through the barrier until he refills his wallet. On successful
transaction, user will get a notification on his registered mobile number. Our
system also comprises of stolen vehicle detection. If any user has registered his
vehicle as stolen at police admin, then during the transaction at the toll booth that
vehicle will be detected as stolen and the barrier will not open for that vehicle and
hence it will be stopped. A record of vehicles passed daily from every registered
toll booth is maintained on daily basis. This record gives precise values like which
vehicle at what time on which day of the year passes through a particular toll
booth. Another attribute, which shows if that vehicle is returned to that same toll
booth within 24 hours, if yes then accordingly the amount will be deducted. This
report is only accessible to the super admin. The main purpose of doing so is to
avoid the intermediate alterations done by the corrupt government or private
bodies. This super user authentication can be used to calculate the yearly tax
collected.

15
4.3.1 Flowchart

4.3.2 Basics of Used Technology

 IOT Bascis

The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical devices, vehicles,

home appliances and other
items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators,
and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data.[1][2]

16
 [3]
Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but
is able to inter-operate within the existing Internet infrastructure.
The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure,[6] creating opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human
intervention.[7][8][9][10] When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators, the
technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber-physical
systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power
plants, smart homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities.
The IoT can assist in the integration of communications, control, and information
processing across various transportation systems. Application of the IoT extends to all
aspects of transportation systems (i.e. the vehicle[101], the infrastructure, and the driver
or user). Dynamic interaction between these components of a transport system enables
inter and intra vehicular communication, smart traffic control, smart parking, electronic
toll collection systems, logistic and fleet management, vehicle control, and safety and
road assistance.[40][102] In Logistics and Fleet Management for example, The IoT
platform can continuously monitor the location and conditions of cargo and assets via
wireless sensors and send specific alerts when management exceptions occur (delays,
damages, thefts, etc.).

Software Specifications

• MC Programming Language: C

• SDCC compiler

SDCC is a retargettable, optimizing Standard C (ANSI C89, ISO C99, ISO C11)
compiler suite that targets the Intel MCS51 based microprocessors (8031, 8032,
8051,8052, etc.), Maxim (formerly Dallas) DS80C390 variants, Freescale
(formerly Motorola) HC08 based (hc08, s08), Zilog Z80 based MCUs (z80, z180,
gbz80, Rabbit 2000/3000, Rabbit 3000A, TLCS-90) and STMicroelectronics
STM8. Work is in progress on supporting the Microchip PIC16 and PIC18 targets.
It can be retargeted for other microprocessors.

SDCC suite is a collection of several components derived from different sources

with different FOSS licenses. SDCC compiler suite include:

• sdas and sdld, a retargettable assembler and linker, based on ASXXXX, written
by Alan Baldwin; (GPL).
• sdcpp preprocessor, based on GCC cpp; (GPL).
• ucsim simulators, originally written by Daniel Drotos; (GPL).

17
• sdcdb source level debugger, originally written by Sandeep Dutta; (GPL).
• sdbinutils library archive utilities, including sdar, sdranlib and sdnm, derived
from GNU Binutils; (GPL)
• SDCC run-time libraries; (GPL+LE). Pic device libraries and header files are
derived from Microchip header (.inc) and linker script (.lkr) files. Microchip
requires that "The header files should state that they are only to be used with
authentic Microchip devices" which makes them incompatible with the GPL.
• gcc-test regression tests, derived from gcc-testsuite; (no license explicitely
specified, but since it is a part of GCC is probably GPL licensed)
• packihx; (public domain)
• makebin; (zlib/libpng License)
• - MCU specific optimizations and language extensions
- Global register allocator
- MCU adaptable backend
- Complete data type range: char (8 bits, 1 byte), short (16 bits, 2 bytes), int (16
bits, 2 bytes), long (32 bit, 4 bytes) and float (4 byte IEEE).
- Automated regression tests and more.

• SDCC C compiler, originally written by Sandeep Dutta; (GPL). Some of the

features include:
• extensive MCU specific language extensions, allowing effective use of the
underlying hardware.
• a host of standard optimizations such as global sub expression elimination,
loop optimizations (loop invariant, strength reduction of induction
variables and loop reversing), constant folding and propagation, copy
propagation, dead code elimination and jump tables for 'switch' statements.
• MCU specific optimizations, including a global register allocator.
• adaptable MCU specific backend that should be well suited for other 8 bit
MCUs
• independent rule based peep hole optimizer.
• a full range of data types: char (8 bits, 1 byte), short (16 bits, 2 bytes), int
(16 bits, 2 bytes), long (32 bit, 4 bytes), float (4 byte IEEE) and _Bool/bool;
support for long long (64 bit, 8 bytes) data types for the z80, z180, r2k,
r3ka, gbz80, hc08, s08 and stm8 targets.
• the ability to add inline assembler code anywhere in a function.
• the ability to report on the complexity of a function to help decide what
should be re-written in assembler.
• a good selection of automated regression tests.

• Python

18
Python is a general purpose interpreted, interactive, object oriented, and highlevel
programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum during 1985
1990.Like Perl, Python source code is also available under the GNU General
Public License
(GPL). This tutorial gives enough understanding on Python programming
language.Python is a highlevel, interpreted, interactive and objectoriented
scripting language. Python is designed to be highly readable. It uses English
keywords frequently where as other languages use punctuation, and it has fewer
syntactical constructions than other languages.
• Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You
do not need to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL
and PHP.
• Python is Interactive − You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with
the interpreter directly to write your programs.
• Python is ObjectOriented − Python supports ObjectOriented style or technique
of programming that encapsulates code within objects.

• Python is a Beginner's Language − Python is a great language for the beginner-

level programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications
from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games.
History of Python Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties
and early nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer
Science in the Netherlands.Python is derived from many other languages,
including ABC, Modula3, C, C++, Algol68,
SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting languages.
Python is copyrighted. Like Perl, Python source code is now available under the
GNU
General Public License (GPL).
Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute, although
Guido van Rossum still holds a vital role in directing its progress.

Python's features include −

• Easy to learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined
syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.
• Easy to read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.
• Easy to maintain − Python's source code is fairly easy to maintain.
• A broad standard library − Python's bulk of the library is very portable and
cross

platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

• Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows

19
interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.
• Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the
same interface on all platforms.
• Extendable − You can add lowlevel modules to the Python interpreter. These
modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more
efficient.
• Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
• GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and
ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows
MFC,Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
• Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than
shell scripting.

Apart from the abovementioned features, Python has a big list of good features,
few are
listed below −
• It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.
• It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to bytecode for building
large applications.
• It provides very highlevel dynamic data types and supports dynamic type
checking.
• IT supports automatic garbage collection.
• It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java

20
 5.ADVANTAGES

 Financial leakage control

As per survey it is clear that, for every year there will be the loss of
300 crores of money from the gross toll collection value which is estimated up to
1500 crores.By utilizing fully automatic mechanism we can nearly able to control this
financial loss.
 Fuel saving
Due to automation of toll plaza there will be large reduction in the rush at
toll plaza which will cause indirectly the saving of fuel.
 Reduced man power
The basic aim of Automation concept is to reduce the manpower & to
increase the accuracy of the system. So we can able to achieve the same with our
on built concept.
 Reduced time for completion of process
The present system we have in work today consumes nearly 1 minute for
each vehicle to complete the process of toll payment. With our automated toll
plaza we can able to reduce the time consumption nearly up to 40-42 sec.which
will be very important in today’s era.
 Cash free operation
Due to smart card mechanism that we have used for the payment. Their
will be no necessity of hand to hand cash transaction. So causing reduction in
money loss.

6.LIMITATIONS

 If RFID fails whole system fails.

The RFID system we are here using for detecting the vehicle number
means the vehicle identity which we are further using for storing into memory &
also to display on the LCD.
If the RFID fails to detect the correct identity of the vehicle the data
regarding the vehicle will be wrong which will may create many problems &
system fails because without vehicle identity load cell will not weigh the vehicle.

21
 7.CONCLUSION

By doing automation of toll plaza we can have the best solution over money loss at toll
plaza by reducing the man power required for collection of money and also can reduce
the traffic indirectly resulting in reduction of time at toll plaza.In our project we have
introduced the techniques such as Radio Frequency Identification.This technique will
include the RFID tag & reader which in coordination with each other can be used to
detect the vehicle identity.
The load cell plate which is introduced for weighing the vehicles so as to classify them in
different catagories as light & heavy vehicles.The IR Transreceiver is used for detecting
the presence of vehicle at different locations which will act as the gate pass to the toll
plaza.
By effectively utilizing these three techniques at different stages of our
project we are able to represent the automation in toll plaza which will reduce the
complete processing time by few seconds which is very important as well as helps to
reduce money leakage in a very cost effective manner.

22
 8.FUTURE SCOPE

1. Implementation of automatic money debit system

In our project now we are implementing the smart card mechanism
for the payment of the toll amount paid by the vehicle owner.When the vehicle
comes on the load cell plate for weighing ,at that time the vehicle owner has to
swap his smart card in the debit machine.So, desired amount of toll amount will
be deducted from the account of owner.
Here we can also implement the automatic debit system.In this
system we have to treat the RFID card also as the smart card.In the RFID card we
have now vehicle number in the code format.So,we can combine the RFID card
with smart card as both are the different forms of basic principle of Barcode.

2. Implementation of image processing for centralize data recording

In our present concept we are only using the RFID system for
vehicle detection.So we can extend the scope of this concept in other way for
centralize data recording.For that purpose we can use the IR courten at the entry
gate which is followed by the Camera which will be continuously capturing the
images of the vehicles entering into the toll plaza.And the third step the RFID is
collecting the vehicle number.
Now when the vehicle passes through the IR courten it traces the
outline of the vehicle,in the next step the camera will take the image of the vehicle
& followed by the RFID to record the data related to the vehicle.The load cell
weighs the vehicle & classifies it into two categories as light & heavy vehicle
respectively.The whole data collected together & sent to the centralized server
which will store it for stipulated time.This application will help in detecting the
vehicles in the crime cases like terrorism & smuggling of goods & it will also
reduce the load on check posts.

23
 9. REFRENCES
1. Toll Collection System
https://prashantbasargi.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/project-report.pdf
Year - 2012

2. Electronic Toll Collection System

https://www.slideshare.net/VaibhavMurade/report-on-electronic-toll-collection
Year-2017
3.Norwegian technology (Auto Pass)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopass
Year-2013
4.Smart Toll Collection System
http://www.ijste.org/articles/IJSTEV3I12007.pdf
Year- 2017
5.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
6. http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/
7. https://www.python.org/
8. http://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/iot/introduction_to_IoT_november.pdf
9. http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/enet/documents/publications/iot-between-the-
internetrevolution.pdf

24