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Lesson 1
Understanding Elements and
Characteristics of Trends
A trend has a big impact in our society and it have the capacity to
make a big changes in our lives.
EXAMPLES OF TRENDS:
Twitter – it lets you see what is happening around the world, from
breaking news and entertainment, sports and politics to big events
and every day interests.
Examples:
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Process of Identifying a Trend
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Drivers continuing what is a trend
Fad is a new thing that people are doing. The easiest way to
categorize a fad is one word: short-lived. Trends have a much longer
lifespan than fads. In fact, trends can continue to be fashionable for
years and even decades.
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Rethinking Beauty: Trends in
Beauty Today
By: Irina Barbalova
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Reading: The Beauty Ideal: The
Fashion Silhoutte
By: Kirsten Anderberg
Many African tribe women have had their lips supported and
stretched by metal rings (lip plates) since early childhood. In
adulthood, their stretched lips express the ultimate in beauty.
Georgian wig vanity. In the late 1700s, women began to wear their
hair along with fake hair up in a giant wig that look hours to prepare.
Women often had to sleep sitting up and scratched their scalps with
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a tool resembling back scratchers of today. The hair could be built up
to 30 inches were common.
Corset not only did they make it hard for women to move freely or
sit down, but they also damaged internal organs and restricted air
flow. This led to fainting and less energy than they would have
otherwise. It would take about 2 years for internal organs to be
“trained” into a smaller position around the waist and about a year of
not wearing a corset for the internal organs to settle back into regular
positions. (Thomas 2014)
In the 1920s, flappers were “in” and many women opted for breast
reductions or banded theirs to fit in with the social standard. Yet, not
much after that larger breasts were the norm and women began
going under the knife for breasts enhancement.
Today, girls (I say girls because it all starts when one is young), in our
society are being constructed to constantly strive for a slimmer figure.
Anorexia Nervosa and bulimia have evolved into somewhat of an
epidemic. I would also like to point out that the average woman, who
usually is a healthy size 12-14. may have a low self-esteem because of
the normalized beauty ideal to be thin.
Women are still being oppressed through the beauty ideal. “The
Beauty ideal works to limit women, encourages competiveness, and
ultimately tends to lower women’s self-esteem”.
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Nature makes Us Appreciate
Our Bodies and Reject
Unrealistic Beauty Standards
Viren Swami
Nature is good for us---surely nobody has missed that fact. These
days, both scientists and policymakers agree about the importance
of offering everyone access to green spaces, regardless of social
background. That is because easy access to nature encourages
physical activity, which in turn has positive health effects. For
instances, English populations with the most green space in their
surroundings also have the lowest levels of morality. The simple fact is
that people tend to be healthier and live longer when they have easy
access to nature.
That is not all, though. Access to green spaces also facilitates social
interactions and gives rise to stronger neighborhood ties, which in turn
provide direct benefits for mental health. In our study, we found that
direct exposure to nature may also heighten the extent to which
individuals feel at one with, or connected to, nature. This was in turn
associated with more positive body image. The same positive
association between connectedness to nature and body
appreciation has previously been found in British women.
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Trend and Fad defined and
distinguished
Trend is a “recurrent phenomenon that takes place over time and
gives rise to speculation on the future” (Sanders, Soper, and Rothwell
2002). Trends analysis is an examination of these phenomena and
speculation on the likely impact they will have in the future. Any given
phenomenon and prediction which likely to happen or any craze/fad
or trend that would likely emerge needs to be examined.
Trends are best guesses for future events or patterns that are based
on present peripheral and historical information. This information can
be obtained by sophisticated methods such as computer modeling;
polling, surveying, or it can compile through retroactive analysis of
past trends. Synthesizing many factored and considering a multitude
of variables allow humans to simplify the complexity and chaos of the
interrelatedness of events into a reality that can accommodate
present modalities of thought (Cornish 2004).
Fads are normally micro trends that exist under that umbrella of an
actual trends (Naisbitt 2006) trends are often classified as short-term--
one to three years, mid-term--three to ten years, or long-term--ten to
50 years (Cornish 2004). The ability to from a trend along a linear
timeline however is not always correct as trends can revert back on
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themselves becoming cyclonal or trends can fuse or converge with
other trends occurring in the same time frame (Canton 2006).
Fad Defined
⚫ Hula hoop
⚫ Yo-yo
⚫ Virtual pets
⚫ Frisbee®
⚫ pokemon®
⚫ Hello kitty®
⚫ Loomband
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A fad is an intense but short -lived fashion. It is widely-shared
enthusiasm for something, especially on that is short-lived. It is
temporary fashion, a craze, interest, or activity that people follow
enthusiastically, but lasts for a short period of time. A fad is different
from a trend in that a fad always has a definite beginning and end. A
trend, on the other hand, evolves and changes as it continues to
grow.
They say that to follow a trend, one must not only be conscious of
what is currently happening, but be astute enough to predict what
will happen in the future. Try the following exercise. Identify if the
statements in the first column are a trend or a fad then write your
prediction.
There are five reasons we should stay away from any product
containing high fructose corn syrup.
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2. HFCS and cane sugar are NOT biochemically identical or processed
the same way by the body. High fructose corn syrup is an industrial
food product and far from “natural” or a naturally occurring
substance. It is extracted from corn stalks through a process so secret
that Archer Daniels Midland and Carghill would reported not allow
the investigate journalist Michael Pollan to observe it for his book, “The
Omnivore’s Dilemma”. The sugars are extracted through a chemical
enzymatic process resulting in a chemically and biologically novel
compound called HFCS.
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The real issues are only two.
2. High fructose corn syrup is almost found in very poor quality foods
that are nutritionally vacuous and filled with all sorts of other disease-
promoting compounds, fats, salt, chemicals, and even mercury.
These viral videos are the latest craze on the internet. The New York
Times reported that more than 1.2 million videos were shared on
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Facebook between June 1 and August 13, and that the challenge
was mentioned on twitter more than 2.2 million times since July 29 this
year.
Not all those who have joined the video challenge actually know
ALS is, or what the video is all about.
In later, lung and eye functions may be affected. Most people with
ALS die from respiratory failure, usually within 3 to 5 years from the
onset of symptoms. However, about 10% of those with ALS survive for
10 more years.
There is no cure yet for ALS. But in 1995, the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) approved the use of riluzole, which is believed to
reduce damage to motor neurons. This drug prolongs survival by
several months, but does not repair already- damaged motor
neurons.
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Quiz.
Answer the following questions:
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Use the fives Ws chart to organized the information you have learned
from this lesson.
What?
Who?
Where?
When?
Why?
Trend/fad Prediction
More kids love playing with
loombands
Yaya Dub(Maine Mendoza used
dubsmash and got so popular
overnight. Dubsmash is a mobile app
that creates short selfie videos
dubbed with famous sounds.
High fructose corn syrup is present in
fruit juices, cakes, ice cream, sweets,
and chocolates, and was found to
be culprit for obesity and diabetes.
More and more youth today are fond
of using high-tech gadgets like
tablets and smartphones.
More people aound the globe
playing the mobile app Pokemon
Go.
What is the not-so- sweet truth about high fructose corn syrup?
2. If this becomes a trend, how will you predict the nexy scenario?
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Write a 100-word essay. You may choose from any these two titles:
1. “Which Fad or Trend Shall I Accept or Reject?”
2. “How Do I Accept or Reject a Trend?”
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Lesson 2
Understanding Local Networks
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A network is a group of people whom we interact daily. Our
relationships are networked. If you look at nature, networks are
everywhere. The cellular network in the human brain, for instance, is
an amazing network that makes human life possible.
Networks are a ‘set of nodes and set of ties’ (Brass, 1994: 42). The
things that are connected are usually called nodes. A node might be
a person, a computer or even a hyperlinked text. The connections
between hubs are called “associations” and here and there called
“edges”. They are relations that bind the tie or even make the ties
suffer. It is imperative for leaders and managers to precisely see the
system relations that associate individuals and to effectively oversee
them. Awareness concerning social networks is important to the
extent that people are uncertain who is connected to whom. It is a
means of developing contact and exchange of information. It
provides us the opportunity to interact with people outside of our
regular social circle. It is vital also to entrepreneurs, professionals, and
job seekers.
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that could possibly exists between two “hubs” paying little respect to
regardless of whether it really does.
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surround and share ourselves so it means we have similarities with our
values and tradition so we have a networked with them.
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Networks are a 'set of nodes and the set of ties' (Brass, 1999:42)
The things that are connected are usually called nodes. A node might
be a person, computer or even a hyperlinked text. The connection
between hubs are called associations and here and there are
called edges. They are relations that bind the tie or even make the
ties suffer.
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date, you might want to consider visiting a therapist. Which of
the following is the best example of a hierarchy?
o a local radio station broadcasting the weather report
o a birthday party at a roller skating rink
o a military regiment led by a commanding officer
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Intuitive decision-making is far more than using common sense
because it involves additional sensors to perceive and get aware of
the information from outside. Sometimes, it is referred to as gut feeling,
sixth sense, inner sense, instinct, inner voice, spiritual guide, etc.
✓ All great men are gifted with intuition. They know without reasoning
or analysis what they need to know.
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5. Immanuel Kant (German Philosopher)
✓ Intuition is the supra-logic that cuts out all the routine processes of
thought and leaps straight from the problem to the answer.
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Active Reading
They are typically able to identify flaws in the reasoning of others and
refute them and to back up their own claims with plausible reasons;
by doing so they have not learned how to reason emphatically within
points of view which they disagree.
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strongest versions of points of view in conflict with their own and to
question deeply their own framework of thought. They try to find and
correct flaws in their own reasoning and to be scrupulously fair to
those with whom they disagree.
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experiential processes, broadly contrasting conscious reasoning and
automatic learning.
People use both processes interactively, yet they have been found
to differ in whether they habitually respond primarily rationally or
intuitively to decision situations, or whether they prefer to follow their
heart of their head.
Elements of Reasoning
Richard Paul and Linda Elder
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Lesson 3
Global Networks: Labor And
Migration
Understanding Globalization
Globalization is the most powerful force for change in the world
today affecting all societies in the planet. It entails the movement of
capital, free flow of goods and services, the increased mobility of
individuals, and the expansions of multinational corporations and
transnational organizations.Globalization has integrated the product
and financial markets of economies around the world through the
driving forces of trade and capital flows across borders.
One of the goals of globalization is for the world to become
more interdependent. People and countries of the world are closely
woven together especially in the economic aspect.
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It aims to standardized income distribution through its economic
integration schemes. It shows that globalization have an advantages
and disadvantages.
Understanding Globalization
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Within these categories, National Geographic categorized them as
“push” and “pull” factors of migration.
Push factors – are those that motivate people to move from one
place to another because of difficulty, such as food shortage, war,
flood, etc.
Pull factors – are those that motivate people to move their place
to another place simply because of some desirable reasons such as
nicer climate, better food supply, freedom and others.
Types of Migration
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Active Reading
Ballade
Adam Mott
The current global downturn, the worst since the Great Depression
70 years ago, pounded the last nail into the coffin of globalization.
Already beleaguered by evidence that showed global poverty and
inequality increasing, even as most poor countries experienced little
or no economic growth, globalization has been terminally discredited
in the last two years. As the much-heralded process of financial and
trade interdependence went into reverse, it became the transmission
belt not of prosperity but of economic crisis and collapse.
End of an Era
But trends are fast outpacing both ideologues and critics of neo-
liberal globalization, and developments thought impossible a few
years ago are gaining steam. "The integration of the world economy
is in retreat on almost every front," writes the Economist. While the
magazine says that corporations continue to believe in the efficiency
of global supply chains, "like any chain, these are only as strong as
their weakest link. A danger point will come if firms decide that this
way of organizing production has had its day."
1. production for the domestic market must again become the center
of gravity of the economy rather that production for export markets.
3. Trade policy that is quotas and tariffs should be used to protect the
local economy from destruction by corporate subsidized
commodities with artificially low prices.
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8. Strategic economic decisions cannot be left to the market or to
technocrats. Instead, the scope of democratic decision-making in the
economy should be expanded so that all vital questions such as which
industries to develop or phase out, what proportion of the
government budget to devote to agriculture, etc, become subject to
democratic discussion and choice.
11. Centralized global institutions like IMF and the World Bank should
be replaced with regional institutions built not on free trade and
capital mobility but in principles of cooperation that, to use the words
of Hugo Chavez in describing Bolivarian Alternative for the Americans
(ALBA), “transcend the logic of capitalism.
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Quiz.
Brainstorm on the following marks of globalization and do a research.
What do the following mean? Give examples for each.
1. End of geography
2. Onset of the death of distance
3. Emergence of a borderless world
4. De-territorialisation or supra-territorialisation Why do we need
globalization?
5. Why do we need alternatives to globalization?
1. Globalization
2. Networks
3. De-globalization
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LESSON 4
LABOR AND MIGRATION
Not all labor right is protected and not all labor practices are
dignified.
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Active Reading
MIGRANTE International:
International Alliance of Filipino
Migrant Organizations
The migration of Filipinos abroad is a product of extreme poverty
and joblessness in the country that is brought about the decrepit
social system perpetuated by US neocolonialism.
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GLOBAL CONNECTIONS ASEAN
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As with internet access, low Smartphone penetration presents
opportunities and challenges to mobile companies. Since the vast
majority of devices in use by Filipinos are basic phones, the market for
mobile apps and many services remains immature, limiting business,
opportunities in the short term. On the plus side, however, the
Philippines has some of the highest rates of smartphones sales growth
in Southeast, so it is only a matter of time before market demand
emerges for smartphones- oriented services.
3. Social media usage rates are off the charts-but this does not
guarantee conversions. No matter how you cut it, the Philippines has
some of the world’s highest social media engagement rates across
nearly all platforms. Ninety- six percent of Filipino netizens use social
media, which accounts for whopping 42% of total screen time in the
country, more than any other country in Southeast Asia. Facebook
and Twitter penetration are among the highest in the world. Instagram
and Interest are also widely popular.
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These statistics can and should be exciting to companies, but as
most digital marketers know, high social media engagement does not
always translate into sales or meaningful branding opportunities. Any
successful social media campaigns will require a detailed
understanding the nuances of Filipino culture, which shares some
similarities with other emerging markets but also has contours that are
unique in the region--- and the world.
4. Filipinos are brand-friendly and ready to buy--but this will not last
long. The Philippines has some of the highest levels of brand openness
and engagement in the world. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the
country led Southeast Asia in online brand engagement across a
range of metrics, from social networks to blogs and online forums.
Mobile users in the Philippines are more likely to click on mobile ads
than in any other Southeast Asian country, even though they are less
likely to see them.
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High levels of brand openness and engagement present amazing
branding opportunities for companies of all types, but the window of
opportunity is likely to last long. Although this is not a hard-and-fast
rule, countries tend to grow less brand- friendly as they grow more
developed. As Filipino gain greater experience with digital
technologies, the novelty of online advertising will wear off and many
consumers will grow jaded to marketing initiatives. For many brands,
the time to act is now.
The digital boom in the Philippines today owes much of its force to
a “perfect digital storm” of increased digital engagement, strong
economic growth, and favorable demographics. On the economic
front, the country posted GDP growth rates of 7.2% in 2013, despite
suffering one of the natural disasters in the world that year. On the
demographic front, half the Philippines’ household population under
23, it is also one of the youngest countries in Asia.
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Young people with increasing levels of disposable income are a
key target market for many digital technologies and services, so these
demographic factors provide fertile ground for digital enterprises of all
sizes and shapes.
All signs indicate that the Philippines’s strong growth rates will
continue in the coming years, but emerging markets are fragile and
prone to mood swings in global capital flows. Some commentators
warn that the country is already in bubble mode, while others contest
such claims as irresponsible alarmism. Ultimately, global
macroeconomic conditions almost always defy prediction, so even
though the Philippines presents strong economic fundamentals, it is
virtually impossible to state what will happen down the line. Tiger cub
Digital remains optimistic, however, and rightfully so barring
unexpected catastrophe, conditions remain ripe for further growth in
the country’s digital markets.
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Achim Steiner, Director General of the international Union for
Conservation of Nature, believes that migration, both forces and
voluntary, will be the most significant consequences of climate
change and environmental degradation.
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" Placelessness disentangles individuals and communities, often
with detrimental effects to self-identity and well-being"
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Lesson 5
Planetary Networks:
Climate Change
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Global Warming
The ecological crisis is a moral issue ...Respect for Life and for the
dignity of the human person extends also to the rest of creation...We
cannot interfere in one area of the ecosystem without paying due
attention both to the consequences of such interference in other
areas and to the well-being of future generations.
" The most important things about global warming is this: Whether
humans are responsible for the bulk of climate change is going to be
left to the scientists, but it is all our responsibility to leave this planet in
better shape for the future generations than we found it.
Climate Change
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As reported by experts, the effects of climate change will not be
the same across sectors, the world, or even within many countries.
Some areas could have benefits while other could have damages.
Some sectors may see ‘positive’ effects while other sectors may see
‘negative’ effects. Effects may also evolve as climate change
continues, altering the nature and distribution of these effects across
sectors and regions.
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Solutions: What to do:
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SOLUTIONS
2. Choose the right light. LED bulbs are the most energy efficient
lighting option. LED bulbs use 75% less electricity than incandescent
bulbs (Energy Star). The also have no mercury, and last about 25 times
longer than traditional incandescent bulbs (DoE).
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3. Eliminate vampire power: unplug idle electronics. Devices like
televisions, microwaves, scanners, and printers use standby power,
even when off. Some chargers continue to pull small amounts of
energy, even when plugged in (a good judge of this is if a charger
feels warm to the touch). In the US, the total electricity consumed by
idle electronics equals the annual output of 12 power plants (EPA).
4. Use a power strip to reduce your plug load. To avoid paying for this
"vampire power," use a power strip to turn all devices off at once.
Flipping the switch on your power strip has the same effect as
unplugging each socket from the wall, preventing phantom energy
loss.
5. Turn off the lights. Just one switch and you're done!
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Travel Green
Cars, trucks, airplanes, and other kinds of vehicles are
responsible for about one–third of the greenhouse gas emissions in the
United States. Smart transportation choices can make a big impact
on reducing emissions.
Give the car a break. Encourage your family to make one big
trip to run all their errands at once, instead of making lots of small trips.
Consider sharing rides with others, and use public transportation like
buses or trains whenever you can.
Use your buying power. When it's time to buy a new car, help
your family choose one that's fuel–efficient or electric. You'll use less
gas, reduce emissions, and save money.
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Choosing green activities
Be water–wise. Turn the water off while brushing your teeth, and
try taking shorter showers. Learn more ways you can save water,
then test your water sense.
Fix that faucet. A faucet that leaks at a rate of one drip per
second can waste more than 3,000 gallons of water in a year.
Look for leaks. If your toilet has a leak, you could be wasting 200
gallons of water a day. Try putting a drop of food coloring in the toilet
tank. If the color shows up in the bowl without flushing, you have a
leak!
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Keep it cool. Wash only full loads of laundry, and use cold water
instead of hot. About 90 percent of the energy used for washing
clothes is for heating the water.
Use Less Energy. Most of the energy you use at home and at
school comes from burning fossil fuels. Using less energy means
burning fewer fossil fuels and putting less carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
Do the math. An energy audit can help you calculate how much
energy your family uses at home and identify ways to reduce your
energy use.
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Look for the label. Energy–efficient appliances and electronics
typically use between 10 and 50 percent less energy than regular
models. If you're shopping for a TV, computer, DVD player, or other
electronic device or appliance, look for products that display
the ENERGY STAR label.
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Reduce Waste
Most people don't realize that reducing, reusing, and recycling
can help slow climate change. How? To begin with, every product
has a life cycle, and every step—from manufacturing to disposal—
leads to greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing, reusing, and recycling
means you buy (and throw away) less stuff, and that helps reduce the
amount of greenhouse gases we're adding to the atmosphere.
Reuse. Try to borrow or rent things you'll only need for a short
amount of time, and reuse the things you already have. When you
have things you no longer need, give them to others who can use
them. Use reusable bags when you go shopping.
Plant Trees
Trees help clean the air we breathe, filter the water we drink, and
provide habitat to over 80% of the world's biodiversity. Forests provide
jobs to over 1.6 billion people, absorb harmful carbon from the
atmosphere, and are key ingredients in 25% of all medicines. Ever
taken an Aspirin? It comes from the bark of a tree!
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Here are the six pillars that explain why trees are so vital...
AIR. Trees are like the vacuums of our planet. Through their
leaves and bark, they suck up harmful pollutants and release clean
oxygen for us to breathe. In urban environments, trees absorb
pollutant gases like nitrogen oxides, ozone, and carbon monoxide,
and sweep up particles like dust and smoke. Increasing levels of
carbon dioxide caused by deforestation and fossil fuel combustion
trap heat in the atmosphere. Healthy, strong trees act as carbon sinks;
absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and reducing the effects of
climate change.
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United Nations, a mature evergreen tree can intercept more than
15,000 litres of water every year.
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SOCIAL IMPACT. From arborists, to loggers, to researchers, the
job opportunities provided by the forestry industry are endless. We
don’t just rely on trees for work; sustainable tree farming provides
timber to build homes and shelter, and wood to burn for cooking and
heating. Food-producing trees provide fruit, nuts, berries, and leaves
for consumption by both humans and animals, and guarantee health
and nutrition.
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CLIMATE. Trees help cool the planet by sucking in and
storing harmful greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, into their
trunks, branches, and leaves, and releasing oxygen back into the
atmosphere. In cities, trees can reduce overall temperature by up to
eight degrees Celsius. With more than 50% of the world’s population
living in cities—a number expected to increase to 66% by the year
2050—pollution and overheating are becoming a real threat.
Fortunately, trees can absorb up to 150 kg of carbon dioxide per year,
making cities a healthier, safer place to live.
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CLIMATE CHANGE
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mapaminsalang baha. Walang masisirang ari-arian. Walang
masasayang na buhay.
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A Glimpse of Environment
(English Translation)
The vast forest of the planet has a big role in the sustenance of
life. Trees give all the important balance of the environment. Carbon
dioxide, a big pollutant in the air we breathe, is being neutralized
nonstop by its leaves. If the CO2 exceeds its limit, disease without cure
and pandemics are the horrible things that may happen which could
eventually stop life to beat.
If you will notice, the firefly with its glittering light in the dark night
is no longer around. This beautiful insect only abounds if there is no
pollution. The diseases that afflict as now are unknown to our
grandparents in their time. Science found out that the plunder of our
ecology has a lot to cause cancer.
The roots of the trees on the mountains hold the soil to avoid
erosion including the underbrush. Without erosion, floods and its
devastating effect would not happen. Life and properties will not be
lost.
ACTIVE READING
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1. More intense El Niño. The El Niño phenomenon occurs when
the surface of ocean waters in the southern Pacific becomes
abnormally warm. The energy created by this warming is so great that
it can create an imbalance in the weather in different parts of the
world. In Southeast Asia, it can lead to abnormally dry conditions. El
Niño can also make other weather events like storms highly
unpredictable. Weather will have extreme highs and lows, making it
"increasingly difficult to accurately predict weather patterns for
purposes of planning and normal business operations," says a WWF-
Philippines study.
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Read the following text.
The models predict that as the world consumes ever more fossil
fuel, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise, and Earth’s
average surface temperature will rise with them. Based on a range of
plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise
between 2°C and 6°C by the end of the 21st century.
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Snow and ice. Perhaps the most well-known feedback comes
from melting snow and ice in the Northern Hemisphere. Warming
temperatures are already melting a growing percentage of Arctic
sea ice, exposing dark ocean water during the perpetual sunlight of
summer. Snow cover on land is also dwindling in many areas. In the
absence of snow and ice, these areas go from having bright, sunlight-
reflecting surfaces that cool the planet to having dark, sunlight-
absorbing surfaces that bring more energy into the Earth system and
cause more warming.
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The question that scientists ask is, how much water vapor will be
in the atmosphere in a warming world? The atmosphere currently has
an average equilibrium or balance between water vapor
concentration and temperature. As temperatures warm, the
atmosphere becomes capable of containing more water vapor, and
so water vapor concentrations go up to regain equilibrium. Will that
trend hold as temperatures continue to warm?
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High cold clouds, however, form in a part of the atmosphere
where energy-absorbing water vapor is scarce. These clouds trap
(absorb) energy coming from the lower atmosphere, and emit little
energy to space because of their frigid temperatures. In a world with
high clouds, a significant amount of energy that would otherwise
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escape to space is captured in the atmosphere. As a result, global
temperatures are higher than in a world without high clouds.
Scientists aren’t entirely sure where and to what degree clouds will
end up amplifying or moderating warming, but most climate models
predict a slight overall positive feedback or amplification of warming
due to a reduction in low cloud cover. A recent observational study
found that fewer low, dense clouds formed over a region in the Pacific
Ocean when temperatures warmed, suggesting a positive cloud
feedback in this region as the models predicted. Such direct
observational evidence is limited, however, and clouds remain the
biggest source of uncertainty--apart from human choices to control
greenhouse gases—in predicting how much the climate will change.
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On land, changes in the carbon cycle are more complicated.
Under a warmer climate, soils, especially thawing Arctic tundra, could
release trapped carbon dioxide or methane to the atmosphere.
Increased fire frequency and insect infestations also release more
carbon as trees burn or die and decay.
The higher estimates are made on the assumption that the entire
world will continue using more and more fossil fuel per capita, a
scenario scientists call “business-as-usual.” More modest estimates
come from scenarios in which environmentally friendly technologies
such as fuel cells, solar panels, and wind energy replace much of
today’s fossil fuel combustion.
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MY CARBON FOOTPRINT
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private transportation, public transport, flights, and food and drink.
Your secondary footprint includes your share of public services,
financial services, recreation and leisure, house buildings and
furnishings, car manufacture and delivery, and clothes and personal
effects. Several factors affect your footprint: the number of people in
your household, what kind of heat you use in your home, miles driven
per year and fuel efficiency of your automobile, number and duration
of flights, your average monthly electric, gas, and fuel bill, and
recycling habits. Tips for reducing your carbon footprint at home and
at work Carbon emission from your home is directly correlated to
everyday energy consumption. One way to reduce your carbon
footprint is to improve energy efficiency:
⚫ When appliances are not in use, turn them off and unplug them.
Even small appliances like cell phone chargers waste energy
when plugged in all day. It is called ghost-electricity.
⚫ Take shorter, cooler showers and turn off the tap when brushing
your teeth.
⚫ Recycle everything you can.
⚫ Replace incandescent light bulbs with CFL low energy bulbs,
which use just 20% of the energy of a normal light bulb and last
15 times longer.
⚫ When replacing older appliances, always opt for appliances
that use less power and receive a good energy rating.
At your office:
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ACTIVE READING
The marchers will cross the San Juanico Bridge towards Tacloban
City on Nov. 8, the anniversary of the Category 5 storm that cut a
swath of devastation across the tip of Cebu and tore through the
three large island provinces of Samar, Leyte and Bohol.
Sano said the walk was demanding and was taking a physical toll
on the marchers. He was sidelined at one point by an injury that
required him to rest before rejoining the march.
Formal programs were held on more than half of the evenings. The
programs consisted of a welcome affair hosted by the local
community, then a series of films, and a speech by Sano encouraging
people to heed the global call to climate action.
Climate toolkits
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The power to rise up
"We have a song which we sing every day in our walk, 'Tayo tayo'
which means 'Let us rise' in a march rhythm, " Sano said. And he is
optimistic that people will rise for change.
His hope is that people will realize that they have power at the
grassroots level to change things for the better, live sustainably, and
build a culture of caring and accountability.
"We can't afford to lose this battle for humanity, it is a leap of faith
to do something like this," Sano said.
Many people have asked what happens after the walk, he noted.
"The destination of our climate walk is not Tacloban City, but the
hearts and minds of people, people in the Philippines and in the whole
world."
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Lesson 6
Democratic Interventions
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Democracy is one of the most important principles for a better
world. In its truest sense, a democracy is a community in which all
members have an equal say in the running of that community.
Unfortunately in reality, democratic societies have fallen short of this
ideal.
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Political Corruption . There is an increasing disenchantment of
the state of society in our globalized world. In a study about
democratic participation in different countries in the globe, 44 out of
47 countries that took part in the study asserted that the conditions of
a good society (Barry Knight: 2002, p. 107).
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Basic Needs. Failure to meet basic needs is a common
complaint among many societies in the world today. Insecurities are
created when basic human needs are not met. Economic insecurity
is a great concern among majority. many citizens expressed the need
for food, water and livelihood.
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Participation. Citizens play the part by engaging in collective
action to perform voluntary work with others in order to tackle
problems and participating in political processes to play an active role
in relation to the state in order to ensure that the state opened itself
up to the influence of citizens.
A Seeming Deluge of
Problems: Methodist Former
Chief Justice Challenges
University Church in the
Philippines
MANILA, Philippines-- At the 4th Founding Anniversary of Wesleyan
University United Methodist Church on Dec. 1, former Philippines Chief
Justice Reynato Puno declared that it is only servant hood “on this
gloomy world”.
Deluge of Problems
“Emphasizing gloom all over the world with its disastrous effect
crossing boundaries”, Puno said “more and more people are losing
hope.
Unrelenting Corruption
Puno emphasized that Jesus Christ is above all the storms of life,
claiming down the violent storms and commanding the winds to stop.
Puno said that God is the God of the impossible and of miracles.
He said the duty of all Christians is to give hope in hopelessness in
indisputable tones.
“Where does our hope lie? Puno asked. He answered his own
query by saying what the world needs today is not more machines,
not new organization, not noble methods and pans, but men and
women the Holy Spirit can use. “It is only the capacity of faith, ability
of self-littleness, losing of oneself for God’s glory”, he said.
“God can work wonders in suitable men and women”, Puno said,
adding that the most reverent endeavor is to bring the good news to
every corner of the world. “Be sanctified”, he urged.” Do actions seen
by others and actions that inspire others”.
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balance the environment. God intervenes and works in mysterious
ways”.
Puno said there is a need to strike down the pork barrel in the hands
of the Philippines president and legislators. He is pushing for the
people’ Initiative set down by Section 1 & 32 Article VI of the Philippine
Constitution to abolish the pork barrel. He said people should speak
out their opinion in a real democracy.
A Moral Issue
Democracy Defined
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ACTIVE READING
The results of the survey will cover you with gloom. They show that
only 26 countries in the world qualify as full democracies; 53 countries
are considered flawed democracies; 33 countries are classed as
hybrid regimes; and 55 countries are classified as authoritarian
regimes. In other words only 12.3% of the world’s population live in
countries under full democracy. In Asia, only two countries qualified
as full democracies – Japan and South Korea. The Philippines was
considered a country with flawed democracy. I quote their analysis
as to why democracy is in retreat in Asia:
Obviously, our State has failed to discharge its duties to our people,
as called for by their covenant to establish a democratic society. For
this reason, those watching our democratic progress classify our State
as a weak State, a soft State, or a failing State. It is difficult to disagree
with this classification for indeed we will not be a flawed democracy
if we have developed a State that is strong and capable of fulfilling
the expectations of our people. The danger is that a State that
continues to be weak, a State that severely defaults in serving the
people may be brought down by anti-democratic forces through
extra-constitutional means.
The third reason for our weak inefficient State is the rise of the
centers of power that command critical mass of votes or wield
excessive economic clout or possess armories of death and violence.
The existence of these centers of power oftentimes transcend the
limits of the permissible because they frustrate the government in the
pursuit of its legitimate ends. For instance, we see the growth of
sectarian forces that are able to extract undue political and
economic favors from government due to their demonstrated
capability to deliver votes. Every election time, we witness candidates
make a beeline to seek the blessings of these leaders as if they
descended from Mount Sinai. For another, we see the multiplication
of political dynasties that control votes in their bailiwicks and who in
turn, are allowed to perpetuate themselves as kings in their fiefdoms
with the unspoken right to exploit their constituents. We also see the
influence of a few oligarchs, who can direct the economic policies of
government in their favor but to the detriment of many. Thus, every
Congress, people urge the enactment of laws that will enforce our
constitutional policy against dynasties and monopolies but to no avail.
A State cannot be shackled by these centers of power which have
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no accountability to the people for they serve themselves alone.
Unfortunately, the weakening of States especially by private business
interest has been accelerated by the coming of globalization and its
dominant ideology of near unregulated capitalism. Capitalism
espouses the free enterprise system of varying shades. It champions
the thesis that it is the invisible hand of the market that should guider
economy as opposed to the hand of the government. Hence, its
mantras of privatization and deregulation which tell public authorities
no to engage in business, and to let the private sector to do it without
or with the least competition from government. As usual, with pressure
from external sources, we joined the hallelujah chorus chanting
privatization and deregulation. Immediately, private business led by
the elite, grabbed control of our light and power industry, the oil
industry, and the water industry as government was prodded to divest
its interests therein in near fire sale. The people were promised lower
rates to pay our light, water and oil bills but found themselves
drowning in high prices. Today, the government finds itself unable to
look at even the books of these corporations to determine whether
they are amassing too much profit at the expense of the people.
Again, we cannot afford a State that is hardly able to protect the
people.
The fifth reason that we have a weak State is our inability to resist
foreign intervention. A State mired in poverty is easy prey to foreign
countries with contrary interest. Since time immemorial, real economic
sufficiency has eluded us. As a consequence, we have been
compelled to surrender our political and economic sovereignty at
different points of our history. For a long while, we were home to
military bases, which Recto denounced as magnets to attacks. And
until now, our huge indebtedness tethers us to foreign government
and institutions that lend money. To an impoverished State, a
collection letter from a creditor State is just as deadly in effect as a
bullet. We have to learn the lesson that foreign States will never put
our interest above their interest. Our State enjoys a bounty of natural
resources, and we should not expect foreign States and their multi-
nationals not to devour them, especially at this time when most of their
economies are suffering from recession. We have, lying in the bosom
of Mindanao, trillions worth of natural resources and it is not
unexpected for foreign countries to salivate for their control and
disposition even if they have to weaken our State for the purpose.
History warns us of the curse of resources but I’d like to think they can
never be a curse to a strong State.
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We all desire a State that is strong enough to fulfill the expectations
of the people. To our authorities who are doing their best towards this
direction, I leave a food for thought the following studies of experts on
security:
Let us help our State be a strong and effective State for without
strength it cannot deliver real service to the people. All that we see
happening in our society today is the result of a State battered and
weakened by different factors and forces. We should engage these
forces as a body of Christ. As Methodists, we have a tradition on
engaging powers that perpetrate and perpetuate political, social
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and economic injustices against the people. Our Social Creed is our
covenant to uphold the powerless against the powerful; to fight for
the exploited many against the exploiting few… And let us not forget
that Methodism was founded by John Wesley, to quote historians,
“who is to be remembered for the gospels that he preaches which
inspired people to take up social causes in the name of Christ.” They
say that Wesley was both a preacher of the gospel and a prophet of
social righteousness; they called Wesley “the man who restored for a
nation its soul” (Stott, John R.W., Issues Facing Christians
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Where is democracy? How will it work? Karina Constnatino-David
wrote, “In a country that is plagued by massive poverty and by both
natural and man-made disasters, various of action to the level of
public debate. Poverty and disasters have a way of exposing the
inadequacies of the state while at the same time encouraging a level
of voluntarism from the citizenry.
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Quiz.
Forms groups of our members. Describe the following pictures by
creating a free verse.
1. Labor-
2. Migration-
The digital boom in the Philippines today owes much of its force to a
“Perfect Digital Storm”.
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Answer the questions.
Discuss.
Use the five Ws chart to organize the information you have learned
from this lesson.
What?
Who?
Where?
When?
Why?
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Answer the following question:
Use the five Ws chart to organize information you have learned from
this lesson.
What?
Who?
Where?
When?
Why?
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Lesson 7
Information Communication
Technology (ICT)
⚫ Personal.
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Government. Many transactions with government offices are
now possible and available online. Application for birth certificate,
passport, NBI and the like are maximized by some Filipinos Computers,
electronic mail, internet, fax machines, mobile phones, are only
among the information communication tools that can be considered
an integral part of work activities in almost all companies or institutions
in the Philippines and abroad.
ICT And Global Networks. With ICT in our schools, learners are not
only consumers but content creators as they write, edit, publish,
participate, co create and collaborative with others through the use
of technologies.
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global social awareness through social network sites. Social
networking sites also facilitate the mobilization of grassroot
movements and advocacies especially among the younger
generation.
It’s inevitable – programmatic buying, for both digital and TV, will
continue to gain significant market share in 2014. According to a
recent study, MAGNA GLOBAL expects global programmatic buying
to triple from $12 billion in 2013 to $33 billion by 2017. These increases
will be seen most aggressively in digital channels, specifically display
and online video. Agencies are getting smarter about recognizing
good inventory that delivers viewable impressions (not under the fold),
and will soon be able to buy this inventory programmatically.
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We’ve found that static banner ads many times outperform rich
media, providing CPCs that are still unmatched by video and other
media. Regardless of where digital media is shifting as an industry –
largely to our mobile devices – banner ads remain one of the best
(and most cost-efficient) ways to target web users due to their low
CPMs and prevalent inventory.
“For the past five years, it seems that someone’s been saying it’s
finally the year mobile advertising begins to drive digital investment,”
said Amy Armstrong, EVP, Managing Director at ID Media. “But 2014
may finally be mobile’s year.”
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At the same time, brands have fully adopted mobile, updating
websites and m-commerce functionality to run flawlessly on the latest
smartphones. We expect mobile budgets to increase drastically
across-the-board.
Forbes did it. So did Yahoo!, Buzzfeed and Mashable (to varying
degrees of success). Even the New York Times is on board. Publishers
are closing the gap between editorial and advertising by offering
native ads that blend seamlessly with original content. And they’re
working. According to a study conducted by IPG Media Lab,
consumers look at native ads 52% more frequently than banner ads.
As a result of their integration with editorial, native ads registered a 9%
higher lift in brand affinity and an 18% higher leap in purchase intent
than traditional display ads. We expect the number of agencies
utilizing native ads to increase dramatically this year.
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Partitions Between the
Workplace and Other Spheres
of Life Are Falling Down
William Rothwell
The trend will continue. Will the advent of even more advanced
technology---such as broadcast-quality video conferencing from the
desktop--human experts will be instantly available on demand.
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The Human Brain as the Neural
Network
Daniel Shiffmann
Neural Networks
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Active Reading
The research reveals that the part of the brain that signals which
direction you are facing, called the entorhinal region, is also used to
signal the direction in which you need to travel to reach your
destination.
“For example, if you turn left then your into region should process
this shift your facing directing and goal direction accordingly”, he
added.
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villagers felt they were doing well to save as many they could
each day.
⚫ Indeed, the village priest blessed them in their good work. And
life in the village continued on that basis.
⚫ One day, however, someone raised the questions “But where
all these babies coming from? Let’s organize a team to head
upstream to find out who’s throwing all of these babies into
the river in the first place”.
Once upon a time, all the colors in the world started to quarrel; each
claimed that she was the best, the most important, the most useful,
the favorite...
Blue interrupted: “You only think about the earth, but consider
the sky and the sea. It is water that is the basis of life and this is drawn
up by the clouds from the blue sea. The sky gives space and peace
and serenity. Without my peace you would all be nothing but
busybodies.”
Purple rose up to his full height. He was very tall and he spoke
with great pomp: “I am the color of royalty and power. Kings, chiefs
and bishops have always chosen me for I am a sign of authority and
wisdom. People do not question me — they listen and obey.”
Indigo spoke much more quietly than all the others, but just as
determinedly: “Think of me, you all become superficial. I represent
thought and reflection, twilight and deep waters. You need me for
balance and contrast, for prayer and inner peace.”
And so, the colors went on boasting, each convinced that they
were the best. Their quarrelling became louder and louder. Suddenly
there was a startling flash of brilliant white lightning; thunder rolled and
boomed. Rain started to pour down relentlessly. The colors all
crouched down in fear, drawing close to one another for comfort.
Then Rain spoke:
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And so, whenever God has used a good rain to wash the world,
He puts the rainbow in the sky, and when we see it, let us remember
to appreciate one another.
What is biodiversity?
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We can’t get by without it
Biodiversity in decline
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Good resources for good policy
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Quiz.
Discuss.
1. What other benefits does it bring? How are these happening in your
own context? Write in the space.
2. On digital structural change. (Effects on daily social and economic
lives people engage in more interactively)
3. On corporate social media. (More social networks for
communications and information flow)
4. On open innovation. (New form of participation gives rise to new
ways doing things. Classic values are broken and have become
modernized with new strategies.)
5. On open government. (Collaboration between the government
and citizens emerges. Democracy becomes more transparent and
active.)
6. On open access. (More access to scientific information enhances
knowledge quickly.)
7. On open and free culture. (With more virtual forums and
interactions, structural plans and blueprints are accessible
adaptable.)
1. Which among the seven media trend are still happenings? How?
2. Why did the article claim that year 2014 was mobile’s year?
3. If you were a village in the story, What would you do?
4. What is the root problem?
5. Look at your drawing. Is the root problem in the picture? Why not?
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6. Are you brave enough to find out? Are you willing to take the risk
for your neighbors? How often do I think about my thinking?
7. How can make sense of my brain and its intricate connections?
To do.
1. Search on the Internet Stephen Hawking and his works.
2. Get a news clip about the brain function according to Stephen
Hawking.
3. Make a research on how hawking viewed the human brain.
4. Form triads. Present your work: one will be the facilitator, recorder,
and presenter.
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“Hare and Tortoise”. Then, answer the following question and discuss.
After the discussion, develop a concept map on a connection and
relationship regarding the story. Use the diagram to illustrate it.
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Complete the table with your partner.
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Lesson 8
Neutral and Social Networks
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Neural is a computer system modeled on the human brain and
nervous system. While Social networking is the practice of expanding
the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making
connections through individuals, often through social media sites such
as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Google+.
Each neural unit is connected with many others, and links can
be enforcing or inhibitory in their effect on the activation state of
connected neural units. Each individual neural unit may have a
summation function which combines the values of all its inputs
together. There may be a threshold function or limiting function on
each connection and on the unit itself: such that the signal must
surpass the limit before propagating to other neurons. These systems
are self-learning and trained, rather than explicitly programmed, and
excel in areas where the solution or feature detection is difficult to
express in a traditional computer program.
"Good people know that high stakes testing has limited value
and they keep operating anyway. They don't let testing get in the way
of doing the good work they want to do to get kids prepared for life.
“Todd Whitaker.
However, are they really new ideas? 21st century skills are critical
thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity. For those of us
who have been educators for a long time we have always taught our
students how to think critically, communicate with others, collaborate
on projects and be creative. Long before the 21st century, that was
the basis for education for many years.
In addition, one of the best 21st century skills that we can teach
students is the art of reflection. Through reflection students can assess
their critical thinking skills and creativity. They can also work in
collaboration with other students to reflect on the work that they
completed. Reflection is an additional 21st century skill that would be
beneficial for all students, staff and administrators.
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that educators often see as distractions need to be used to positively
engage the social network generation.
However, there are all of those other times when our students do
not have to take tests and practice test-prep. Those are the times
when students could be fully engaged in using 21st century tools and
learning 21st century skills that have really been around for a very long
time.
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The short answer is yes, most definitely, though there are essential
innovations in pedagogy that must accompany them. The long
answer is that these tools, when chosen thoughtfully, implemented
appropriately, and combined with innovative pedagogy through
internet-connected communities, can teach students the skills
necessary to thrive in the 21st century and expand their ability to
communicate and collaborate in a global marketplace.
A 2007 study showed that teens in the U.S. spent more than 40%
of their media time on cell phones, the internet, and playing games,
yet the majority of students are "disconnected" while at school. In
addition to texting on their cell phones and using instant messaging
while online, students are leveraging personal social networking sites,
such as Club Penguin, Myspace, and Facebook, to connect and
communicate with their peers before and after school. It is clear that
today’s generation of media-savvy students know how to use these
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tools for communicating, but are they really using the technology to
its fullest potential?
Leveraging ePals, Inc.’s free, online email service for K–12 and
videoconferencing tools, she is incorporating social networking tools
within a safe and constructive environment to promote mentoring
and the use of media skills to engage her students in learning about
history. Giving her students the opportunity to communicate and
collaborate with their peers from other schools, as well as older
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students, helps to broaden their points of view and teaches them
different ways to approach and solve problems.
Global Coalition
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Application
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Trends, Networks And Critical Thinking (TNCT) in 21st century
provides efficiency in learning, it enables us to think critically and
wisely under pressured situations. It is important in making decisions.
Armed with knowledge and attitude of this subject molds an
individual to be a competent and accurate part of society. Interesting
topics and situations learned from this subject can be applied in every
students life. We can learn skill from this as well that can be used in
daily living. It provides general awareness of whats happening in our
surrounding. It gives an idea on how a productive citizen cope against
global concerns and issues. It teach us how to appreciate
technological advances and how to properly utilize them. It's a very
interesting subject for every student and studying it further may even
provide enjoyable and fruitful results.
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Summary
In Trends Networks and critical thinking we understand what is
the true meaning of Trends, How to spot a trends,differentiate the fad
and trend. We also understand the different types of networks like
local networks, Global networks like migration and climate refugees.
In planetary Networks we understand what is climate change, the
effects of having a climate change, the global warming and the
greenhouse effect we can also be aware on what is the solutions of
having a climate change. We also understand deeper what is
democracy like political corruption, The purposes of having ICT or
Information Communication Technology in our lives and neutral and
social networks.
Trends, Networking, And Critical Thinking In the 21st Century Page 163 | 164
References
Bremmer, Ian. "How to Lead in Ambiguous Times." Strategy and
Business. February 2015, 2. Accessed May 6, 2016.
http://www.strategybusiness.com/article/00306.
Burkitt, Frank. "A Strategist’s Guide to the Internet of Things." Strategy
and Business. November 2014, 10. Accessed May 6, 2016.
http://www.strategybusiness.com/article/00294.
Lancefield, David R. V. When_Megatrends_Collide.pdf. May 6, 2015.
http://www.strategybusiness.com/media/file/00309
Trends, Networking, And Critical Thinking In the 21st Century Page 164 | 164