B. V.

RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(UGC-AUTONOMOUS)

POWER SYSTEMS-I

B.Tech_II-Year_II-Semester L T P C
3 0 0 3
PREREQUISITES: NIL

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The course should enable the student’s ability to
1) Know the structure of a power system and the concept of power generation by different energy
sources and its cost.
2) Solve the voltage drop calculations for dc and ac distribution systems.
3) Determine the transmission line parameters.
4) Find the performance of short, medium and long transmission lines.
5) Find different factors which govern the performance of transmission lines.
6) Determine the power factor and implement different voltage control techniques.

UNIT-I: POWER GENERATION AND ECONOMICS

Typical layout and components of Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear and Gas Power Stations – Load curve, load
duration and integrated load duration curves – load, demand, diversity, capacity, utilization, plant use
factors and operating reserve – Costs of Generation and their division into fixed, Semi-fixed and
running Cost – Tariff Methods – Desirable characteristics of Tariffs – Numerical Problems.

UNIT-II: GENERAL ASPECTS OF DC & AC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Classification of Distribution Systems – Comparison of DC and AC, Underground and Overhead
Distribution systems – Voltage Drop Calculations: Radial D.C Distributor fed one end and at the both
the ends (equal/unequal Voltages) and Ring Main Distributor – Voltage Drop Calculations in A.C.
Distributors: Power Factors referred to receiving end voltage and with respect to respective load voltages
– Numerical Problems.

UNIT-III: TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS

Types of conductors – calculation of resistance for solid conductors – calculation of inductance for single
phase and three phase, single and double circuit lines – concept of GMR & GMD – symmetrical and
asymmetrical conductor configuration with and without transposition – Numerical Problems –
Calculation of capacitance for 2-wire and 3-wire systems – effect of ground on capacitance – capacitance
calculations for symmetrical and asymmetrical single and three phase and double circuit lines –
Numerical Problems.

UNIT-IV: PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION LINES

Classification – Short, medium and long line and their model representations – Nominal-T, Nominal-Pie
and A, B, C, D Constants for Symmetrical & Asymmetrical Networks – Long Transmission – Incident,
Reflected and Refracted Waves – Surge Impedance and SIL of Long Lines, Wave Length and Velocity of
Propagation of Waves – Representation of Long Lines – Equivalent-T and Equivalent Pie network models
– Numerical problems.

UNIT-V: POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS

Types of System Transients – Travelling or Propagation of Surges – Attenuation, Distortion, Reflection and
Refraction Coefficients – Skin and Proximity effects, Effect on Resistance of Solid Conductors – Ferranti
effect – Charging Current – Effect on Regulation of the Transmission Line – Corona, factors affecting
corona – critical voltages and power loss – Radio Interference – Numerical Problems.

UNIT-VI: POWER FACTOR AND VOLTAGE CONTROL

Causes of low Power Factor – Methods of Improving PF – Power factor correction equipment – Most
Economical Power Factor – Importance of Voltage control – Voltage control equipment – Numerical
Problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. A Text Book on Power System Engineering by M.L.Soni, P.V.Gupta, U.S.Bhatnagar and
A.Chakraborti, DhanpatRai& Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1999.
2. Principles of Power Systems by V.K Mehta and Rohit Mehta S.CHAND & COMPANY LTD., New
Delhi 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J. Grainger and W. D. Stevenson, “Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education, 1994.
2. O. I. Elgerd, “Electric Energy Systems Theory”, McGraw Hill Education, 1995.
3. R. Bergen and V. Vittal, “Power System Analysis”, Pearson Education Inc., 1999.
4. D. P. Kothari and I. J. Nagrath, “Modern Power System Analysis”, McGraw Hill Education, 2003.
5. B. M. Weedy, B. J. Cory, N. Jenkins, J. Ekanayake and G. Strbac, “Electric Power Systems”,
Wiley, 2012.

COURSE OUTCOMES:
After completion of course the student should be able to
1) Draw the load curve, load duration and integrated load duration curves for given load data.
2) Estimate the voltage drops and power losses in radial and loop type DC distributors.
3) Determine the expressions for calculation of transmission line inductance and capacitances.
4) Compare /contrast between nominal-T and nominal- method representations of medium
transmission lines.
5) Describe the causes of corona, skin effect, proximity effect, Ferranti effect and radio interferences
in transmission lines.
6) Justify the most economical power factor for constant KW and constant KVA type loads.