CHEMISTRY

PROJECT
WORK
DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL
DEEPTINAGAR NTPC
KAHALGAON
 TOPIC
To study the presence of
insecticide and pesticides in
fruits and vegetables.

Name - Pratush Sinha

Class - XII ‘SCIENCE’
Roll No. - 13
Board Roll No. -

TEACHER’S NAME - Mr.Rajan Dwivedi

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Pratush Sinha of

class XII has successfully completed the
project work under the guidance of
Mr.Rajan Dwivedi (Subject techer) in the
year 2019-2020 for the chemistry
practical conducted by CBSE.
It is further certified that this project is
the team project of the candidate.

Signature of subject teacher Signature of external examiner

 PREFACE
I am grateful to everyone who has
helped me in the chemistry project
and forward my sincere
appreciation to them.

This includes my friends for being

there for me and giving me moral
support and my teachers who
guided me in a helpful manner.

Last but not the least I would

humbly thank my parents for
providing a rock solid support to me
and encouraging me through
anxieties.
 CONTENT
 Topic
 Certificate
 Preface
 Introduction
 Materials Required
 Principle
 Procedure
 Sample
 Observation
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
Pesticides are proven to be effective against
variety of insects, weeds and fungi and are
respectively called insecticides, herbicides
and fungicides. Most of the pesticides are
non-biodegradable and remain penetrated
as such into plants, fruits and vegetables.
In the past decade there has been a
tremendous increase in the yields of various
crops to meet the demand of overgrowing
population, achieved by using pesticides
and insecticides.
These are chemicals that are sprayed over
crop to protect it from pests. For example:
DDT, BHC, zinc phosphide, Mercuric
chloride, dinitrophenol, etc. All pesticides
are poisonous chemicals and are used in
small quantities with care. From plants they
transfer to animals, birds and human beings
who eat these polluted fruits and
vegetables. Inside the body they get
accumulated and cause serious health
problems. These days preference is given to
biodegradable insecticides like Malathion.
The presence of insecticides residues in
even raw samples of wheat, fish, meat,
butter etc. have aroused the concern of
agricultural administrators, scientists and
health officials all over the world to put a
check over the use of insecticides and to
search for non insecticidal means of pest
control.
 Materials
Required

 Samples of fruits and vegetables

 Beakers
 Funnel
 Test Tubes
 Alcohol
 Sodium metal
 Ferric Chloride
 Ferrous Sulphate crystals
 Dil.Sulphuric Acid
Etc.
 PRINCIPLE
Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens and
phosphorus present in an organic
compound are detected by
“Lassaigne’s test”. The elements
present in the compound are
converted from covalent form into
the ionic form by fusing the
compound with sodium metal.
Following reactions take place:
Na + C + N ⎯⎯→ NaCN
The sodium fusion extract is boiled
with iron(II) sulphate and then
acidified with concentrated
sulphuric acid. The formation of
Prussian blue colour confirms the
presence of nitrogen. Sodium
cyanide first reacts with iron (II)
sulphate and forms sodium
hexacyanoferrate(II). On heating
with concentrated sulphuric acid
some iron(II) ions are oxidised to
iron(III) ions which react with
sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) to
produce iron(III)
hexacyanoferrate(II)
(ferriferrocyanide) which is
Prussian blue in colour.
6CN- + Fe2+ → [Fe(CN)6 ]4-
3[Fe(CN)6 ] 4- + 4Fe3+ ⎯⎯→
Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 .xH2 O
(Prussian blue)
 PROCEDURE
1. Take different kinds of fruit and
vegetables and cut them into small
piece separately.
2. Transfer the cut piece of various
fruits and vegetables in mortar
seperately and crush them.
3. Take different beaker of each
kind of fruits and vegetables and
place the crushed fruit and
vegetable in these beakers, and add
10ml of alcohol to each or these. Stir
well and filter collect the filtrate in
separate china dishes.
4. Evaporate the alcohol by heating
china dishes one by one over water
 bath and let the residue dry in an
oven.
5. Heat a small piece of dry sodium
in a fusion tubes, till it melts. Then
add one of the above residue from
china dish to the fusion tube and
heat till red hot. Drop the hot fusion
tube in china dish containing about
110ml of distilled water. Break the
tube and boil the contents of the
china dish for about 5 minute to cool
and filter solution. Collect the
filtrate.
6. To the filtrate add 1ml freshly
prepared ferrous sulphate solution
and warm the contents. Then, add 2-
3 drops of ferric chloride solution
 and acidity with the dil. Hydrochloric
acid if a blue or green precipitate or
colouration is obtained, it indicated
the presence of nitrogen containing
insecticide.
7. Repeat the test of nitrogen for
residue obtained from other fruits
and vegetable and record
observation.
Sample
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION